解决Exception has occurred. Illegal instruction

本文分享了一个C++程序在运行时出现coredump的问题及解决过程。作者在调试时发现,即使注释掉某些代码,程序依然报错。最终意识到是因为缺少return语句导致的异常。通过加上return解决了这一问题。

我的C++程序编译时没错,一运行就core dump

调试之,最奇怪的是运行到一句很普通的ret += "\n}\n"; 就挂了。程序大概如下:

string func()

{

string ret;

……

ret += "\n}\n";

}

无论把本行的代码注释掉还是把中间的部分注释掉,运行都报Exception has occurred。

费解了一下午,终于醒悟:没return呐!

加上return ret; 解决……

* USER CODE BEGIN Header / /* @file : main.c @brief : Main program body @attention Copyright © 2025 STMicroelectronics. All rights reserved. This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this software component. If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. / / USER CODE END Header / / Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include “main.h” #include “can.h” #include “usart.h” #include “gpio.h” /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------/ void SystemClock_Config(void); / USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** @brief The application entry point. @retval int */ int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals / MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_CAN_Init(); MX_USART1_UART_Init(); / USER CODE BEGIN 2 / Uart1_Config(); printf(“串口一测试123\r\n”); / USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop / / USER CODE BEGIN WHILE / while (1) { / USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /** @brief System Clock Configuration @retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0}; /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. @retval None / void Error_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug / / User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state / __disable_irq(); while (1) { } / USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number where the assert_param error has occurred. @param file: pointer to the source file name @param line: assert_param error line source number @retval None / void assert_failed(uint8_t file, uint32_t line) { / USER CODE BEGIN 6 / / User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf(“Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n”, file, line) / / USER CODE END 6 / } #endif / USE_FULL_ASSERT / / USER CODE BEGIN Header / / @file can.c @brief This file provides code for the configuration of the CAN instances. @attention Copyright © 2025 STMicroelectronics. All rights reserved. This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this software component. If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. / / USER CODE END Header / / Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include “can.h” /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ /* USER CODE END 0 */ CAN_HandleTypeDef hcan; /* CAN init function */ void MX_CAN_Init(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN_Init 0 */ /* USER CODE END CAN_Init 0 */ /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN_Init 1 */ /* USER CODE END CAN_Init 1 / hcan.Instance = CAN1; hcan.Init.Prescaler = 9; hcan.Init.Mode = CAN_MODE_NORMAL; hcan.Init.SyncJumpWidth = CAN_SJW_1TQ; hcan.Init.TimeSeg1 = CAN_BS1_5TQ; hcan.Init.TimeSeg2 = CAN_BS2_2TQ; hcan.Init.TimeTriggeredMode = DISABLE; hcan.Init.AutoBusOff = DISABLE; hcan.Init.AutoWakeUp = DISABLE; hcan.Init.AutoRetransmission = DISABLE; hcan.Init.ReceiveFifoLocked = DISABLE; hcan.Init.TransmitFifoPriority = DISABLE; if (HAL_CAN_Init(&hcan) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } / USER CODE BEGIN CAN_Init 2 */ /* USER CODE END CAN_Init 2 */ } void HAL_CAN_MspInit(CAN_HandleTypeDef* canHandle) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0}; if(canHandle->Instance==CAN1) { /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN1_MspInit 0 */ /* USER CODE END CAN1_MspInit 0 / / CAN1 clock enable */ __HAL_RCC_CAN1_CLK_ENABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE(); /**CAN GPIO Configuration PA11 ------> CAN_RX PA12 ------> CAN_TX */ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_11; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT; GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL; HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH; HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); /* CAN1 interrupt Init */ HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn, 0, 0); HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn); /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN1_MspInit 1 */ // 配置过滤器(接收所有消息) CAN_FilterTypeDef filter; filter.FilterBank = 0; filter.FilterMode = CAN_FILTERMODE_IDMASK; filter.FilterScale = CAN_FILTERSCALE_32BIT; filter.FilterIdHigh = 0x0000; filter.FilterIdLow = 0x0000; filter.FilterMaskIdHigh = 0x0000; filter.FilterMaskIdLow = 0x0000; filter.FilterFIFOAssignment = CAN_FILTER_FIFO0; filter.FilterActivation = ENABLE; HAL_CAN_ConfigFilter(&hcan, &filter); HAL_CAN_Start(&hcan); HAL_CAN_ActivateNotification(&hcan, CAN_IT_RX_FIFO0_MSG_PENDING); /* USER CODE END CAN1_MspInit 1 */ } } void HAL_CAN_MspDeInit(CAN_HandleTypeDef* canHandle) { if(canHandle->Instance==CAN1) { /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN1_MspDeInit 0 */ /* USER CODE END CAN1_MspDeInit 0 / / Peripheral clock disable */ __HAL_RCC_CAN1_CLK_DISABLE(); /**CAN GPIO Configuration PA11 ------> CAN_RX PA12 ------> CAN_TX */ HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12); /* CAN1 interrupt Deinit */ HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn); /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN1_MspDeInit 1 */ /* USER CODE END CAN1_MspDeInit 1 */ } } /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 / //数据发送函数 uint8_t CAN_Send(uint32_t id, uint8_t data, uint8_t len) { CAN_TxHeaderTypeDef txHeader; uint32_t txMailbox; txHeader.StdId = id; // 