Spring详细教程

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本文从Spring框架的基础开始介绍，包括如何导入必要的jar包、编写实体类、配置Spring XML文件等基本操作。进一步深入探讨了Bean的配置方法，如Bean间的引用、集合Bean的配置、使用FactoryBean等高级主题。此外，还介绍了如何通过注解来配置Bean，以及Spring AOP的使用方法，包括AOP注解的使用、AOP整合Hibernate并使用事务等内容。

Spring学习总结----

一、导入Spring必须的jar包

二、简单示例入门注入一个User

1.编写User实体类

package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {
@Override
public String toString() {
return “User [id=” + id + “, name=” + name + “]”;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private int id;
private String name;

}

2.编写Spring配置文件，类型为xml，文件名可以自定义

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" 
        >
  <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="User"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test.Spring.helloworld.User"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="id"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="name"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="jayjay"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</beans>

3.利用Spring容器创建托管对象User

        ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User u = (User)context.getBean("User");
        System.out.println(u);

三、Bean的配置深入

1.bean引用其他bean

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;

public class HelloWorld {
public User getUser() {
return user;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setUser(User user) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.user =<span style="color: #000000;"> user;
}

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", user=" + user + "]"<span style="color: #000000;">;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String getName() {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> name;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setName(String name) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.name =<span style="color: #000000;"> name;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String name;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> User user;

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HelloWorld(){
    
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HelloWorld(String name){
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.name =<span style="color: #000000;"> name;
}

}

配置示例：

    <!-- reference other bean -->
    <bean id="HelloWorld" class="test.Spring.helloworld.HelloWorld">
        <!-- <property name="name" value="spring1"></property> -->
        <constructor-arg value="spring2" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
        <property name="user">
            <ref bean="User"/>
        </property>
    </bean>

调用方法依然是根据bean中的id

2.集合bean配置

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {
public Map<String, Integer> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, Integer> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public List<String> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return “User [id=” + id + “, name=” + name + “, list=” + list
+ “, map=” + map + “]”;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private int id;
private String name;
private List<String> list;
private Map<String,Integer> map;

}

配置示例：

    <!-- Configure the list bean -->
    <bean id="testList" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">
        <property name="list">
            <list>
                <value>list1</value>
                <value>list2</value>
                <value>list3</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> configure the map </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="testMap"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test.Spring.helloworld.User"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="map"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">map</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">entry </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">key</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="first"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">entry</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">entry </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">key</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="second"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="2"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">entry</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">entry </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">key</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="third"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="3"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">entry</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">map</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span></pre>

3.Properties类型的bean

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.Properties;

public class DataSource {
@Override
public String toString() {
return “Properties [properties=” + properties + “]”;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Properties getProperties() {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> properties;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setProperties(Properties properties) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.properties =<span style="color: #000000;"> properties;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Properties properties;

}

配置示例：

    <!-- configure the properties -->
    <bean id="dataSource1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.DataSource">
        <property name="properties">
            <props>
                <prop key="user">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
                <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>
                <prop key="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

4.使用Util定义引用其他bean的公共集合

需要先在xml导入命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    
        >    
</beans>

集合以及调用的xml配置

    <!-- if properties of collection are beans -->
    <util:list id="users">
        <ref bean="User"/>
        <ref bean="User"/>
        <ref bean="User"/>
    </util:list>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="Users"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test.Spring.helloworld.Users"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="list"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">ref </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="users"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span></pre>

5.使用p简化bean的属性赋值

首先，导入p的命名空间

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

实体类实例：

package test.Spring.helloworld;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

}

配置示例：

    <!-- use p to write the bean quickly and conveniently -->
    <bean id="User1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User" p:id="2" p:name="jayjay2" />

6.abstract模板bean

设置abstract=true表明此bean是模板bean，为其他bean提供属性值模板

    <!-- template bean -->
    <bean abstract="true"  id="template" p:id="50" p:name="fromTemplate"></bean>
    <bean id="User2" parent="template" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

7.单例bean和原型bean

    <!-- use scope to build singleton/prototype bean -->
    <bean id="User3" parent="template" scope="singleton" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>
    <bean id="User4" parent="template" scope="prototype" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

singleton:此bean为单例，在context创建时已经创建，并且只有一个实例。

prototype:当需要时创建实例。

8.静态工厂方法配置bean

静态工厂类示例：

package test.Spring.FactoryBean;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class StaticFactoryMethod {
public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
    map.put(</span>"first", <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> Person(1,"jayjay1"<span style="color: #000000;">));
    map.put(</span>"second", <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> Person(2,"jayjay2"<span style="color: #000000;">));
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Person getPerson(String key){
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> map.get(key);
}

}

配置示例：

    <!-- static factory method -->    
    <bean id="person" factory-method="getPerson" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.StaticFactoryMethod">
        <constructor-arg value="first" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

