Requests,BeautifulSoup,自动登录实例

requests

Python标准库中提供了:urllib、urllib2、httplib等模块以供Http请求,但是,它的 API 太渣了。它是为另一个时代、另一个互联网所创建的。它需要巨量的工作,甚至包括各种方法覆盖,来完成最简单的任务。

Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 基于Python开发的HTTP 库,其在Python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装,从而使得Pythoner进行网络请求时,变得美好了许多,使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。

1、GET请求

import requests


####  get方法
head = {
    'a':1,
    'b':2
}
headers={"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.6) ",
  "Accept" : "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
  "Accept-Language" : "en-us",
  "Connection" : "keep-alive",
  "Accept-Charset" : "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7"}

response = requests.get('https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jjjndk1314/article/list/1?', headers=headers)   
# params 对字典进行URL参数格式编码  headers 请求头

response.json()      #直接获取json  相当于执行json.loads(html.text)
print(response.status_code)     #  response.status_code 状态码
print(response.content)        # 返回二进制数据(用于图片视频下载)
print(response.text)          # 返回字符串数据(用于下一步解析)
print(response.url)             # 请求URL
print(response.cookies)             # 返回cookies的键值对
print(response.history)             # 历史
print(response.url)             # 请求URL


2、POST请求

# 1、基本POST实例
### post 方法格式
requests.post(url='https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jjjndk1314/article/list/1?', data=head, headers=headers)

import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print(ret.text)


# 2、发送请求头和数据实例
import requests
import json

url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}

ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print(ret.text)
print(ret.cookies)

3、其他请求


### 1、首先登陆任何页面,获取cookie   requests.Session()自动帮我们处理cookies
session = requests.Session()
i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")


requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs)
requests.post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs)
requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.head(url, **kwargs)
requests.delete(url, **kwargs)
requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.options(url, **kwargs)

# 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建
requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)

4、更多参数

def request(method, url, **kwargs):
    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.

    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
        to add for the file.
    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
    :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data
        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
    :type timeout: float or tuple
    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.
    :type allow_redirects: bool
    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
    :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``.
    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response

    Usage::

      >>> import requests
      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
      <Response [200]>
    """

###### 模块详细使用
        requests

        - 方法关系
            requests.get(.....)
            requests.post(.....)
            requests.put(.....)
            requests.delete(.....)
            ...

            requests.request('POST'...)
        - 参数
            request.request
            - method:  提交方式
            - url:     提交地址
            - params:  在URL中传递的参数,GET 
                requests.request(
                    method='GET',
                    url= 'http://www.oldboyedu.com',
                    params = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
                )
                # http://www.oldboyedu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
            - data:    在请求体里传递的数据

                requests.request(
                    method='POST',
                    url= 'http://www.oldboyedu.com',
                    params = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'},
                    data = {'use':'alex','pwd': '123','x':[11,2,3]}   data形式不能传递嵌套字典
                )

                请求头:
                    content-type: application/url-form-encod.....

                请求体:
                    use=alex&pwd=123


            - json   在请求体里传递的数据
                requests.request(
                    method='POST',
                    url= 'http://www.oldboyedu.com',
                    params = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'},
                    json = {'use':'alex','pwd': '123'}         
                )
                请求头:
                    content-type: application/json

                请求体:
                    "{'use':'alex','pwd': '123'}"

                PS: 字典中嵌套字典时使用json

            - headers   请求头

                requests.request(
                    method='POST',
                    url= 'http://www.oldboyedu.com',
                    params = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'},
                    json = {'use':'alex','pwd': '123'},
                    headers={
                        'Referer': 'http://dig.chouti.com/',
                        'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"
                    }
                )
             - cookies  Cookies



             - files    上传文件

             - auth      基本认知(headers中加入加密的用户名和密码)

