Switch kernel mode debug to user mode debug

本文介绍了如何在Windows XP及后续版本中,通过使用'.process'命令来强制进入目标进程上下文,从而进行有效的用户模式调试。此外,还提供了加载用户模式模块列表和符号的方法,并在必要时切换到用户模式下设置断点。

 1) Process context - You're not necessarily in the correct process context when you break in with the debugger, so you need to force the correct process context somehow

2) The user mode module list and symbols aren't loaded by default, but you can load them with .reload /user

You're better off using .process /i if your target is XP and later, that will actually force a switch into the target process context (you hit Go in the debugger and then the target breaks in when that process context gets swapped in). If I need to set a breakpoint in a user mode process I usually:

.process /i <process address>
g
* Debuggee runs, breaks in sometime later *
.reload /user
ba e1 foo!bar

And you should be set.

Martin gave you a link to an alternate option, where you actually run a user mode debugger on the target machine and control it via the kernel connection. Very nifty as it gives you access to the user mode debugger commands as opposed to the kernel mode debugger commands, though it requires action on the target.

 

Try using command: ".process" and ".thread". For example:
 1. for find process: !process 0 0 my_tool.exe
 2. for switch context: .process /r/p <_EPROCESS_ADDR>


请告诉我具体的实验步骤: Lab: system calls In the last lab you used system calls to write a few utilities. In this lab you will add some new system calls to xv6, which will help you understand how they work and will expose you to some of the internals of the xv6 kernel. You will add more system calls in later labs. Before you start coding, read Chapter 2 of the xv6 book, and Sections 4.3 and 4.4 of Chapter 4, and related source files: • The user-space "stubs" that route system calls into the kernel are in user/usys.S, which is generated by user/usys.pl when you run make. Declarations are in user/user.h • The kernel-space code that routes a system call to the kernel function that implements it is in kernel/syscall.c and kernel/syscall.h. • Process-related code is kernel/proc.h and kernel/proc.c. To start the lab, switch to the syscall branch: $ git fetch $ git checkout syscall $ make clean If you run make grade you will see that the grading script cannot exec trace and sysinfotest. Your job is to add the necessary system calls and stubs to make them work. Using gdb (easy) In many cases, print statements will be sufficient to debug your kernel, but sometimes being able to single step through some assembly code or inspecting the variables on the stack is helpful. To learn more about how to run GDB and the common issues that can arise when using GDB, check out this page. To help you become familiar with gdb, run and then fire up gdb in another window (see the gdb bullet on the guidance page). Once you have two windows open, type in the gdb window: make qemu-gdb (gdb) b syscall Breakpoint 1 at 0x80002142: file kernel/syscall.c, line 243. (gdb) c Continuing. [Switching to Thread 1.2] Thread 2 hit Breakpoint 1, syscall () at kernel/syscall.c:243 243 { (gdb) layout src (gdb) backtrace The layout command splits the window