VTK笔记——插值样条曲线采样

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-13 10:05:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-13 10:05:48 发布

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分类专栏： VTK笔记文章标签： spline 曲线插值 vtk

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本文介绍如何使用VTK的vtkParametricSpline类进行样条曲线插值采样，包括两种方法：固定点数求步长和固定步长求点数，以及示例代码。

有时候我们想通过在样条曲线上得到更多的点，比如用这些点来与另一条曲线连通生成三角条，让曲线在可视化的时候分辨率更高，等等，就需要用到曲线插值采用。最常见的是样条曲线插值采样。
曲线已经有了情况下（关于如何生成样条曲线，可参照VTK笔记——插值样条曲线（Parametric Spline）），
在这里插入图片描述
接下来要在曲线上取更多的点。

曲线方程

直线，两点就可形成一条直线。通过数学表示的直线方程，可以求得直线上任意一点的坐标。同理，曲线也是如此。
vtk中，vtkParametricSpline包含有曲线方程，
vtkParametricSpline::Evaluate
vtkParametricSpline API及描述
通常，根据需求的不同，有两种方式

方式一

点的个数n固定，求步长step。

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> outPoints =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();
	int pointsCnt = 11; // n = 11
	double step = 1.0 / (pointsCnt - 1);
	// Fix bug: the result points n probably not enough
	//for (double i = 0; i <= 1; i += step)
	//{
	//	double u[] = {i, 0, 0};
	//	double p[3];
	//	spline->Evaluate(u, p, NULL);
	//	outPoints->InsertNextPoint(p);
	//}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		double u[3] = { i * step, 0, 0 }, p[3];
		spline->Evaluate(u, p, nullptr);
		outPoints->InsertNextPoint(p);
	}
}

在这里插入图片描述

方式二

步长step一定，求点n的个数

#define DIS(p1, p2) (sqrt((p1[0]-p2[0])*(p1[0]-p2[0]) + (p1[1]-p2[1])*(p1[1]-p2[1]) + (p1[2]-p2[2])*(p1[2]-p2[2])))
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> outPoints =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();

	double totalLen = DIS(p0, p1) + DIS(p1, p2);
	double start = 0;
	double step = .5;

	while (start <= totalLen)
	{
		double u[] = { start/totalLen, 0, 0 };
		double p[3];
		spline->Evaluate(u, p, NULL);
		outPoints->InsertNextPoint(p);
		start += step;
	}

在这里插入图片描述

示例代码

#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <vtkParametricSpline.h>
#include <vtkParametricFunctionSource.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkGlyph3DMapper.h>

int main(int, char *[])
{
	double p0[3] = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
	double p1[3] = { 3.0, 2.0, 0.0 };
	double p2[3] = { 5.0, 0.0, 0.0 };

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> points =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();
	points->InsertNextPoint(p0);
	points->InsertNextPoint(p1);
	points->InsertNextPoint(p2);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkParametricSpline> spline =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkParametricSpline>::New();
	spline->SetPoints(points);

	// Method1
#if (0)
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> outPoints =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();
	int pointsCnt = 11;
	double step = 1.0 / (pointsCnt-1);
	for (double i = 0; i <= 1; i = i + step)
	{
		double u[] = {i, 0, 0};
		double p[3];
		spline->Evaluate(u, p, NULL);
		outPoints->InsertNextPoint(p);
	}
#else
	// Method2
#define DIS(p1, p2) (sqrt((p1[0]-p2[0])*(p1[0]-p2[0]) + (p1[1]-p2[1])*(p1[1]-p2[1]) + (p1[2]-p2[2])*(p1[2]-p2[2])))
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> outPoints =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();

	double totalLen = DIS(p0, p1) + DIS(p1, p2);
	double start = 0;
	double step = .3;

	while (start <= totalLen)
	{
		double u[] = { start/totalLen, 0, 0 };
		double p[3];
		spline->Evaluate(u, p, NULL);
		outPoints->InsertNextPoint(p);
		start += step;
	}
#endif

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkParametricSpline> outSpline =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkParametricSpline>::New();
	outSpline->SetPoints(outPoints);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkParametricFunctionSource> functionSource =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkParametricFunctionSource>::New();
	functionSource->SetParametricFunction(outSpline);
	functionSource->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> splineMapper =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
	splineMapper->SetInputConnection(functionSource->GetOutputPort());

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> splineActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
	splineActor->SetMapper(splineMapper);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource> sphereSource =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource>::New();
	sphereSource->SetPhiResolution(21);
	sphereSource->SetThetaResolution(21);
	sphereSource->SetRadius(.05);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> splinePointsData =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
	splinePointsData->SetPoints(outPoints);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkGlyph3DMapper> splinePointsMapper =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkGlyph3DMapper>::New();
	splinePointsMapper->SetInputData(splinePointsData);
	splinePointsMapper->SetSourceConnection(sphereSource->GetOutputPort());

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> pointsActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
	pointsActor->SetMapper(splinePointsMapper);
	pointsActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 0);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> renderWindow =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
	renderWindow->SetSize(600, 600);
	renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> renderWindowInteractor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
	renderWindowInteractor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

	renderer->AddActor(splineActor);
	renderer->AddActor(pointsActor);

	renderWindow->Render();
	renderWindowInteractor->Start();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}