OJ 1678 Problem C 正方形、长方形、立方体

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本文探讨了在C++中通过继承实现正方形、长方形和立方体类的设计方法，展示了如何利用基类和派生类来计算这些形状的周长、面积和体积。文章详细解释了每个类的构造函数、成员函数以及它们之间的派生关系。

Description

给出正方形（Square）、长方形（Rectangle）、立方体（Cuboid）的边长，求周长、面积、体积。
Square类只需存一条边长，构造函数产生一条输出，有边长、周长、面积的函数。
Rectangle类需存长和宽，若从Square类派生而来，因此只需增加一条边，构造函数产生一条输出，有长、宽、周长、面积的函数。
Cuboid类需存长宽高，若从Rectangle类派生而来，因此也只增加一条边，构造函数产生一条输出，有长、宽、高、周长、面积、体积的函数。它的周长定义为所有棱长之和。
请仔细阅读append.cc代码，并设计好正方形、长方形、立方体派生关系，使main()函数能够运行并得到正确的输出。

Input

输入分为三部分，每一部分都已一个整数n开始，表示后面有n组测试数据。

在第一部分测试数据中，每组是一个整数，表示正方形的边长。

在第二部分测试数据中，每组是两个整数，表示长方形的长和宽。

在第三部分测试数据中，每组是三个整数，表示立方体的长和宽。

Output

每组测试数据对应的输出为两部分，前面是构造函数的输出，最后是输出图形的信息，包括长宽高、周长、面积、体积等信息，格式见sample；

Sample Input

Sample Output

Construct Square (4)
A Square length 4, Perimeter 16, Area 16
=========================
Construct Square (3)
Construct Rectangle (3, 4)
A Rectangle length 3, width 4, Perimeter 14, Area 12
=========================
Construct Square (3)
Construct Rectangle (3, 4)
Construct Cuboid (3, 4, 6)
A Cuboid length 3, width 4, height 6, Perimeter 52, Area 108, Volume 72

HINT

Append Code

int main()
{
    int cases, l, w, h;
    cin >> cases;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cases; ++i)
    {
        cin >> l;
        Square squa(l);
        cout << "A Square length " << squa.length() << ", ";
        cout << "Perimeter " << squa.perimeter() << ", ";
        cout << "Area " << squa.area() << endl;
    }
 
    cout << "=========================" << endl;
 
    cin >> cases;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cases; ++i)
    {
        cin >> l >> w;
        Rectangle rect(l, w);
        cout << "A Rectangle length " << rect.length() << ", width " << rect.width() << ", ";
        cout << "Perimeter " << rect.perimeter() << ", ";
        cout << "Area " << rect.area() << endl;
    }
 
    cout << "=========================" << endl;
 
    cin >> cases;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cases; ++i)
    {
        cin >> l >> w >> h;
        Cuboid cubo(l, w, h);
        cout << "A Cuboid length " << cubo.length() << ", width " << cubo.width() << ", height " << cubo.height() << ", ";
        cout << "Perimeter " << cubo.perimeter() << ", ";
        cout << "Area " << cubo.area() << ", ";
        cout << "Volume " << cubo.volume() << endl;
    }
 
}

Accepted Code

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Square {
protected:
    int len;
public:
    Square(int l = 0): len(l) {
        cout << "Construct Square (" << len << ")\n";
    }
    int length() { return len; }
    int perimeter() { return 4*len; }
    int area() { return len*len; }
};
class Rectangle : public Square {
protected:
    int wid;
public:
    Rectangle(int l = 0, int w = 0) : Square(l), wid(w) {
        cout << "Construct Rectangle (" << len << ", " << wid << ")\n";
    }
    int width() { return wid; }
    int perimeter() { return 2*len + 2*wid; }
    int area() { return len*wid; }
};
class Cuboid : public Rectangle {
protected:
    int hei;
public:
    Cuboid(int l = 0, int w = 0, int h = 0) : Rectangle(l, w), hei(h) {
        cout << "Construct Cuboid (" << len << ", " << wid << ", " << hei << ")\n";
    }
    int height() { return hei; }
    int perimeter() { return 4 * len + 4 * hei + 4 * wid;}
    int area() { return 2*len*wid + 2*len*hei + 2*wid*hei;}
    int volume() { return len*hei*wid; }
};
int main()
{
    int cases, l, w, h;
    cin >> cases;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cases; ++i)
    {
        cin >> l;
        Square squa(l);
        cout << "A Square length " << squa.length() << ", ";
        cout << "Perimeter " << squa.perimeter() << ", ";
        cout << "Area " << squa.area() << endl;
    }

    cout << "=========================" << endl;

    cin >> cases;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cases; ++i)
    {
        cin >> l >> w;
        Rectangle rect(l, w);
        cout << "A Rectangle length " << rect.length() << ", width " << rect.width() << ", ";
        cout << "Perimeter " << rect.perimeter() << ", ";
        cout << "Area " << rect.area() << endl;
    }

    cout << "=========================" << endl;

    cin >> cases;
    for(int i = 1; i <= cases; ++i)
    {
        cin >> l >> w >> h;
        Cuboid cubo(l, w, h);
        cout << "A Cuboid length " << cubo.length() << ", width " << cubo.width() << ", height " << cubo.height() << ", ";
        cout << "Perimeter " << cubo.perimeter() << ", ";
        cout << "Area " << cubo.area() << ", ";
        cout << "Volume " << cubo.volume() << endl;
    }

}