15.6 Expression statements

本文详细解析了表达式语句的概念及其使用方式。探讨了包括调用表达式、对象创建表达式在内的多种类型,并强调不是所有表达式都能作为语句使用。
An expression-statement evaluates a given expression. The value computed by
the expression, if any, is
discarded.
expression-statement:
statement-expression ;
statement-expression:
invocation-expression
object-creation-expression
assignment
post-increment-expression
post-decrement-expression
pre-increment-expression
pre-decrement-expression
Not all expressions are permitted as statements. [Note: In particular,
expressions such as x + y and
x == 1, that merely compute a value (which will be discarded), are not
permitted as statements. end note]
Execution of an expression statement evaluates the contained expression and
then transfers control to the
end point of the expression statement. The end point of an
expression-statement is reachable if that
expression-statement is reachable.
SQL manipulation statements are used to interact with and modify data within a database. These statements fall under the category of **Data Manipulation Language (DML)**, which includes commands like `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, and `SELECT`. Below are examples and usage scenarios for each: ### INSERT The `INSERT` statement is used to add new rows of data into a table. It allows specifying values for specific columns or inserting default values. Example: ```sql INSERT INTO table1 (column1, column2) VALUES (1, 'XYZ'); ``` This command inserts a new row into `table1` where `column1` has the value 1 and `column2` has the value 'XYZ' [^1]. ### SELECT The `SELECT` statement retrieves data from one or more tables. It can be used to fetch all columns (`SELECT *`) or specific columns based on conditions. Example: ```sql SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE column2 = 'XYZ'; ``` This query selects all records from `table1` where the value in `column2` equals 'XYZ' [^1]. ### UPDATE The `UPDATE` statement modifies existing rows in a table. You specify which table to update, what changes to make, and often include a `WHERE` clause to target specific rows. Example: ```sql UPDATE table1 SET column2 = 'ABC' WHERE column1 = 1; ``` This updates the `column2` value to 'ABC' for any row in `table1` where `column1` is 1. ### DELETE The `DELETE` statement removes records from a table. Like `UPDATE`, it typically uses a `WHERE` clause to determine which rows should be deleted. Example: ```sql DELETE FROM table1 WHERE column1 = 1; ``` This deletes all rows from `table1` where `column1` equals 1. ## Usage Scenarios - **Data Entry**: When entering new data into the database, such as user registration details, the `INSERT` command is essential. - **Querying Data**: To retrieve information for reporting, analysis, or application logic, the `SELECT` command is indispensable. - **Updating Records**: If there's a need to correct information or reflect changes (like updating customer addresses), the `UPDATE` command serves this purpose. - **Removing Data**: For cleaning up obsolete or incorrect entries, the `DELETE` command ensures that unwanted data does not clutter the database. Each DML command plays a crucial role in managing and manipulating data effectively within relational databases.
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