linux下抓取C++ throw调用栈

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已于 2022-06-11 13:44:24 修改

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分类专栏： Linux系统编程 C++ 软件测试文章标签： c++ gnu c语言

于 2022-05-25 22:16:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/joshua0137/article/details/124975027

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本文介绍了一种使用API钩子技术抓取C++异常处理中throw调用的调用堆栈的方法。通过重定义__cxa_throw函数并利用backtrace和addr2line工具获取调用堆栈信息，此技术可以辅助开发者更好地理解和调试程序中的异常抛出流程。

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使用API钩子技术，抓取throw调用的调用堆栈。

1. hook_cxa_throw-lys.hpp

#pragma once

#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <cstddef>
#include <exception>
#include <signal.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <ucontext.h>
#include <thread>


#ifdef __GNUC__
typedef void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) (*cxa_throw_type)(void*, void*, void(*)(void*));
#elif defined(__clang__)
typedef void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) (*cxa_throw_type)(void*, std::type_info*, void (_GLIBCXX_CDTOR_CALLABI*) (void*));
#endif
cxa_throw_type orig_cxa_throw = nullptr;

void load_orig_throw_code()
{
    orig_cxa_throw = (cxa_throw_type) dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "__cxa_throw");
}

extern "C"
#define STR_HELPER(x) #x
#define STR(x) STR_HELPER(x)

#ifdef __clang__
void __cxa_throw(void* thrown_exception, std::type_info* typeifo, void (_GLIBCXX_CDTOR_CALLABI* dest)(void*))
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
void __cxa_throw(void* thrown_exception, void* pvtinfo, void (*dest)(void *))
#endif
{
    if (orig_cxa_throw == nullptr)
        load_orig_throw_code();

	int nptrs;
	void *buffer[32];
	char **strings;

	nptrs = backtrace(buffer, 32);
	/* The call backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO)
	   would produce similar output to the following: */

	strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);

	if (strings != NULL)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < nptrs; j++)
		{
			size_t p = 0;
			while(strings[j][p] != '(' && strings[j][p] != ' ' && strings[j][p] != 0)
			++p;

			char syscom[256];

			/* /usr/bin/addr2line */
			sprintf(syscom,"addr2line %p -f -e %.*s", buffer[j], p, strings[j]);

			//last parameter is the file name of the symbol
			system(syscom);
			printf("%s\n\n", strings[j]);
		}

		free(strings);
	}
#ifdef __clang__
    orig_cxa_throw(thrown_exception, typeifo, dest);
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    orig_cxa_throw(thrown_exception, pvtinfo, dest);
#endif
}

2. main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "hook_cxa_throw-lys.hpp"

int mytest()
{
	try
	{
		throw "mythrow char strings";
	}
	catch(const char* sz)
	{
		std::cout << sz << "\n";
	}

	return 0;
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	printf("\n");
	mytest();
	return 0;
}

3. 编译

g++ -g -std=c++0x -pthread -ldl -rdynamic main.cpp -o testThrow.out

4. 运行：

./testThrow.out