Beginning Ubuntu Linux From Novice To Professional一些翻译笔记

本文介绍了解决Ubuntu安装后出现的启动问题及图形界面显示异常的方法,包括通过重新配置GRUB启动菜单和X server来修复启动过程中的错误。

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安装后问题:
当我第一次启动,我看到PC很快就转到Grub>的命行行模式下了
解决:
因为某些原因,使得你Grub的安装菜单出错,可参考以后解决的方法:
1、插入你对应版本的Ubuntu安装碟,然后重新启动。之后会进入光碟启动的菜单里,输入"rescue"
2、安装器将会启动,接着你需要回答一些问题,很容易的,例如选择语言等
3、最后,你会被询问哪个分区希望挂载到LINUX中。如果你不知道哪个分区包含你Ubuntu的根分区的话,那么就只能够每个地试了,没办法啊。方法是,输入如下指令:
grub-install /dev/hda
如果是IDE就是hd开头,如果是SCSI的就是sd开头,看着办。
4、如果收到错误信息的话,那你就要返回第一步,选择另外的分区设一设了
5、好了,如果顺利的话,就拿出碟子,重启,就会看到久违的
Grub启动菜单了^-^


图像问题:
Ubuntu默认安装后都带有图形界面,但有时也会带来一些问题,如下:
1、当桌面正常显示,Ubuntu就定住了。
2、你会看到屏幕上所显示的东西有缺失,包括图像与文字。
3、收到X server不能工作的消息。
4、发现登陆时,并不是在图形界面,而是在命令行下的。
解决方法:
进入recovery模式,输入如下指令:
dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
重设图形界面,一般来说,默认地回答问题就行。设置过程中可能会有困难,自我解决吧。

文件的权限:
-rw-r--r--
第一个字符代表数据的类型,有如下几种情况:
-    标准文件
d    标准目录 
l      符号链接 (就是快捷方式啦)                               
p    命名管道Pipe
s    socket
c    字符设备 (/dev)
b    块设备 (/dev)
后面每三个字符一个部分,分别代表着:拥有者权限、组权限与其它用户权限
关于权限的常用指令有:
chmod
chown

Linux/Unix下面我喜欢的VIM编辑器常用指令:
1、删除文本
dd    删除当前行
ndd    删除n行           
dw    删除光标之后的一个词          
db    删除光标之前的一个词           
D    删除光标到行末的所有字符         

2、搜索
/    正向搜索(在/后面输入要搜索的文本)
?    反向搜索
n    重复正向搜索
N    重复反向搜索

3、剪切与粘贴
yy    Copy当前行
nyy    Copy n行
p    粘贴

4、文本的插入
i    在当前光标进入插入模式
o    在当前行的下一行进入插入模式
O    在当前行的上一行进入插入模式
A    在行末添加字符

5、导航
$    移动光标到当前行末尾 (Shift+A)
^    移动光标到当前行行首
w    移动光标到下一个词组
b    移动光标到前一个词组

6、其它
.    Redo
u    Undo


Bash里的快捷键
1、导航
Ctrl+A                  移动光标到行首
Ctrl+E                  移动光标到行末
Ctrl+right arrow        向右移动一个词
Ctrl+left arrow         向左移动一个词

2、编辑
Ctrl+U                  删除当前光标到行首的字符
Ctrl+K                  删除当前光标到行末的字符
Ctrl+W                  删除当前光标前的一个词
Alt+D                   删除当前光标后的一个词

3、其它
Ctrl+L                  清理屏幕(除当前外)
Alt+L                   令当前光标到行末的字符全转为小写字
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