Docker 配置 Network

Tom Ma.

已于 2023-01-31 11:49:35 修改

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker 容器运维

于 2020-10-21 21:59:15 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/mshxuyi/article/details/109210643

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本文通过实例演示了如何在Docker中创建自定义网络，并将容器连接到该网络，实现不同容器间的通信。具体步骤包括创建容器、网络，以及网络连接等操作。

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1、创建 apline1 alpine 2 两个容器

docker run -it --name alpine1 -d alpine
docker run -it --name alpine2 -d alpine

2、创建一个 mynet 网络

docker network create -d bridge --subnet 172.19.0.0/16 --gateway 172.19.0.1 mynet

3、把 alpine2 容器加入 mynet 网络

docker network connect mynet alpine2

4、创建 alpine3 容器并加入 mynet 网络

docker run -it --name alpine3 --network mynet --ip 172.19.2.1 -d alpine

5、查看容器

[root@ ~docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 NAMES
96e6839315e7        alpine              "/bin/sh"               alpine3
264784076b5d        alpine              "/bin/sh"               alpine2
28dfb21ea47b        alpine              "/bin/sh"               alpine1

6、查看网络

[root@ ~docker]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
f494d9e871fc        bridge              bridge              local
0049c2e52fe2        host                host                local
7a9f67575661        mynet               bridge              local
d1e9a42f8a20        none                null                local

7、查看 mynet 网络明细

可以看到 apline 2，apline3 在 mynet 网络中

[root@~docker]# docker network inspect mynet
[
    {
        "Name": "mynet",
        "Id": "7a9f675756611910f059c8f9ab928bd76f3855fa1840794d9c1569f36cbbf913",
        "Created": "2020-10-21T21:10:02.09035415+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.19.0.0/16"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Containers": {
            "264784076b5d5360cccff022e4ab7b4d5ad79c0562cce824f5291b00a290822b": {
                "Name": "alpine2",
                "EndpointID": "d20d282b72180a47e53d30737586c6601362129ec217eacadb96dffa37c83cb1",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "172.19.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "96e6839315e7ea13b39afa483999ae7a6a8d9916eebebb416a5ceb1a93b26d08": {
                "Name": "alpine3",
                "EndpointID": "5c12559d5a6d9420400f76027bccce613316fa83e01c8744e98d4fa98d741c41",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:02:01",
                "IPv4Address": "172.19.2.1/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        },
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

8、查看 bridge 默认网络

可以看到 apline1，apline2 在 bridge 网络中

[root@ ~docker]# docker network inspect bridge
[
    {
        "Name": "bridge",
        "Id": "f494d9e871fc411c959e89ec8b4208c5763203a30e83eee8c5f1c9766be06e1a",
        "Created": "2020-10-20T09:11:29.030016967+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": null,
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Containers": {
            "264784076b5d5360cccff022e4ab7b4d5ad79c0562cce824f5291b00a290822b": {
                "Name": "alpine2",
                "EndpointID": "dde38b0fb5e2f9d77a21ba28b6f29a0a3e365694a9d40c3d339cbb569beb6b2d",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.3/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "28dfb21ea47b8875a697ed5d4e8ade2e2e956c683cb32954185fe678593da93a": {
                "Name": "alpine1",
                "EndpointID": "2115e5adf7e50829932bcec4af8c1198474a7e40ca12e55c3cdeaf4a3dd9281a",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        },
        "Options": {
            "com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "true",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "true",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4": "0.0.0.0",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker0",
            "com.docker.network.driver.mtu": "1500"
        },
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

9、登陆 alpine2

（1）查看 IP，看到有 2 个IP

/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03  
          inet addr:172.17.0.3  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2194 (2.1 KiB)  TX bytes:1744 (1.7 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:13:00:02  
          inet addr:172.19.0.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe13:2/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:40 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:3256 (3.1 KiB)  TX bytes:1902 (1.8 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:2698 (2.6 KiB)  TX bytes:2698 (2.6 KiB)

（2）测试

docker exec -it alpine2 /bin/sh

# ping alpine3 容器，可以通
ping -w 3 alpine3

PING alpine3 (172.19.2.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.19.2.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.2.1: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.2.1: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms

--- alpine3 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 25% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.056/0.058/0.060 ms

# ping alpine1 容器，默认网络不能使用容器名访问
ping -w 3 alpine1
ping: bad address 'alpine1'


#　但是可以通过 IP 访问
/ # ping -w3 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.090 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms

--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 25% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.064/0.080/0.090 ms