             - timeout  请求和响应的超时时间

             - allow_redirects  是否允许重定向

             - proxies  代理

             - verify   是否忽略证书

             - cert      证书文件

             - stream   下大型文件时分段

        - session: 用于保存客户端历史访问信息


#############实例
def param_method_url():
    # requests.request(method='get', url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/')
    # requests.request(method='post', url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/')
    pass


def param_param():
    # - 可以是字典
    # - 可以是字符串
    # - 可以是字节(ascii编码以内)

    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'})

    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params="k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3")

    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=k2&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding='utf8'))

    # 错误
    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding='utf8'))
    pass


def param_data():
    # 可以是字典
    # 可以是字符串
    # 可以是字节
    # 可以是文件对象

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'})

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data="k1=v1; k2=v2; k3=v3; k3=v4"
    # )

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data="k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4",
    # headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    # )

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data=open('data_file.py', mode='r', encoding='utf-8'), # 文件内容是:k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4
    # headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    # )
    pass


def param_json():
    # 将json中对应的数据进行序列化成一个字符串,json.dumps(...)
    # 然后发送到服务器端的body中,并且Content-Type是 {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     json={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'})


def param_headers():
    # 发送请求头到服务器端
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     json={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'},
                     headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
                     )


def param_cookies():
    # 发送Cookie到服务器端
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'},
                     cookies={'cook1': 'value1'},
                     )
    # 也可以使用CookieJar(字典形式就是在此基础上封装)
    from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
    from http.cookiejar import Cookie

    obj = CookieJar()
    obj.set_cookie(Cookie(version=0, name='c1', value='v1', port=None, domain='', path='/', secure=False, expires=None,
                          discard=True, comment=None, comment_url=None, rest={'HttpOnly': None}, rfc2109=False,
                          port_specified=False, domain_specified=False, domain_initial_dot=False, path_specified=False)
                   )
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'},
                     cookies=obj)


def param_files():
    # 发送文件
    # file_dict = {
    # 'f1': open('readme', 'rb')
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # files=file_dict)

    # 发送文件,定制文件名
    # file_dict = {
    # 'f1': ('test.txt', open('readme', 'rb'))
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # files=file_dict)

    # 发送文件,定制文件名
    # file_dict = {
    # 'f1': ('test.txt', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf")
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # files=file_dict)

    # 发送文件,定制文件名
    # file_dict = {
    #     'f1': ('test.txt', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf", 'application/text', {'k1': '0'})
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    #                  url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    #                  files=file_dict)

    pass


def param_auth():
    from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth

    ret = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('wupeiqi', 'sdfasdfasdf'))
    print(ret.text)

    # ret = requests.get('http://192.168.1.1',
    # auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    # ret.encoding = 'gbk'
    # print(ret.text)

    # ret = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/pass', auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass'))
    # print(ret)
    #


def param_timeout():
    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=1)
    # print(ret)

    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=(5, 1))
    # print(ret)
    pass


def param_allow_redirects():
    ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', allow_redirects=False)
    print(ret.text)


def param_proxies():
    # proxies = {
    # "http": "61.172.249.96:80",
    # "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128",
    # }

    # proxies = {'http://10.20.1.128': 'http://10.10.1.10:5323'}

    # ret = requests.get("http://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxies)
    # print(ret.headers)


    # from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
    #
    # proxyDict = {
    # 'http': '77.75.105.165',
    # 'https': '77.75.105.165'
    # }
    # auth = HTTPProxyAuth('username', 'mypassword')
    #
    # r = requests.get("http://www.google.com", proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth)
    # print(r.text)

    pass


def param_stream():
    ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', stream=True)
    print(ret.content)
    ret.close()

    # from contextlib import closing
    # with closing(requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', stream=True)) as r:
    # # 在此处理响应。
    # for i in r.iter_content():
    # print(i)


def requests_session():
    import requests

    session = requests.Session()

    ### 1、首先登陆任何页面,获取cookie

    i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")

    ### 2、用户登陆,携带上一次的cookie,后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权
    i2 = session.post(
        url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
        data={
            'phone': "8615131255089",
            'password': "xxxxxx",
            'oneMonth': ""
        }
    )

    i3 = session.post(
        url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589623",
    )
    print(i3.text)