in two, showing where gdb is in the source code. The backtrace prints out the stack backtrace. See Using the GNU Debugger for helpful GDB commands. Answer the following questions in answers-syscall.txt. Looking at the backtrace output, which function called syscall? Type a few times to step past struct proc *p = myproc(); Once past this statement, type , which prints the current process's proc struct (see kernel/proc.h>) in hex. np /x *p What is the value of p->trapframe->a7 and what does that value represent? (Hint: look user/initcode.S, the first user program xv6 starts.) The processor is running in kernel mode, and we can print privileged registers such as sstatus (see RISC-V privileged instructions for a description): (gdb) p /x $sstatus What was the previous mode that the CPU was in? In the subsequent part of this lab (or in following labs), it may happen that you make a programming error that causes the xv6 kernel to panic. For example, replace the statement num = p->trapframe->a7; with num = * (int *) 0; at the beginning of syscall, run , and you will see something similar to: make qemu xv6 kernel is booting hart 2 starting hart 1 starting scause 0x000000000000000d sepc=0x000000008000215a stval=0x0000000000000000 panic: kerneltrap Quit out of qemu. To track down the source of a kernel page-fault panic, search for the sepc value printed for the panic you just saw in the file kernel/kernel.asm, which contains the assembly for the compiled kernel. Write down the assembly instruction the kernel is panicing at. Which register corresponds to the variable num? To inspect the state of the processor and the kernel at the faulting instruction, fire up gdb, and set a breakpoint at the faulting epc, like this: (gdb) b *0x000000008000215a Breakpoint 1 at 0x8000215a: file kernel/syscall.c, line 247. (gdb) layout asm (gdb) c Continuing. [Switching to Thread 1.3] Thread 3 hit Breakpoint 1, syscall () at kernel/syscall.c:247 Confirm that the faulting assembly instruction is the same as the one you found above. Why does the kernel crash? Hint: look at figure 3-3 in the text; is address 0 mapped in the kernel address space? Is that confirmed by the value in scause above? (See description of scause in RISC-V privileged instructions) Note that scause was printed by the kernel panic above, but often you need to look at additional info to track down the problem that caused the panic. For example, to find out which user process was running when the kernel paniced, you can print out the process's name: (gdb) p p->name What is the name of the binary that was running when the kernel paniced? What is its process id (pid)? This concludes a brief introduction to tracking down bugs with gdb; it is worth your time to revisit Using the GNU Debugger when tracking down kernel bugs. The guidance page also has some other other useful debugging tips.
最新发布
11-16
