Unix/Linux头文件说明

 ISO C 标准头文件

Header	FreeBSD 5.2.1	Linux 2.4.22	Mac OS X 10.3	Solaris 9	Description
<assert.h>	•	•	•	•	verify program assertion
<complex.h>	•	•	•		complex arithmetic support
<ctype.h>	•	•	•	•	character types
<errno.h>	•	•	•	•	error codes
<fenv.h>		•	•		floating-point environment
<float.h>	•	•	•	•	floating-point constants
<inttypes.h>	•	•	•	•	integer type format conversion
<iso646.h>	•	•	•	•	alternate relational operator macros（替代关系操作符宏）
<limits.h>	•	•	•	•	implementation constants
<locale.h>	•	•	•	•	locale categories
<math.h>	•	•	•	•	mathematical constants
<setjmp.h>	•	•	•	•	nonlocal goto
<signal.h>	•	•	•	•	signals
<stdarg.h>	•	•	•	•	variable argument lists
<stdbool.h>	•	•	•	•	boolean type and values
<stddef.h>	•	•	•	•	standard definitions
<stdint.h>	•	•	•		integer types
<stdio.h>	•	•	•	•	standard I/O library
<stdlib.h>	•	•	•	•	utility functions
<string.h>	•	•	•	•	string operations
<tgmath.h>		•			type-generic math macros
<time.h>	•	•	•	•	time and date
<wchar.h>	•	•	•	•	extended multibyte and wide character support
<wctype.h>	•	•	•	•	wide character classification and mapping support

 POSIX 标准定义的必须的头文件

Header	FreeBSD 5.2.1	Linux 2.4.22	Mac OS X 10.3	Solaris 9	Description
<dirent.h>	•	•	•	•	directory entries
<fcntl.h>	•	•	•	•	file control
<fnmatch.h>	•	•	•	•	filename-matching types
<glob.h>	•	•	•	•	pathname pattern-matching types
<grp.h>	•	•	•	•	group file
<netdb.h>	•	•	•	•	network database operations
<pwd.h>	•	•	•	•	password file
<regex.h>	•	•	•	•	regular expressions
<tar.h>	•	•	•	•	tar archive values
<termios.h>	•	•	•	•	terminal I/O
<unistd.h>	•	•	•	•	symbolic constants（符号常量）
<utime.h>	•	•	•	•	file times （文件时间）
<wordexp.h>	•	•		•	word-expansion types
<arpa/inet.h>	•	•	•	•	Internet definitions
<net/if.h>	•	•	•	•	socket local interfaces
<netinet/in.h>	•	•	•	•	Internet address family
<netinet/tcp.h>	•	•	•	•	Transmission Control Protocol definitions
<sys/mman.h>	•	•	•	•	memory management declarations
<sys/select.h>	•	•	•	•	select function
<sys/socket.h>	•	•	•	•	sockets interface
<sys/stat.h>	•	•	•	•	file status
<sys/times.h>	•	•	•	•	process times（进程时间）
<sys/types.h>	•	•	•	•	primitive system data types（基本系统数据类型）
<sys/un.h>	•	•	•	•	UNIX domain socket definitions（UNIX域套接字定义）
<sys/utsname.h>	•	•	•	•	system name
<sys/wait.h>	•	•	•	•	process control