BeautifulSoup

BeautifulSoup是一个模块,该模块用于接收一个HTML或XML字符串,然后将其进行格式化,之后遍可以使用他提供的方法进行快速查找指定元素,从而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素变得简单。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
asdf
    <div class="title">
        <b>The Dormouse's story总共</b>
        <h1>f</h1>
    </div>
<div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
    <a  class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>,
    <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
    <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div>
ad<br/>sf
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>
</html>
"""

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
# 找到第一个a标签
tag1 = soup.find(name='a')
# 找到所有的a标签
tag2 = soup.find_all(name='a')
# 找到id=link2的标签,select方式同css选择器
tag3 = soup.select('#link2')

安装:

pip install beautifulsoup4

使用示例:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
    ...
</body>
</html>
"""

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")

1.name,标签名称

tag = soup.find('a')
name = tag.name # 获取标签名
print(name)
tag.name = 'span' # 设置
print(soup)

2.attr,标签属性

tag = soup.find('a')
attrs = tag.attrs    # 获取属性以字典返回
print(attrs)
tag.attrs = {'ik':123} # 设置
tag.attrs['id'] = 'iiiii' # 设置
del tag.attr['href']     #删除属性
print(soup)            #被改变

3.children,所有子标签

body = soup.find('body')
v = body.children
#标签和内容
from bs4.element import Tag
tags = soup.find('body').children
for tag in tags:
    if type(tag) == Tag:  #判断是否是标签,文本和换行均为string类型
        print(tag,type(tag))
    else:
        print('文本....')

tags = soup.find('body').descendants      #递归所有子孙
print(list(tags))

4.descendants,所有子子孙孙标签

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.descendants

5.clear,将标签的所有子标签全部清空(保留标签名)

tag = soup.find('body')
tag.clear()
print(soup)

6.decompose,递归的删除所有的标签

body = soup.find('body')
body.decompose()
print(soup)

7.extract,递归的删除所有的标签,并获取删除的标签

body = soup.find('body')
v = body.extract()
print(soup)

8.decode,转换为字符串(含当前标签);decode_contents(不含当前标签)

body = soup.find('body')
v = body.decode()
v = body.decode_contents()
print(v)

9.encode,转换为字节(含当前标签);encode_contents(不含当前标签)

body = soup.find('body')
v = body.encode()
v = body.encode_contents()
print(v)

10.find,获取匹配的第一个标签

tag = soup.find('a')
# 等价于tag = soup.find(name='a')
print(tag)
#recursive是否进行递归查找,True找递归,False仅找儿子一层。
tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie')
#class属性与定义类class冲突,用class_
tag = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie')
print(tag)

11.find_all,获取匹配的所有标签

tags = soup.find_all('a')
tags = soup.find_all(['a','div'])  
print(tags)

tags = soup.find_all('a',limit=1)
print(tags)
tags = soup.find_all(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# # tags = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie')
print(tags)


# ####### 列表 #######
v = soup.find_all(name=['a','div'])  #找到所有a和div标签
print(v)

v = soup.find_all(class_=['sister0', 'sister'])
print(v)

v = soup.find_all(text=['Tillie'])
print(v, type(v[0]))


v = soup.find_all(id=['link1','link2'])
print(v)

v = soup.find_all(href=['link1','link2'])
print(v)

# ####### 正则 #######
import re
rep = re.compile('p')
rep = re.compile('^p')
v = soup.find_all(name=rep)
print(v)

rep = re.compile('sister.*')
v = soup.find_all(class_=rep)
print(v)

 #匹配固定前缀的URL
rep = re.compile('http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*')
v = soup.find_all(href=rep)
print(v)

# ####### 方法筛选 #######
def func(tag):
    return tag.has_attr('class') and tag.has_attr('id')
v = soup.find_all(name=func)
print(v)


