stdint.h头文件是什么,里面的内容有什么

stdint.h头文件是什么,里面的内容有什么

一,是什么

stdint.h是c99中引进的一个标准C库的头文件.

二、干什么

stdint.h中定义了一些整数类型,规则如下(其中N可以为8,16,32,64)
intN_t, int_leastN_t, int_fastN_t表示长度为N位的整型数;
uintN_t, uint_leastN_t, uint_fastN_t表示长度为N位的无符号整型数 ;
stdint.h中的常量,定义以上各类型数的最大最小值(其中N可以为8,16,32,64)
INTN_MIN, UINTN_MIN, INTN_MAX, UINTN_MAX ;
INT_LEASEN_MIN, INT_LEASEN_MAX ;
INT_FASTN_MIN, INT_FASTN_MAX ;
以上类型的C++类型定义等

三、大数输出

int64_t数的输出:%lld ;
uint64_t数的输出:%llu ;
uint64_t数十六进制输出:%llx ;
uint64_t数八进制输出:%llo ;

按照posix标准,一般整型对应的*_t类型为:
1字节 uint8_t
2字节 uint16_t
4字节 uint32_t
8字节 uint64_t

四、内容

方式①

/* Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.

The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. */

/*
* ISO C99: 7.18 Integer types <stdint.h>
*/

#ifndef _STDINT_H
#define _STDINT_H   1

#include <features.h>
#include <bits/wchar.h>
#include <bits/wordsize.h>

/* Exact integral types. */

/* Signed. */

/* There is some amount of overlap with <sys/types.h> as known by inet code */
#ifndef __int8_t_defined
# define __int8_t_defined
typedef signed char     int8_t;
typedef short int       int16_t;
typedef int         int32_t;
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int        int64_t;
# else
__extension__
typedef long long int       int64_t;
# endif
#endif

/* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char       uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short int uint16_t;
#ifndef __uint32_t_defined
typedef unsigned int        uint32_t;
# define __uint32_t_defined
#endif
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int   uint64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint64_t;
#endif


/* Small types. */

/* Signed. */
typedef signed char     int_least8_t;
typedef short int       int_least16_t;
typedef int         int_least32_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int        int_least64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef long long int       int_least64_t;
#endif

/* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char       uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned short int uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned int        uint_least32_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int   uint_least64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint_least64_t;
#endif


/* Fast types. */

/* Signed. */
typedef signed char     int_fast8_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int        int_fast16_t;
typedef long int        int_fast32_t;
typedef long int        int_fast64_t;
#else
typedef int         int_fast16_t;
typedef int         int_fast32_t;
__extension__
typedef long long int       int_fast64_t;
#endif

/* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char       uint_fast8_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int   uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned long int   uint_fast32_t;
typedef unsigned long int   uint_fast64_t;
#else
typedef unsigned int        uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned int        uint_fast32_t;
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint_fast64_t;
#endif


/* Types for `void *' pointers. */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
# ifndef __intptr_t_defined
typedef long int        intptr_t;
# define __intptr_t_defined
# endif
typedef unsigned long int   uintptr_t;
#else
# ifndef __intptr_t_defined
typedef int         intptr_t;
# define __intptr_t_defined
# endif
typedef unsigned int        uintptr_t;
#endif


/* Largest integral types. */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int        intmax_t;
typedef unsigned long int   uintmax_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef long long int       intmax_t;
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uintmax_t;
#endif


/* The ISO C99 standard specifies that in C++ implementations these
macros should only be defined if explicitly requested. */
#if !defined __cplusplus || defined __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS

# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define __INT64_C(c) c ## L
# define __UINT64_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define __INT64_C(c) c ## LL
# define __UINT64_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif

/* Limits of integral types. */

/* Minimum of signed integral types. */
# define INT8_MIN       (-128)
# define INT16_MIN      (-32767-1)
# define INT32_MIN      (-2147483647-1)
# define INT64_MIN      (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of signed integral types. */
# define INT8_MAX       (127)
# define INT16_MAX      (32767)
# define INT32_MAX      (2147483647)
# define INT64_MAX      (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))

/* Maximum of unsigned integral types. */
# define UINT8_MAX      (255)
# define UINT16_MAX     (65535)
# define UINT32_MAX     (4294967295U)
# define UINT64_MAX     (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))


/* Minimum of signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_LEAST8_MIN     (-128)
# define INT_LEAST16_MIN    (-32767-1)
# define INT_LEAST32_MIN    (-2147483647-1)
# define INT_LEAST64_MIN    (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_LEAST8_MAX     (127)
# define INT_LEAST16_MAX    (32767)
# define INT_LEAST32_MAX    (2147483647)
# define INT_LEAST64_MAX    (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))

