###
DNF Command Usage
in L
inux
The `
dnf` command
is a next-generation package manager used on RPM-based d
istributions, such as Fedora, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterpr
ise L
inux (
RHEL). It was
introduced to address the limitations of its predecessor, `
yum`, by improv
ing per
formance, memory usage, dependency re
solution speed, and overall efficiency[^2]. Below are some common usages of the `
dnf` command:
#### Basic Syntax
The general syntax
for us
ing the `
dnf` command
is:
```bash
dnf [options] <command> [<package(s)>]
```
#### Common Commands
1. **
Install Packages**
To
install one or more packages, use the follow
ing command:
```bash
dnf install <package_name>
```
For example,
install
ing the `vim` editor would look like th
is:
```bash
dnf install vim
```
2. **Update Packages**
Update all
installed packages with:
```bash
dnf update
```
Alternatively, you can specify
individual packages to be updated:
```bash
dnf update <package_name>
```
3. **Remove Packages**
Remove an
installed package along with any dependencies that were automatically added when it was
installed:
```bash
dnf remove <package_name>
```
4. **Search
for Packages**
Search
available repositories
for specific keywords with
in package names or descriptions:
```bash
dnf search <keyword>
```
5. **L
ist
Installed Packages**
L
ist currently
installed software packages:
```bash
dnf l
ist
installed
```
6. **Check
Available Updates**
Check which updates are
available without apply
ing them immediately:
```bash
dnf check-update
```
7. **Clean Cache**
Clear cached data from previous operations to free up d
isk space:
```bash
dnf clean all
```
8. **H
istory Management**
Manage transaction h
istory through commands similar to those provided by `
yum`. Example actions
include l
ist
ing transactions (`h
istory l
ist`) or undo
ing changes made dur
ing certa
in transactions.
```bash
dnf h
istory
info <transaction_id>
dnf h
istory rollback <transaction_id>
```
9. **Repository
Information**
D
isplay
information about enabled repositories:
```bash
dnf repol
ist
```
#### Advantages Over
Yum
Compared to `
yum`, `
dnf` offers several advantages
includ
ing reduced memory consumption due to better optimization techniques implemented via libraries written
in C++ such as hawkey[^4], improved handl
ing scenarios where repository configurations fail s
ince non-responsive ones get skipped
instead caus
ing immediate term
ination.
Additionally, users benefit significantly faster execution times thanks largely enhanced algorithms designed specifically around solv
ing complex
interdependencies between different components across large-scale environments efficiently while ma
inta
ining backward compatibility wherever possible ensur
ing smooth transition paths ex
ist mov
ing
forward
into future releases too!
```python
import subprocess
def run_
dnf_command(command_args):
try:
result = subprocess.run(['
dnf'] + command_args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
if result.returncode != 0:
ra
ise Exception(f"Error execut
ing '
dnf' command: {result.stderr}")
return result.stdout.strip()
except FileNotFoundError:
return "'
dnf' not found."
pr
int(run_
dnf_command(["l
ist", "
installed"]))
```
博客围绕RHEL 8系统展开，提出dnf是否适用于RHEL 8以及何时会取代yum的问题。决议表明，在RHEL 8 Beta版中，yum被dnf取代，yum命令成为dnf的符号链接，更多信息可参考4.4软件管理部分。
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