标准ID txHeader.ExtId = 0; // 扩展ID(标准帧设为0) txHeader.IDE = CAN_ID_STD; // 使用标准帧 txHeader.RTR = CAN_RTR_DATA; // 数据帧 txHeader.DLC = len; // 数据长度 txHeader.TransmitGlobalTime = DISABLE; if(HAL_CAN_AddTxMessage(&hcan, &txHeader, data, &txMailbox) != HAL_OK) { return 0; // 发送失败 } // 等待发送完成 while(HAL_CAN_GetTxMailboxesFreeLevel(&hcan) != 3); return 1; } //中断接收处理 void HAL_CAN_RxFifo0MsgPendingCallback(CAN_HandleTypeDef *hcan) { CAN_RxHeaderTypeDef rxHeader; uint8_t rxData[8]; if(HAL_CAN_GetRxMessage(hcan, CAN_RX_FIFO0, &rxHeader, rxData) == HAL_OK) { uint32_t id = rxHeader.StdId; // 获取标准ID uint8_t len = rxHeader.DLC; // 数据长度 // 处理接收数据 (示例: 串口转发) printf("ID:0x%X Data:", id); for(int i=0; i<len; i++) { printf("%02X ", rxData[i]); } printf("\n"); } } /* USER CODE END 1 / / USER CODE BEGIN Header / /* @file stm32f1xx_it.c @brief Interrupt Service Routines. @attention Copyright © 2025 STMicroelectronics. All rights reserved. This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this software component. If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. / / USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------/ #include “main.h” #include “stm32f1xx_it.h” / Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN Includes / / USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN TD */ /* USER CODE END TD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------/ / USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ /* USER CODE END 0 */ /* External variables --------------------------------------------------------/ extern CAN_HandleTypeDef hcan; extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1; / USER CODE BEGIN EV */ /* USER CODE END EV */ // / Cortex-M3 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers / // /** @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt. / void NMI_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 / while (1) { } / USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */ } /** @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt. / void HardFault_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 / while (1) { / USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */ } } /** @brief This function handles Memory management fault. / void MemManage_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 / while (1) { / USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */ } } /** @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault. / void BusFault_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 / while (1) { / USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */ } } /** @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state. / void UsageFault_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 / while (1) { / USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */ } } /** @brief This function handles System service call via SWI instruction. / void SVC_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 1 */ /* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 1 */ } /** @brief This function handles Debug monitor. / void DebugMon_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */ /* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */ } /** @brief This function handles Pendable request for system service. / void PendSV_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 0 / / USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 1 */ /* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 1 */ } /** @brief This function handles System tick timer. / void SysTick_Handler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 / HAL_IncTick(); / USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */ /* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */ } // / STM32F1xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers / / Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals. / / For the available peripheral interrupt handler names, / / please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f1xx.s). / // /** @brief This function handles USB low priority or CAN RX0 interrupts. / void USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn 0 / HAL_CAN_IRQHandler(&hcan); / USER CODE BEGIN USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn 1 */ /* USER CODE END USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn 1 */ } /** @brief This function handles USART1 global interrupt. / void USART1_IRQHandler(void) { / USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 / / 检查是否为接收中断(收到一个字节) / if (__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE) != RESET) { uint8_t data = (uint8_t)(huart1.Instance->DR); // 读取接收到的数据 USART1->DR = data;//串口回显 if (usart1_data.len < MAX - 1) // 防止溢出,保留 ‘\0’ 空间 { usart1_data.rbuff[usart1_data.len++] = data; } } / 检查是否为空闲中断(一帧数据接收完成) */ if (__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE) != RESET) { __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1); // 清除空闲中断标志 usart1_data.rbuff[usart1_data.len] = ‘\0’; // 添加字符串结束符 usart1_data.rdflag = 1; // 设置接收完成标志 // HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,usart1_data.rbuff,usart1_data.len,1000); usart1_data.len = 0; // 重置长度,准备下一次接收 memset(usart1_data.rbuff, 0, usart1_data.len); usart1_data.rdflag = 0; // 可选:重启接收(如果中途停止) HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t )usart1_data.rbuff, 1); } / USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 / HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1); / USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 */ /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */ } /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ /* USER CODE END 1 */ 如何调用can通信的初始化,实现数据收发
09-03
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