Given a string, find the first non-repeating character in it and return it's index. If it doesn't exist, return -1.
Examples:
s = "leetcode" return 0. s = "loveleetcode", return 2.
Note: You may assume the string contain only lowercase letters.
题目:输入一个字符串,找出最先出现的不重复字符,返回这个字符的index,如果不存在则返回-1。假设输入的字符串只包含小写字母。
实现思路1:用HashMap统计每个字符出现的频率,然后找出频率是1的字符并返回这个字符的index,如果不存在就返回-1。这种方法的时间复杂度是O(n),空间复杂度是O(n)。
class Solution {
public int firstUniqChar(String s) {
if (s == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument is null");
Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
if (!map.containsKey(c))
map.put(c, 1);
else
map.put(c, map.get(c) + 1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
if (map.get(s.charAt(i)) == 1)
return i;
return -1;
}
}
实现思路1的改进:由于题目说明了输入的字符串只有小写字母,因此可以用一个char[]数组来统计每个字符出现的频率,其余思路不变。这种方法的时间复杂度是仍然是O(n),但空间复杂度是O(1)。
class Solution {
public int firstUniqChar(String s) {
if (s == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument is null");
char[] table = new char[26];
for (char c : s.toCharArray())
table[c - 'a'] += 1;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
if (table[s.charAt(i) - 'a'] == 1)
return i;
return -1;
}
}
实现思路2:利用String的indexOf和lastIndexOf方法,即如果字符x首次出现的index等于最后出现的index,就说明这个字符只出现一次。这种实现方法的代码虽然变得更简洁,但时间复杂度却是O(n^2)。
class Solution {
public int firstUniqChar(String s) {
if (s == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument is null");
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
if (s.indexOf(c) == s.lastIndexOf(c))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
}
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/first-unique-character-in-a-string/discuss/86348/Java-7-lines-solution-29ms
https://leetcode.com/problems/first-unique-character-in-a-string/discuss/86359/my-4-lines-Java-solution