结合Dot语言和工具graphviz来画图

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 15:45:16 发布

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本文介绍使用Graphviz和Dot语言构建系统结构图的方法。通过一个详细的脚本示例，展示了如何定义节点、边和子图等元素，实现复杂系统的可视化。

按照经验，画图可以分两种形式: 所见即所得，所想即所得。

所见即所得，是我们平常用的最多的一种方法，利用画图工具，进行元件的拖拉和组合，很容易就得到我们想要的图。

而所想即所得，可能有点抽象，我们只是计划图里应该有什么元素，每个元素之间是什么关系；在定义了元素和关系后，利用画图工具画出我们想要的图。

一般来说，用第一种方法就足够了。但是如果这个图比较复杂，而且可能需要根据构想来随时更改，第一种方法总显得有点费劲吧。可能只是我没见识到真正的画图神器？

无论怎么说，我发觉现在用graphviz+dot更顺手了，因为可看作是可编程和可配置，图的修改和优化的方便性不是一般的爽。

至于如何使用Dot语言以及如何使用graphviz生成图片，可以参考下官方文档或网上的例子。

这里展示一个系统结构图的构建例子，直接上脚本:

digraph G {
rankdir=TB;
fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
fontsize = 12;
bgcolor=grey;

node [ fontname = "Microsoft YaHei", fontsize = 11, shape = "oval", color=white, fontcolor=white];
edge [ fontname = "Microsoft YaHei", fontsize = 10 , color=white, fontcolor=gray];

User [label="用户", shape="egg", style=filled, color=goldenrod];

      subgraph cluster1 {
          fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
          fontsize = 12;
          label="#APPs#";
          bgcolor="mintcream";
          node [shape = "ellipse", style=filled,color=skyblue, fontcolor=black];
          android_app [label="android/ios app"];
      };
      subgraph cluster2 {
          fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
          fontsize = 12;
          label="#API云端#";
          bgcolor="mintcream";
          node [shape = "ellipse", style=filled,color=skyblue, fontcolor=black];
          api_server [label="API Server"];
      };
      subgraph cluster3 {
          fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
          fontsize = 12;
          label="#IoT云端#";
          bgcolor="mintcream";
          node [shape = "ellipse", style=filled,color=skyblue, fontcolor=black];
          iot_server [label="IoT Server"];
      };
      subgraph cluster4 {
          subgraph cluster4_s1 {
              fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
              fontsize = 9;
              label="#外围设备#";
              bgcolor="dimgrey";
              node [shape = "box", style=filled,color=skyblue, fontcolor=black];
              cluster4_worker [label="各功能工作部件"];
          };
          subgraph cluster4_s2 {
              fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
              fontsize = 9;
              label="#外围设备#";
              bgcolor="dimgrey";
              node [shape = "box", style=filled,color=skyblue, fontcolor=black];
              cluster4_other_2 [label="..."];
              cluster4_voicecard [label="声卡设备"];
              cluster4_control_panel [label="遥控器"];
              cluster4_sensor [label="感应器"];
          };
          subgraph cluster4_s3 {
              fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
              fontsize = 9;
              label="#外围设备#";
              bgcolor="dimgrey";
              node [shape = "box", style=filled,color=skyblue, fontcolor=black];
              cluster4_wifi [label="WiFi(Gateway)"];
          };

        fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
        fontsize = 12;
        fontcolor=white;
        label="#智能设备系统#";
        bgcolor="#202020";
        node [ fontname = "Microsoft YaHei", fontsize = 11, shape = "oval", color=white, fontcolor=white];
        edge [ fontname = "Microsoft YaHei", fontsize = 10 , color=white, fontcolor=gray];

        Start [label="启动", shape="doublecircle",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        MainInitiator [label="系统初始化", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        SignalMonitor [label="信号检测", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        ControlCenter [label="控制中心", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        NetworkManager [label="网络管理", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        VoiceManager [label="语音管理", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        WarningManager [label="warnning管理", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        DeviceIot [label="IoT服务入口", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];
        DeviceAPICli [label="API服务入口", shape="oval",style=filled, color=burlywood];

        CMD_MQ [label="指令队列", shape=box, style=filled, height=.1, width=.5, color=yellowgreen];
        WARNING_MQ [label="报警队列", shape=box, style=filled, height=.1, width=.5, color=yellowgreen];
        Dev_Status [label="设备状态缓存", shape=box, style=filled, height=.2, width=.5, color=steelblue];

        ControlCenter->Dev_Status->ControlCenter [color=white, style=dashed];
        ControlCenter->cluster4_worker[label="控制", color=grey, style=solid];
        ControlCenter->ControlCenter [label="安全机制", color=grey, style=solid];

        SignalMonitor->VoiceManager[label="启动/关闭", color=green, style=dashed];
        SignalMonitor->ControlCenter[label="启动/关闭", color=green, style=dashed];
        SignalMonitor->WARNING_MQ [label="写入串口报警", color=red, style=solid];
        SignalMonitor->CMD_MQ [label="写入串口指令", color=red, style=solid];

        Start->MainInitiator [color=green, style=dashed];
        MainInitiator->MainInitiator [label="系统自检", color=green, style=solid];
        MainInitiator->SignalMonitor[label="启动Step1", color=green, style=dashed];
        MainInitiator->ControlCenter[label="启动Step2", color=green, style=dashed];
        MainInitiator->NetworkManager[label="启动Step3", color=green, style=dashed];
        MainInitiator->VoiceManager[label="启动Step4", color=green, style=dashed];

        NetworkManager->DeviceIot[label="启动Step1", color=green, style=dashed];
        NetworkManager->DeviceAPICli[label="启动Step2", color=green, style=dashed];

        cluster4_voicecard->VoiceManager [color=grey, style=solid];
        VoiceManager->CMD_MQ [label="写入语音指令", color=red, style=solid];

        DeviceIot->CMD_MQ [label="写入远程指令", color=red, style=solid];
        DeviceAPICli->CMD_MQ [label="写入远程指令", color=red, style=dashed];
        DeviceIot->cluster4_wifi [label="发布/订阅", color=grey, style=dashed];
        DeviceAPICli->cluster4_wifi [label="账号/设置/日志", color=grey, style=dashed];

        CMD_MQ->ControlCenter [label="读取MQ队列", color=red, style=dashed];
        WARNING_MQ->WarningManager->cluster4_voicecard [label="报警", color=red, style=dashed];
        //WarningManager->cluster4_voicecard [color=grey, style=dashed];

        cluster4_control_panel->SignalMonitor [label="信号", color=grey, style=solid];
        cluster4_sensor->SignalMonitor [label="信号", color=grey, style=solid];
    };

User->cluster4_voicecard [color=sienna, style=solid];
User->cluster4_control_panel [color=sienna, style=solid];
User->android_app [color=sienna, style=solid];

api_server->cluster4_wifi [label="账号/设置", fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];
iot_server->cluster4_wifi [label="发布/订阅", fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];
android_app->cluster4_wifi [label="wifi设置/账号绑定", fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];

android_app->api_server [label="账号/设置", fontsize = 10, fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];
api_server->android_app [fontsize = 11, fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];

api_server->iot_server [label="发布/订阅", fontsize = 10, fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];
iot_server->api_server [fontsize = 11, fontcolor=black, color=black, style=dashed];
}

该脚本在graphviz里运行后，得到如下效果图:

各种元素楚河汉界泾渭分明，而且可以随时修改脚本。至于如何排版布局，交由graphviz去完成就好。