【leetcode】34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array

本文介绍了一种高效算法,用于在已排序的整数数组中查找特定目标值的开始和结束位置。算法复杂度为O(log n),遵循二分查找原则,先确定目标值的左边界,再寻找右边界。文章提供了详细的实现思路及代码示例。

34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array

Given an array of integers nums sorted in ascending order, find the starting and ending position of a given target value.

Your algorithm's runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).

If the target is not found in the array, return [-1, -1].

Example 1:

Input: nums = [5,7,7,8,8,10], target = 8
Output: [3,4]

Example 2:

Input: nums = [5,7,7,8,8,10], target = 6
Output: [-1,-1]

题目链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/find-first-and-last-position-of-element-in-sorted-array/

不全的思路

原本的思路是:先用二分查找找到一个target,然后再根据上一轮的头尾指针,找边界。

缺点:如果头尾指针范围小于target范围,则找不全;如果要找全的话得从target向整个串的首尾再做两次二分查找,则不优雅。

正确打开方式的思路

先找左边界,然后找右边界。

网友整理的思路:https://leetcode.wang/leetCode-34-Find-First-and-Last-Position-of-Element-in-Sorted-Array.html

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> searchRange(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int l = 0, r = nums.size() - 1;
        vector<int> res = {-1, -1};
        while(l <= r){
            int m = (l + r) / 2;
            if (nums[m] > target) r = m - 1;
            else if(nums[m] < target) l = m + 1;
            else if(m>0 && nums[m - 1] == target) {
                res[0] = m; // 处理数组只有一个值的情况
                r = m-1;    // 不能是m,因为m可能陷入死循环
            }
            else{
                res[0] = m;
                l = m;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (res[0] == -1) return res;
        r = nums.size() - 1;
        while(l<=r){
            int m = (l + r) / 2;
            if (nums[m] > target) r = m - 1;
            else if(nums[m] < target) l = m + 1;
            else if(m<(nums.size()-1) && nums[m + 1] == target) {
                l = m+1;
                res[1] = m;
            }
            else{
                res[1] = m;
                break;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

### LeetCode Problem 34: Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array The task involves finding the starting and ending position of a given target value within an array of integers. If the target is not found in the array, [-1, -1] should be returned. For instance, consider an input where `nums` = [5,7,7,8,8,10], and `target` = 8. The expected output would be [3, 4]. Another example could involve `nums` = [5,7,7,8,8,10], but this time with `target` = 6, leading to an output of [-1, -1]. To solve this problem efficiently: A binary search approach can achieve logarithmic complexity by narrowing down potential positions for both the first and last occurrence of the target element[^1]: ```python def searchRange(nums, target): def findLeftIndex(nums, target): left, right = 0, len(nums) - 1 while left <= right: mid = (left + right) // 2 if nums[mid] < target: left = mid + 1 else: right = mid - 1 return left def findRightIndex(nums, target): left, right = 0, len(nums) - 1 while left <= right: mid = (left + right) // 2 if nums[mid] <= target: left = mid + 1 else: right = mid - 1 return right left_index = findLeftIndex(nums, target) right_index = findRightIndex(nums, target) # Check if the target exists in the list. if left_index <= right_index < len(nums) and nums[left_index] == target: return [left_index, right_index] return [-1, -1] ``` This code snippet defines two helper functions that perform modified versions of binary searches—one looking for the start index (`findLeftIndex`) and another for the end index (`findRightIndex`). After determining these indices, it checks whether they are valid before returning them as part of the result.
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