 POSIX 标准定义的XSI扩展头文件

Header	FreeBSD 5.2.1	Linux 2.4.22	Mac OS X 10.3	Solaris 9	Description
<cpio.h>	•	•		•	cpio archive values
<dlfcn.h>	•	•	•	•	dynamic linking
<fmtmsg.h>	•	•		•	message display structures
<ftw.h>		•		•	file tree walking（文件树漫游）
<iconv.h>		•	•	•	codeset conversion utility
<langinfo.h>	•	•	•	•	language information constants
<libgen.h>	•	•	•	•	definitions for pattern-matching function
<monetary.h>	•	•	•	•	monetary types
<ndbm.h>	•		•	•	database operations
<nl_types.h>	•	•	•	•	message catalogs（消息类别）
<poll.h>	•	•	•	•	poll function（轮询函数）
<search.h>	•	•	•	•	search tables（搜索表）
<strings.h>	•	•	•	•	string operations
<syslog.h>	•	•	•	•	system error logging
<ucontext.h>	•	•	•	•	user context
<ulimit.h>	•	•	•	•	user limits
<utmpx.h>		•		•	user accounting database
<sys/ipc.h>	•	•	•	•	IPC
<sys/msg.h>	•	•		•	message queues
<sys/resource.h>	•	•	•	•	resource operations
<sys/sem.h>	•	•	•	•	semaphores
<sys/shm.h>	•	•	•	•	shared memory
<sys/statvfs.h>	•	•		•	file system information
<sys/time.h>	•	•	•	•	time types
<sys/timeb.h>	•	•	•	•	additional date and time definitions
<sys/uio.h>	•	•	•	•	vector I/O operations（矢量I/O操作）

POSIX 标准定义的可选头文件

Header	FreeBSD 5.2.1	Linux 2.4.22	Mac OS X 10.3	Solaris 9	Description
<aio.h>	•	•	•	•	asynchronous I/O
<mqueue.h>	•			•	message queues
<pthread.h>	•	•	•	•	threads
<sched.h>	•	•	•	•	execution scheduling
<semaphore.h>	•	•	•	•	semaphores
<spawn.h>		•			real-time spawn interface
<stropts.h>		•		•	XSI STREAMS interface
<trace.h>					event tracing

POSIX.1 可选接口组和代码

Code	SUS mandatory	Symbolic constant	Description
ADV		_POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO	advisory information (real-time)
AIO		_POSIX_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO	asynchronous input and output (real-time)
BAR		_POSIX_BARRIERS	barriers (real-time)
CPT		_POSIX_CPUTIME	process CPU time clocks (real-time)
CS		_POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION	clock selection (real-time)
CX	•		extension to ISO C standard
FSC	•	_POSIX_FSYNC	file synchronization
IP6		_POSIX_IPV6	IPv6 interfaces
MF	•	_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES	memory-mapped files
ML		_POSIX_MEMLOCK	process memory locking (real-time)
MLR		_POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE	memory range locking (real-time)
MON		_POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK	monotonic clock (real-time)
MPR	•	_POSIX_MEMORY_PROTECTION	memory protection
MSG		_POSIX_MESSAGE_PASSING	message passing (real-time)
MX			IEC 60559 floating-point option
PIO		_POSIX_PRIORITIZED_IO	prioritized input and output
PS		_POSIX_PRIORITIZED_SCHEDULING	process scheduling (real-time)
RS		_POSIX_RAW_SOCKETS	raw sockets
RTS		_POSIX_REALTIME_SIGNALS	real-time signals extension
SEM		_POSIX_SEMAPHORES	semaphores (real-time)
SHM		_POSIX_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS	shared memory objects (real-time)
SIO		_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO	synchronized input and output (real-time)
SPI		_POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS	spin locks (real-time)
SPN		_POSIX_SPAWN	spawn (real-time)
SS		_POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER	process sporadic server (real-time)
TCT		_POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME	thread CPU time clocks (real-time)
TEF		_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER	trace event filter
THR	•	_POSIX_THREADS	threads
TMO		_POSIX_TIMEOUTS	timeouts (real-time)
TMR		_POSIX_TIMERS	timers (real-time)
TPI		_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT	thread priority inheritance (real-time)
TPP		_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT	thread priority protection (real-time)
TPS		_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING	thread execution scheduling (real-time)
TRC		_POSIX_TRACE	trace
TRI		_POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT	trace inherit
TRL		_POSIX_TRACE_LOG	trace log
TSA	•	_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR	thread stack address attribute
TSF	•	_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS	thread-safe functions
TSH	•	_POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED	thread process-shared synchronization
TSP		_POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER	thread sporadic server (real-time)
TSS	•	_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE	thread stack address size
TYM		_POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS	typed memory objects (real-time)
XSI	•	_XOPEN_UNIX	X/Open extended interfaces
XSR		_XOPEN_STREAMS	XSI STREAMS