Android里的多线程编程与java里完全一样,无非要不就是继承Thread类要不就是实现接口Runnable的方式来实现多线程.
实现:点击窗口上的”newThread”按钮,创建一个子线程并分配线程的ID, 每个线程每隔3秒输出0 ~ 9.
界面布局:
/* activity_my.xml */
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.jk.mythread.MyActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_new"
android:layout_width="208dp"
android:layout_height="89dp"
android:text="newThread"
tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="81dp"
tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="63dp" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
/* MyActivity.java */
package com.example.jk.mythread;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btn;
private int threadId;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_my);
threadId = 0;
btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_new);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
MyThread t = new MyThread(threadId++);
t.start();
}
});
}
}
/* MyThread.java */
package com.example.jk.mythread;
public class MyThread extends Thread {
private int id;
public MyThread(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void run(){
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
System.out.printf("thread id = %d : %d\n", id, i);
try {
Thread.sleep(3000); //休眠3秒
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
编译执行程序后,每次点击按钮都会创建出一个子线程,打开”Android Monitor”就可以看到线程里的输出了.
线程与窗口间的消息通信可用android.os.Handler类对象来实现,而Handler对象只能实现单方向的通信(即一方只能接收消息,另一方只能发送消息). 基本用法:
1 消息接收方创建一个Handler对象,并实现它的handleMessage抽像函数:
Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
//这里处理接收到的消息
}
};
2 当发送方通过handler发出消息后, handler的handleMessage函数会自动触发调用,处理接收到的消息.
3 发送方调用handler.obtainMessage(int what, Object obj).sendToTarget();
产生一条消息并发送到接收方. 其中what参数用于区分消息的类型, 参数obj为各种类型的数据.
如实现线程通过Handler发出消息到窗口,窗口接收到消息后把内容输出到EditText对象里.
布局文件:
/* activity_my.xml */
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_new"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="newThread" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="" />
</LinearLayout>
/* MyActivity.java */
package com.example.jk.mythread;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btn;
private int threadId;
private Handler handler;
private EditText editText;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_my);
threadId = 0;
editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText);
btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_new);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
MyThread t = new MyThread(threadId++, handler);
t.start();
}
});
handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
editText.append("threadId " + msg.what + " : " + (String)msg.obj + "\n");
}
};
}
}
/* MyThread.java */
package com.example.jk.mythread;
import android.os.Handler;
public class MyThread extends Thread {
private int id;
private Handler mHandler;
public MyThread(int id, Handler handler) {
this.id = id;
mHandler = handler;
}
public void run(){
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000); //休眠3秒
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mHandler.obtainMessage(id, "num = "+i).sendToTarget();
}
}
}
编译执行程序后, 点击按钮创建线程后, 结果如下图:
如从窗口发送消息到线程,则在线程里创建Handler对象,实现接收消息. 这里需要注意真正属于线程的地方是run函数, 需要在run函数里创建Handler对象,这样才能创建出属于线程的Handler对象. 在线程类的构造函数创建的话也不是属于线程的,因构造函数是在创建线程对象被触发的,线程只有在调用start()后才会启动.
最后还需注意的地方, Handler对象是基于消息循环来接收消息,而一般的线程是不支持消息循环的,只能死循环。所以还需要实现支持消息循环的线程, 方法如下:
//创建一个线程,并实现支持消息循环
new Thread() {
public void run() {
Looper.prepare(); // 消息循环开始处
uhandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
//;
}
};
Looper.loop(); //消息循环体到此为止
}
}.start();
窗口发送消息到线程的例子: 窗口把用户的输入内容通过Handler对象发送到线程里,线程里每隔3秒输出接收到内容.
/* activity_my.xml */
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_send"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="send" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="" />
</LinearLayout>
/* MyActivity.java */
package com.example.jk.mythread;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btn;
private MyThread thread;
private EditText editText;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_my);
thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText);
btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
thread.handler.obtainMessage(0, editText.getText().toString()).sendToTarget();
}
});
}
}
/* MyThread.java */
package com.example.jk.mythread;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyThread extends Thread {
private String str;
public Handler handler;
public MyThread() {
str = "initial string";
}
public void run(){
//创建一个专门处理循环接收消息的线程
new Thread() {
public void run() {
Looper.prepare(); // 消息循环开始处
handler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
str = (String)msg.obj;
}
};
Looper.loop(); //消息循环体到此为止
}
}.start();
//每隔3秒输出str的内容
while (true) {
Log.e("thread", str);
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
Handler一个对象只能单向的通信,如需实现双向通信,则需要两个Handler对象才可以实现.