Unit 2: Adjectives

本文详细介绍了英语中的形容词,包括描述性形容词、专有名词形容词和表语形容词三类,并举例说明了它们的具体用法。

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words you use to modify a noun or a pronoun. In this section you will learn about three categories of adjectives: (1) descriptive adjectives, (2) proper adjectives, and (3) predicate adjectives.


descriptive adjective describes a quality of the noun the adjective modifies.

  • large house
  • frigid night
  • wide gorge
  • purple plum
  • green truck
  • blissful sleep

proper adjective is formed by using a proper noun or formed from a proper noun.

  • French pastry
  • Shakespearian play
  • Jeffersonian democracy
  • African dance

Predicate adjectives follow the noun and are connected to the noun by a linking verb, which you will learn about in the next module. In the following examples, the predicate adjective follows the highlighted linking verb:

  • She seems brave.
  • The bread is stale.
  • He looks bored.
  • The trash smells unpleasant.

The three articles in English, a, an, and the (sometimes referred to as determiners) always function as adjectives in a sentence.

from nltk.corpus import wordnet import nltk import re import json nltk.download("wordnet", quiet=True) # Load irregular adjectives from a JSON file with open("irregular_adjectives.json", "r") as f: IRREGULAR_ADJECTIVES = json.load(f) def get_comp_sup(adjs): comp_sup = [] for adj in adjs: synsets = wordnet.synsets(adj, pos=wordnet.ADJ) if synsets: syn = synsets[0] comp_forms = [lemma.name().replace("_", " ") for lemma in syn.lemmas()] if len(comp_forms) >= 2: comp_form = comp_forms[1] else: comp_form = get_comparative_form(adj) if len(comp_forms) >= 3: superl_form = comp_forms[2] else: superl_form = get_superlative_form(adj) comp_sup.append((adj, comp_form, superl_form)) else: comp_sup.append((adj, get_comparative_form(adj), get_superlative_form(adj))) return comp_sup def get_comparative_form(adj): if adj in IRREGULAR_ADJECTIVES: return IRREGULAR_ADJECTIVES[adj][0] elif re.match(r"^[aeiou][a-z]*$", adj): return adj + "er" else: return "more " + adj def get_superlative_form(adj): if adj in IRREGULAR_ADJECTIVES: return IRREGULAR_ADJECTIVES[adj][1] elif re.match(r"^[aeiou][a-z]*$", adj): return adj + "est" else: return "most " + adj def main(): adjs = input("Enter a list of adjectives (comma-separated): ").split(",") adjs = [adj.strip() for adj in adjs] comp_sup = get_comp_sup(adjs) print("\nAdjective\tComparative\tSuperlative") print("------------------------------------------") for adj, c, s in comp_sup: print(f"{adj}\t\t{c}\t\t{s}") if __name__ == "__main__": main() 代码讲解
10-28
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