## get,获取标签属性
tag = soup.find('a')
v = tag.get('id')
print(v)

12.has_attr,检查标签是否具有该属性

tag = soup.find('a')
v = tag.has_attr('id')
print(v)

13.get_text,获取标签内部文本内容

tag = soup.find('a')
v = tag.get_text
print(v)

14.index,检查标签在某标签中的索引位置

tag = soup.find('body')
v = tag.index(tag.find('div'))
print(v)

tag = soup.find('body')
for i,v in enumerate(tag):
    print(i,v)

15.is_empty_element,是否是空标签(是否可以是空)或者自闭合标签,

判断是否是如下标签:’br’ , ‘hr’, ‘input’, ‘img’, ‘meta’,’spacer’, ‘link’, ‘frame’, ‘base’

tag = soup.find('br')
v = tag.is_empty_element
print(v)

16.当前的关联标签

soup.next     #下一个
soup.next_element   #下一个标签
soup.next_elements   #下面所有标签
soup.next_sibling    #下一个兄弟
soup.next_siblings   #下面所有兄弟

#
tag.previous
tag.previous_element
tag.previous_elements
tag.previous_sibling
tag.previous_siblings

#
tag.parent   #父亲
tag.parents  #祖祖辈辈

17.查找某标签的关联标签

# 参数同find_all
tag.find_next(...)
tag.find_all_next(...)
tag.find_next_sibling(...)
tag.find_next_siblings(...)

tag.find_previous(...)
tag.find_all_previous(...)
tag.find_previous_sibling(...)
tag.find_previous_siblings(...)

tag.find_parent(...)
tag.find_parents(...)

18.select,select_one,使用方式同CSS选择器

soup.select("title")

soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)")

soup.select("body a")

soup.select("html head title")

tag = soup.select("span,a") #span和a

soup.select("head > title")

soup.select("p > a")

soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)")

soup.select("p > #link1")

soup.select("body > a")

soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister")

soup.select("#link1 + .sister")

soup.select(".sister")

soup.select("[class~=sister]")

soup.select("#link1")

soup.select("a#link2")

soup.select('a[href]')

soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]')

soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]')

soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]')

soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]')


from bs4.element import Tag

def default_candidate_generator(tag):
    for child in tag.descendants:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if not child.has_attr('href'):
            continue
        yield child

tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator)
print(type(tags), tags)

from bs4.element import Tag
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
    for child in tag.descendants:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if not child.has_attr('href'):
            continue
        yield child

tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1)
print(type(tags), tags)

19.标签的内容

tag = soup.find('span')
print(tag.string)          # 获取文本内容,类似text但是可以修改内容
tag.string = 'new content' # 设置
print(soup)

tag = soup.find('body')
print(tag.string)
tag.string = 'xxx'
print(soup)

tag = soup.find('body')
v = tag.stripped_strings  # 递归内部获取所有标签的文本
print(v)

20.append在当前标签内部追加一个标签

##把找到的剪切加到指定位置
tag = soup.find('body')
tag.append(soup.find('a'))
print(soup)

#新建标签再添加
from bs4.element import Tag
obj = Tag(name='i',attrs={'id': 'it'})
obj.string = '我是一个新来的'
tag = soup.find('body')
tag.append(obj)
print(soup)

21.insert在当前标签内部指定位置插入一个标签

from bs4.element import Tag
obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
obj.string = '我是一个新来的'
tag = soup.find('body')
tag.insert(2, obj)
print(soup)

22.insert_after,insert_before 在当前标签后面或前面插入

from bs4.element import Tag
obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
obj.string = '我是一个新来的'
tag = soup.find('body')
tag.insert_before(obj)
tag.insert_after(obj)
print(soup)

23.replace_with 在当前标签替换为指定标签

from bs4.element import Tag
obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
obj.string = '我是一个新来的'
tag = soup.find('div')
tag.replace_with(obj)
print(soup)

24.创建标签之间的关系

tag = soup.find('div')
a = soup.find('a')
tag.setup(previous_sibling=a)
print(tag.previous_sibling)