<think> 根据用户需求,我需要提供xv6系统调用实验的具体步骤,包括添加新系统调用、使用GDB调试、解答相关问题以及追踪内核崩溃问题。下面我将分步骤详细说明。 ### 1. **添加新系统调用** 在xv6中添加新系统调用需要修改以下文件: #### 步骤1: 定义系统调用号 - 在`kernel/syscall.h`中添加新的系统调用号,例如: ```c #define SYS_trace 22 // 示例:添加跟踪系统调用 ``` #### 步骤2: 声明系统调用函数 - 在`kernel/sysproc.c`中声明系统调用函数: ```c uint64 sys_trace(void); ``` #### 步骤3: 添加系统调用表项 - 在`kernel/syscall.c`的`syscalls`数组中添加映射: ```c extern uint64 sys_trace(void); static uint64 (*syscalls[])(void) = { ... [SYS_trace] sys_trace, }; ``` #### 步骤4: 实现系统调用功能 - 在`kernel/sysproc.c`中实现`sys_trace`函数: ```c uint64 sys_trace(void) { // 具体实现逻辑 } ``` #### 步骤5: 用户态接口 - 在`user/user.h`中声明用户态函数: ```c int trace(int); ``` - 在`user/usys.pl`中添加生成汇编入口的脚本: ```perl entry("trace"); ``` ### 2. **使用GDB调试xv6** #### 启动QEMU调试模式 1. 在xv6目录下执行: ```bash $ make qemu-gdb ``` 此时QEMU会暂停并等待GDB连接(默认端口26000)。 #### 连接GDB调试 1. 打开另一个终端,进入xv6目录,启动GDB: ```bash $ gdb-multiarch kernel/kernel ``` 2. 连接QEMU: ```gdb (gdb) target remote localhost:26000 ``` 3. 设置断点(例如在`sys_trace`函数): ```gdb (gdb) b sys_trace ``` 4. 继续执行: ```gdb (gdb) c ``` ### 3. **常见问题解答** #### Q1: 如何传递系统调用参数? 在xv6中,用户态参数通过`argint`、`argaddr`等函数获取(定义在`kernel/syscall.c`): ```c int argint(int n, int *ip); ``` #### Q2: 系统调用后用户程序崩溃? 可能原因: - 系统调用号未正确注册 - 用户态函数声明与内核实现不一致 - 未在`Makefile`的`UPROGS`中添加测试程序 ### 4. **追踪内核崩溃问题** #### 步骤1: 定位崩溃位置 - 当内核崩溃时,QEMU会输出`scause`和`sepc`寄存器值。例如: ```text kernel page fault, sepc=0x000000008000765a ``` - 使用GDB查看该地址对应的代码: ```gdb (gdb) x/i 0x8000765a ``` #### 步骤2: 检查调用栈 - 在GDB中执行: ```gdb (gdb) bt ``` 回溯函数调用链。 #### 步骤3: 分析内存状态 - 使用`xv6`的`vmprint`函数(需手动添加)打印页表: ```gdb (gdb) call vmprint(p->pagetable) ``` --- §§相关问题§§ 1. 如何为xv6添加一个带参数的系统调用? 2. GDB调试时如何查看xv6的页表结构? 3. 系统调用过程中发生`page fault`该如何排查? 4. 如何测试新添加的系统调用? </think>### XV6系统调用实验完整指南 #### 一、添加新系统调用步骤 1. **定义系统调用号** - 在`kernel/syscall.h`中添加新系统调用号: ```c #define SYS_yourcall 22 // 示例编号 ``` 2. **声明系统调用函数** - 在`kernel/sysproc.c`中添加函数声明: ```c uint64 sys_yourcall(void); ``` 3. **注册系统调用** - 在`kernel/syscall.c`的`syscalls[]`数组中添加: ```c extern uint64 sys_yourcall(void); [SYS_yourcall] sys_yourcall, ``` 4. **实现系统调用逻辑** - 在`kernel/sysproc.c`中实现功能: ```c uint64 sys_yourcall(void) { // 具体实现代码 } ``` 5. **添加用户态接口** - 在`user/user.h`中声明: ```c int yourcall(void); ``` - 在`user/usys.pl`中添加入口: ```perl entry("yourcall"); ``` 6. **编译测试** ```bash $ make qemu ``` #### 二、GDB调试xv6内核 1. **启动调试环境** ```bash $ make CPUS=1 qemu-gdb # 单核调试更稳定 ``` 2. **GDB连接与基本操作** ```bash $ gdb kernel/kernel (gdb) target remote localhost:26000 # 连接QEMU (gdb) b sys_yourcall # 在系统调用处设断点 (gdb) c # 继续执行 (gdb) n # 单步执行 (gdb) p /x *trapframe # 查看寄存器状态 ``` 3. **关键调试命令** ```gdb (gdb) x/10i $pc # 查看当前汇编指令 (gdb) info registers # 显示所有寄存器值 (gdb) watch *0x80010000 # 监视内存地址 ``` #### 三、内核崩溃追踪方法 1. **定位崩溃点** - QEMU崩溃输出示例: ``` sepc=0x0000000080001a76 stval=0x0000000000000000 ``` - 使用GDB查找问题位置: ```gdb (gdb) x/i 0x80001a76 # 查看崩溃点指令 ``` 2. **页错误分析** ```gdb (gdb) p /x $satp # 检查页表寄存器 (gdb) x /x $stval # 查看触发错误的地址 ``` 3. **调用栈分析** ```gdb (gdb) bt # 显示调用栈 (gdb) frame 2 # 切换到第2层栈帧 ``` #### 四、常见问题解答 1. **系统调用未被识别** - 检查`syscall.h`中的编号是否匹配 - 确认`usys.pl`生成了正确的汇编入口 2. **用户态参数传递错误** - 使用`argint()`/`argaddr()`获取参数: ```c int sys_yourcall(void) { int n; argint(0, &n); // 获取第一个参数 } ``` 3. **页表权限问题** - 内核态访问用户指针需用`copyin/copyout`: ```c copyout(p->pagetable, addr, buf, size); ``` 4. **死锁检测** - 在`kernel/spinlock.c`中启用调试: ```c #define DEBUG 1 ``` > 调试提示:启动时添加`-s`参数进入单步模式: > ```bash > $ make qemu-gdb EXTRAFLAGS="-s" # 启动即暂停 > ```
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