接口测试-python的Requests

搭建环境

• python环境，下载python,配置环境变量

• pycharm官网 https://www.jetbrains.com.cn/en-us/pycharm/

• 离线安装，下载requests
  

• 在线安装
  

• pycharm导入第三方requests库
  file-settings-project-project interpreter-±requests-install package

• 导入import requests

get不带参数

import requests

response=requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
response.encoding="utf-8"
# 响应
print("响应正文"+response.text)
print("响应行"+response.status_code)
print("响应头"+response.headers)
print("响应内容编码类型"+response.encoding)
#获取响应正文
print(response.json())#将json格式的数据转化为字典

get带参数

para={"goodsId":"1"}
response=requests.get("http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList",params=para)

格式化响应数据

• json.dumps()将字典形式转化为字符串数据
• json.loads()将字符串数据转化为字典形式
• sort_keys是告诉编码器按照字典key排序（a-z)输出
• indent参数根据数据格式缩进显示，读起来更加清晰，indent的值，代表缩进空格
• ensure_ascii=False代表是中文格式utf-8

# 将字典类型转换为str,将进行格式化处理
txt=json.dumps(r.json(),ensure_ascii=False,indent=2,sort_key=True)
print(txt)

post请求-form类型

• {“key:value”,“key:value”}

# 1.form类型
user={"username:admin","password:123456"}
url="http://146.56.246.116:8899/post1"
res=requests.post(url,data=user)
print(res.json())

post请求-json类型

• {“key”:“value”,“key”:“value”}

json_user = {"phoneArea":"86",
  "phoneNumber":"2000",
  "password":"123456" }

json_url="http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login"
res2=requests.post(json_url,data=json_user)
print(res2.json())

cookie的传递（关联）

import requests
import json

json_user = {"phoneArea":"86",
  "phoneNumber":"2000",
  "password":"123456" }
json_url="http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login"
res2=requests.post(json_url,data=json_user)
print(res2.json())
# 获取cookies
mall_cookies=res2.cookies

address_url="http://146.56.246.116:8899/fgadmin/address/list"
# 使用cookies
resp=requests.get(address_url,cookies=mall_cookies)
print(json.dumps(resp.json(),ensure_ascii=False,indent=2))

类封装

• 异常捕获
• 日志记录
• 协议转换
• 封装工具

工具类RequestsUtil

import requests


"""
Http工具类封装
"""

class RequestUtil:
    def request(self, url, method, headers=None, param=None, content_type=None,cookies=None):
        """
        通用请求工具类
        :param url:
        :param method:
        :param headers:
        :param param:
        :param content_type:
        :return:
        """
        try:
            if method == 'get':
                result = requests.get(url=url, params=param, headers=headers,cookies=cookies).json()
                return result
            elif method == 'post':
                if content_type == 'application/json':
                    result = requests.post(url=url, json=param, headers=headers,cookies=cookies).json()
                    return result
                else:
                    result = requests.post(url=url, data=param, headers=headers,cookies=cookies).json()
                    return result
            else:
                print("http method not allowed")


        except Exception as e:
            print("http请求报错:{0}".format(e))



# 测试类
if __name__ == '__main__':#相当于java中的main函数

    r = RequestUtil()
    # url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList"
    # result = r.request(url, 'get')
    # print(result)


    url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login"
    userInfo = {"phoneArea": "86",
                    "phoneNumber": "2000",
                    "password": "123456"}
    type = "application/json"
    result = r.request(url, 'post', param=userInfo, content_type=type)
    print(result)

登录测试类

url域名可以进行分离

import unittest
from util.RequestUtil import RequestUtil
import util.Common as com

json_url =com.base_url+ "/common/fgadmin/login"
class MallTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_login_success(self):
        json_body = {"phoneArea": "86",
                     "phoneNumber": "2000",
                     "password": "123456"}

        respone=RequestUtil().request(json_url,'post',content_type='json',para=json_body)
        print(respone)
        self.assertEqual(respone["message"],"success")
        self.assertEqual(respone["code"], "200")

    def test_login_fail(self):
        json_body = {"phoneArea": "86",
                     "phoneNumber": "2000",
                     "password": "123422"}

        respone = RequestUtil().request(json_url, 'post', content_type='json', para=json_body)
        print(respone)
        self.assertEqual(respone["message"], "用户名或者密码错误")
        self.assertEqual(respone["code"], "401")