25.wrap,将指定标签把当前标签包裹起来

from bs4.element import Tag
obj1 = Tag(name='div', attrs={'id': 'it'})
obj1.string = '我是一个新来的'
#
tag = soup.find('a')
v = tag.wrap(obj1)
print(soup)

tag = soup.find('a')
v = tag.wrap(soup.find('p'))
print(soup)

26.unwrap,去掉当前标签,将保留其包裹的标签

tag = soup.find('a')
v = tag.unwrap()
print(soup)

“自动登陆”示例

抽屉:http://dig.chouti.com/help/service

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests


# ############## 方式一 ##############
"""
# ## 1、首先登陆任何页面,获取cookie
i1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")
i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict()

# ## 2、用户登陆,携带上一次的cookie,后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权
i2 = requests.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
    data={
        'phone': "8615131255089",
        'password': "xxooxxoo",
        'oneMonth': ""
    },
    cookies=i1_cookies
)

## 3、点赞(只需要携带已经被授权的gpsd即可)
gpsd = i1_cookies['gpsd']
i3 = requests.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523",
    cookies={'gpsd': gpsd}
)

print(i3.text)
"""


# ############## 方式二 ##############
"""
import requests

session = requests.Session()
i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")
i2 = session.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
    data={
        'phone': "8615131255089",
        'password': "xxooxxoo",
        'oneMonth': ""
    }
)
i3 = session.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523"
)
print(i3.text)

"""

github:https://github.com/login

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# ############## 方式一 ##############
#
# # 1. 访问登陆页面,获取 authenticity_token
# i1 = requests.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息,发送用户验证
# form_data = {
# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
#     "utf8": "",
#     "commit": "Sign in",
#     "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
#     'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = requests.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data, cookies=c1)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = requests.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories', cookies=c1)
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
#     if isinstance(child, Tag):
#         project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
#         size_tag = child.find(name='small')
#         temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
#         print(temp)



# ############## 方式二 ##############
# session = requests.Session()
# # 1. 访问登陆页面,获取 authenticity_token
# i1 = session.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息,发送用户验证
# form_data = {
#     "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
#     "utf8": "",
#     "commit": "Sign in",
#     "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
#     'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = session.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = session.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories')
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
#     if isinstance(child, Tag):
#         project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
#         size_tag = child.find(name='small')
#         temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
#         print(temp)

知乎:https://www.zhihu.com/#signin

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

session = requests.Session()

i1 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, 'lxml')
xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': '_xsrf'})
xsrf = xsrf_tag.get('value')

current_time = time.time()
i2 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif',
    params={'r': current_time, 'type': 'login'},
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    })

with open('zhihu.gif', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(i2.content)

captcha = input('请打开zhihu.gif文件,查看并输入验证码:')
form_data = {
    "_xsrf": xsrf,
    'password': 'xxooxxoo',
    "captcha": 'captcha',
    'email': '424662508@qq.com'
}
i3 = session.post(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/email',
    data=form_data,
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

i4 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, 'lxml')
tag = soup4.find(id='rename-section')
nick_name = tag.find('span',class_='name').string
print(nick_name)

博客园

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import json
import base64

import rsa
import requests


def js_encrypt(text):
    b64der = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB'
    der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der)

    pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der)
    v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, 'utf8'), pk)
    value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b'\n', b'')
    value = value.decode('utf8')

    return value


session = requests.Session()

i1 = session.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin')
rep = re.compile("'VerificationToken': '(.*)'")
v = re.search(rep, i1.text)
verification_token = v.group(1)

form_data = {
    'input1': js_encrypt('wptawy'),
    'input2': js_encrypt('asdfasdf'),
    'remember': False
}

i2 = session.post(url='https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin',
                  data=json.dumps(form_data),
                  headers={
                      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
                      'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                      'VerificationToken': verification_token}
                  )

i3 = session.get(url='https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx')

print(i3.text)
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