[Python] 文件读写——处理ini配置文件

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 14:11:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 14:11:38 发布

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分类专栏： Web 2.0 文章标签： python 文件读写 ini

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本文介绍了Python中处理ini配置文件的方法，通过 IniFileParser 类实现读取、写入、查找和修改功能。示例代码展示如何操作不同section的变量。

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语言学习练手必备之文件读写，就来处理下ini文件吧。

ini格式(http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F)

[section1]
; some comment on section1
var1 = foo
var2 = doodle

[section2]
# some comment on section2
var1 = baz
var2 = shoodle

[section3]
var1 = bar # blabla
var2 = ; default

实现了一个IniFileParser类进行读写、查找、修改，还没有添加功能。

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import re
import string

NoSectionException = 'NoSectionException'
NoOptionException = 'NoOptionException'

class IniFileParser:
	def __init__(self):
		self.sections = {}
	
	def read(self, filename):
		try:
			f = open(filename, 'r')
		except:
			return ('Cannot open this file!\n')
		
		for line in f:
			# removing whitespace
			line = line.strip()
			
			if line == "":
				continue
			# skiping comments
			if line[0] == '#' or line[0] == ';':
				continue
			
			# sections
			if line[0] == '[':
				line = line.strip('[]')
				options = {}
				self.sections[line] = options
			# options
			else:
				# Assuming that no comments follow
				key, value = line.split('=', 1)
				key = key.strip()
				value = value.strip()
				options[key] = value

		f.close()
	
	def sections(self):
		return self.sections.keys()
		
	def has_section(self, section):
		return section in self.sections.keys()
		
	def options(self, section):
		if not self.has_section(section):
			return None
		return self.sections[section].keys()
	
	def has_option(self, section, option):
		return self.sections[section].has_key(option)
	
	def get(self, section, option):
		if not self.has_section(section):
			return None
		if not self.has_option(section, option):
			return None
		return self.sections[section][option]
	
	def set(self, section, option, value):
		if not self.has_section(section): raise NoSectionException
		if not self.has_option(section, option): raise NoOptionException
		self.sections[section][option] = value

	def write(self, filename):
		# automatically close the file
		with open(filename, 'w') as f:
			for s in self.sections:
				section = '\n[' + s + ']\n'
				f.write(section)
				for o in self.sections[s]:
					option = o + '=' + self.sections[s][o] + '\n'
					f.write(option)

可以注意到，上面的代码是无法处理(name, value)参数对后面所跟的注释语句的，因为这里只是简单地对行首字符进行判断。那么更好的实现方法，当然是使用正则表达式。在论坛找到一个参考：

match_section = re.compile(r'^\[([\w\s\.]*)\]$').match(line)
if match_section: # section name line
	line = match_section.group(1) # get section name
	sec_keys = dict()
	self.section_obj[line] = sec_keys
else: # key=value line
	re_comment = re.compile(r'[;#].*')
	line = re_comment.sub('', line) # remove comments in line
	[key, value] = map(string.strip, line.split('=', 1))
	sec_keys[key] = value

待我熟练一些再放上文件读写的总结… (懒