9.实例工厂方法配置bean

工厂类示例：

package test.Spring.FactoryBean;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class InstanceFactoryMethod {
public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {
    map.put(</span>"first", <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> Person(1,"jayjay1"<span style="color: #000000;">));
    map.put(</span>"second", <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> Person(2,"jayjay2"<span style="color: #000000;">));
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Person getPerson(String key){
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> map.get(key);
}

}

配置示例：

    <!-- instance factory method -->
    <bean id="InstanceFactoryMethod" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.InstanceFactoryMethod"></bean>
    <bean id="person1" factory-bean="InstanceFactoryMethod" factory-method="getPerson">
        <constructor-arg value="second"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

10.通过实现FactoryBean完成bean的配置

需要对FactoryBean接口的3个方法进行适当重写

PersonFactoryBean类示例：

package test.Spring.FactoryBean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;

public class PersonFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Person>{

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> getId() {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> id;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> setId(<span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> id) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.id =<span style="color: #000000;"> id;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String getName() {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> name;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setName(String name) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.name =<span style="color: #000000;"> name;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> id;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String name;

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> Person getObject() <span style="color: #0000ff;">throws</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Exception {
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Person(id,name);
}

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt;<span style="color: #000000;"> getObjectType() {
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> Person.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
}

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">boolean</span><span style="color: #000000;"> isSingleton() {
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">false</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
}

}

配置示例：

    <!-- use factory bean to get a instance -->
    <bean id="person2" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.PersonFactoryBean">
        <property name="id" value="3"></property>
        <property name="name" value="FactoryBean"></property>
    </bean>

四、通过注解配置bean

加上注解的类会被Spring容器管理

@Component

　　　　标注于通用实体类

@Controller

　　　　标注于Controller/Action

@Service

　　　　标注于Service

@Respository

　　　　标注于RespositoryImpl/DaoImlp

@Autowired

　　　　依据类型自动装配

@Qualifier

　　　　指定自动装载的bean的name

1.在Spring配置文件中导入context命名空间，并加入

<context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan>

表示Spring将扫描test.Spring.Annotation及其子包中所有java文件，并将带有注解的类加入Spring容器进行管理。

例如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context">
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

2.模拟三层，并用Spring注解方式注入

项目结构：

Person实体类

package test.Spring.Annotation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Person {
@Override
public String toString() {
return “Person [id=” + id + “, name=” + name + “]”;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> id;    
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String name;

}

PersonController

package test.Spring.Annotation.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class PersonController {
public void excute(){
System.out.println(“PersonController.excute()…”);
}
}

PersonService

package test.Spring.Annotation.Service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class PersonService {
public void add(){
System.out.println(“PersonService.add()…”);
}
}

PersonRepository接口

package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;

public interface PersonRepository {
void add();
}

PersonRepositoryImpl接口实现类

package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class PersonRepositoryImpl implements PersonRepository {

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> add() {
    System.out.println(</span>"PersonRepositoryImpl.add()..."<span style="color: #000000;">);    
}

}

Main类中测试

package test.Spring.Annotation;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import test.Spring.Annotation.Controller.PersonController;
import test.Spring.Annotation.Repository.PersonRepository;
import test.Spring.Annotation.Service.PersonService;

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“applicationContextForAnnotation.xml”);

    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">inject the common bean</span>
    System.out.println(context.getBean("testAutowired"<span style="color: #000000;">));
    
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">inject the repository</span>
    PersonRepository pr = (PersonRepository)context.getBean("personRepositoryImpl"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    pr.add();
    
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">inject the controller</span>
    PersonController pc = (PersonController)context.getBean("personController"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    pc.excute();
    
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">inject the service</span>
    PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    ps.add();
    
    
}

}

3.泛型三层的注入

Spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        " 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
        >
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Generic.di"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

BaseRespository

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

public class BaseRepository<T> {

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> save() {
    System.out.println(</span>"repository.save()..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
}

}

PersonRepository

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

public interface PersonRespository {
void save();
}

PersonRepositoryImpl

继承BaseRepository就不需要再写一次save方法，且同时实现了PersonRepository接口

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;

@Repository
public class PersonRespositoryImpl extends BaseRepository<Person> implements PersonRespository {

}

BaseService对Dao进行自动装配，子类继承后装配的是子类Respository

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class BaseService<T> {

@Autowired
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">protected</span> BaseRepository&lt;T&gt;<span style="color: #000000;"> baseRespository;

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> save(){
    System.out.println(</span>"service.save()..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
    System.out.println(baseRespository);
}

}

PersonService继承了BaseService，就不需要再写实现save方法，定义Repository字段了

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;

@Service
public class PersonService extends BaseService<Person>{

}

Main类中调用

package test.Spring.Generic.di;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“applicationContextForGeneric.xml”);
PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean(“personService”);
ps.save();
}
}

输出为

第二句说明调用的是继承BaseService的PersonService拿到的Respository是PersonRepositoryImpl，说明泛型注入成功。　　　　

十、使用SpringAOP完成简单的程序

1.导入SpringAOP所需jar包

2.编写spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    "</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">
    xmlns:util</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">
    xmlns:p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">
    xmlns:context</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">
    xmlns:aop</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"</span>    
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> configure the package for spring to scan </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">context:component-scan </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">base-package</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test.Spring.AOP"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> make the aspectj annotation to be used </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">aop:aspectj-autoproxy</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">aop:aspectj-autoproxy</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</beans>

3.创建一个HelloWord接口以及它的实现类HelloWordImpl

public interface HelloWord {
    public int sayHello(int num);
}

@Component
public class HelloWordImpl implements HelloWord{
    public int sayHello(int num){
        System.out.println("hello word");
        return 100/num;
    }
}

4.SpringAOP注释的类型有5种

@Before 前置通知在方法执行前执行

@After 后置通知在方法执行后执行

@AfterThrowing 异常通知在方法抛出异常之后执行

@AfterReturning 返回通知在方法返回结果之后执行

@Around 环绕通知环绕着方法执行

5.创建一个切面类（包含@Before @After @AfterThrowing @AfterReturning）

@Component
@Aspect
public class HelloWordAspect {
@Before(value</span>="execution(* test.Spring.AOP.HelloWord.sayHello(..))"<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> beforeMethod(JoinPoint jp){
    String methodName </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> jp.getSignature().getName();
    System.out.println(methodName);
    System.out.println(</span>"before method execute,args are "+<span style="color: #000000;">Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
}

@After(</span>"execution(* test.Spring.AOP.HelloWord.sayHello(..))"<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> afterMethod(JoinPoint jp){
    System.out.println(</span>"after method execute,args are "+<span style="color: #000000;">Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
}

@AfterThrowing(value</span>="execution(* test.Spring.AOP.HelloWord.sayHello(..))",throwing="ex"<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> afterThrow(Exception ex){
    System.out.println(</span>"afterThrow"+<span style="color: #000000;">ex.getMessage());    
}

@AfterReturning(value</span>="execution(* test.Spring.AOP.HelloWord.sayHello(..))",returning="result"<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> afterReturn(Object result){
    System.out.println(</span>"the result is "+<span style="color: #000000;">result);
}

}

6.在主函数调用

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextForAOP.xml");
    HelloWord hw </span>= (HelloWord) context.getBean("helloWordImpl"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    hw.sayHello(</span>10<span style="color: #000000;">);
}

}

7.调用结果

结果说明，在sayHello方法是被Spring代理执行了，执行前后加上了一些切面类中定义的信息。

8.使用Around环绕通知切面类实现类似效果

@Component
@Aspect
public class HelloWordAspectAround {
    @Around(value="execution(* test.Spring.AOP.HelloWord.sayHello(..)))")
    public Object aroundMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp){
        Object result = null;
        String methodName = pjp.getSignature().getName();
        try {
            result = pjp.proceed();        
            System.out.println("the result is "+result);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println("Exception occurs : "+e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        System.out.println(methodName+" end");
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> result;
}

}

十一、SpringAOP整合Hibernate并使用事务(模拟买书的过程)

1.内容准备

①.编写实体类

Book

public class Book {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getCount() {
        return count;
    }
    public void setCount(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int price;
    private int count;
}

Customer

public class Customer {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
    public void setBalance(int balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int balance;
}

②.编写实体类映射文件

<hibernate-mapping package="springaop.model">
    <class name="Book" table="t_book">
        <id name="id" type="int" column="id" >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" type="string" column="name"/>
        <property name="price" type="int" column="price"/>
        <property name="count" type="int" column="count"/>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</hibernate-mapping>

<hibernate-mapping package="springaop.model">
    <class name="Customer" table="t_customer">
        <id name="id" type="int" column="id" >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" type="string" column="name"/>
        <property name="balance" type="int" column="balance"/>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</hibernate-mapping>

③.编写dao及daoImpl

public interface ShopRepository {
    public int findBookPriceByBookName(String name);
    public void updateBookCount(String name);
    public void updateUserBalance(String name,int price);
}

@Repository
public class ShopRepositoryImpl implements ShopRepository{
@Autowired
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> SessionFactory sessionFactory;

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Session getSession(){
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> findBookPriceByBookName(String name) {
    String sql </span>= "select b.price from Book b where b.name=?"<span style="color: #000000;">;
    Query query </span>= getSession().createQuery(sql).setString(0<span style="color: #000000;">, name);
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (Integer)query.uniqueResult();
}

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> updateBookCount(String name) {
    String sql1 </span>= "select b.count from Book b where b.name=?"<span style="color: #000000;">;
    Query query </span>= getSession().createQuery(sql1).setString(0<span style="color: #000000;">,name);
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> count = (<span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;">)query.uniqueResult();
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span>(count&lt;=0<span style="color: #000000;">){
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">throw</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> RuntimeException("库存不足"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    String sql2 </span>= "update Book b set b.count=b.count-1 where b.name=?"<span style="color: #000000;">;
    getSession().createQuery(sql2).setString(</span>0<span style="color: #000000;">,name).executeUpdate();        
}

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> updateUserBalance(String name, <span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;"> price) {
    String sql1 </span>= "select c.balance from Customer c where c.name=?"<span style="color: #000000;">;
    Query query </span>= getSession().createQuery(sql1).setString(0<span style="color: #000000;">,name);
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> count = (<span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span><span style="color: #000000;">)query.uniqueResult();
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span>(count-price&lt;0<span style="color: #000000;">){
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">throw</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> RuntimeException("余额不足"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    }
    
    String sql2 </span>= "update Customer c set c.balance=c.balance-? where c.name=?"<span style="color: #000000;">;
    getSession().createQuery(sql2).setInteger(</span>0, price).setString(1<span style="color: #000000;">,name).executeUpdate();    
}

}

④.编写service及serviceImpl

public interface ShopService {
    public void shop(String bookName,String username);
}

@Service
public class ShopServiceImpl implements ShopService{
@Autowired
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ShopRepository sr;

@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> shop(String bookName, String username) {
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> price =<span style="color: #000000;"> sr.findBookPriceByBookName(bookName);
    sr.updateUserBalance(username, price);
    sr.updateBookCount(bookName);
}

}

2.加入Hibernate

①．添加hibernate必须的jar包

②．添加hibernate.cfg.xml

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 配置hibernate的基本属性 -->    
        <!-- 1.数据源的配置，配置到SpringIOC中，此处不需要再进行配置 -->
        <!-- 2.关联实体的映射文件 .hbm.xml文件也在IOC容器配置SessionFactory实例时配置 -->
        <!-- 3.配置hibernate的基本属性  方言、sql显示及格式化、数据库表生成策略、二级缓存-->        
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    <span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 配置hibernate二级缓存相关 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
    
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">session-factory</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</hibernate-configuration>

3.加入Spring

①.导入Spring必须的jar包

②.配置Spring的applicationContext.xml及db.properties文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd             
        "
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        >
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 配置Spring扫描的包 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">context:component-scan </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">base-package</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="springaop"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">context:component-scan</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 配置数据源 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 导入资源文件 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">context:property-placeholder </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">location</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="classpath:db.properties"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="dataSource"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="user"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="${jdbc.user}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="password"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="${jdbc.password}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="driverClass"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="${jdbc.driverClass}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="jdbcUrl"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="initialPoolSize"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="${jdbc.initialPoolSize}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="maxPoolSize"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 配置Hibernete的SessionFactory实例 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 通过配置Spring提供的LcalSessionFactory </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="sessionFactory"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="dataSource"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> ref</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="dataSource"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="configLocation"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="mappingLocations"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="classpath:springaop/model/*.hbm.xml"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 配置Spring的声明式事务 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 1.配置事务管理器 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="transactionManager"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="sessionFactory"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> ref</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="sessionFactory"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 2.配置事务属性 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">tx:advice </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="txAdvice"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> transaction-manager</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="transactionManager"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">tx:attributes</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">tx:method </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="*"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">tx:attributes</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">tx:advice</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 3.配置事务切点，并把切点和事务关联起来， </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">aop:config</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">aop:pointcut </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">expression</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="execution(* springaop.service.*.*(..))"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="txPointcut"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">aop:advisor </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">advice-ref</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="txAdvice"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> pointcut-ref</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="txPointcut"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">aop:config</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</beans>

jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=1234
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test

jdbc.initialPoolSize=5
jdbc.maxPoolSize=10

4.运行测试

public class test {
    private ApplicationContext context = null;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span> ShopService ss = <span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">;

{
    context </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"<span style="color: #000000;">);
    ss</span>= context.getBean(ShopService.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
}


@Test
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> test() <span style="color: #0000ff;">throws</span><span style="color: #000000;"> SQLException{
    DataSource ds </span>= context.getBean(DataSource.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
    System.out.println(ds.getConnection());
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> test1(){
    ss.shop(</span>"Java", "jayjay"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}

@Test
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> test3(){
    ss.shop(</span>"C", "jayjay"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}

}

当钱不够的时候，会抛出异常“余额不足”，并且事务回滚；当钱足够时，正常执行。

源码下载：SpringAOP整合Hibernate并使用事务(模拟买书的过程)-源码

转自：Spring详细教程