/* Maximum of unsigned integral types having a minimum size. */
# define UINT_LEAST8_MAX    (255)
# define UINT_LEAST16_MAX   (65535)
# define UINT_LEAST32_MAX   (4294967295U)
# define UINT_LEAST64_MAX   (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))


/* Minimum of fast signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_FAST8_MIN      (-128)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT_FAST16_MIN    (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define INT_FAST32_MIN    (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# else
# define INT_FAST16_MIN    (-2147483647-1)
# define INT_FAST32_MIN    (-2147483647-1)
# endif
# define INT_FAST64_MIN     (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of fast signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_FAST8_MAX      (127)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT_FAST16_MAX    (9223372036854775807L)
# define INT_FAST32_MAX    (9223372036854775807L)
# else
# define INT_FAST16_MAX    (2147483647)
# define INT_FAST32_MAX    (2147483647)
# endif
# define INT_FAST64_MAX     (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))

/* Maximum of fast unsigned integral types having a minimum size. */
# define UINT_FAST8_MAX     (255)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define UINT_FAST16_MAX   (18446744073709551615UL)
# define UINT_FAST32_MAX   (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define UINT_FAST16_MAX   (4294967295U)
# define UINT_FAST32_MAX   (4294967295U)
# endif
# define UINT_FAST64_MAX    (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))


/* Values to test for integral types holding `void *' pointer. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INTPTR_MIN        (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define INTPTR_MAX        (9223372036854775807L)
# define UINTPTR_MAX       (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define INTPTR_MIN        (-2147483647-1)
# define INTPTR_MAX        (2147483647)
# define UINTPTR_MAX       (4294967295U)
# endif


/* Minimum for largest signed integral type. */
# define INTMAX_MIN     (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum for largest signed integral type. */
# define INTMAX_MAX     (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807))

/* Maximum for largest unsigned integral type. */
# define UINTMAX_MAX        (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615))


/* Limits of other integer types. */

/* Limits of `ptrdiff_t' type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define PTRDIFF_MIN       (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define PTRDIFF_MAX       (9223372036854775807L)
# else
# define PTRDIFF_MIN       (-2147483647-1)
# define PTRDIFF_MAX       (2147483647)
# endif

/* Limits of `sig_atomic_t'. */
# define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN     (-2147483647-1)
# define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX     (2147483647)

/* Limit of `size_t' type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define SIZE_MAX      (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define SIZE_MAX      (4294967295U)
# endif

/* Limits of `wchar_t'. */
# ifndef WCHAR_MIN
/* These constants might also be defined in <wchar.h>. */
# define WCHAR_MIN     __WCHAR_MIN
# define WCHAR_MAX     __WCHAR_MAX
# endif

/* Limits of `wint_t'. */
# define WINT_MIN       (0u)
# define WINT_MAX       (4294967295u)

#endif /* C++ && limit macros */


/* The ISO C99 standard specifies that in C++ implementations these
should only be defined if explicitly requested. */
#if !defined __cplusplus || defined __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS

/* Signed. */
# define INT8_C(c) c
# define INT16_C(c) c
# define INT32_C(c) c
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT64_C(c)    c ## L
# else
# define INT64_C(c)    c ## LL
# endif

/* Unsigned. */
# define UINT8_C(c) c ## U
# define UINT16_C(c)    c ## U
# define UINT32_C(c)    c ## U
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define UINT64_C(c)   c ## UL
# else
# define UINT64_C(c)   c ## ULL
# endif

/* Maximal type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INTMAX_C(c)   c ## L
# define UINTMAX_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define INTMAX_C(c)   c ## LL
# define UINTMAX_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif

#endif /* C++ && constant macros */

#endif /* stdint.h */

方式②

/* Copyright (C) ARM Ltd., 1999 */
/* All rights reserved */

/*
 * RCS $Revision: 180721 $
 * Checkin $Date: 2013-06-24 09:41:57 +0100 (Mon, 24 Jun 2013) $
 * Revising $Author: agrant $
 */

#ifndef __stdint_h
#define __stdint_h
#define __ARMCLIB_VERSION 5040049

/*
 * Depending on compiler version __int64 or __INT64_TYPE__ should be defined.
 */
#ifndef __int64
  #ifdef __INT64_TYPE__
    #define __int64 __INT64_TYPE__
  #endif
  /* On some architectures neither of these may be defined - if so, fall
     through and error out if used. */
#endif

  #ifndef __STDINT_DECLS
  #define __STDINT_DECLS

    #undef __CLIBNS

    #ifdef __cplusplus
      namespace std {
          #define __CLIBNS std::
          extern "C" {
    #else
      #define __CLIBNS
    #endif  /* __cplusplus */


/*
 * 'signed' is redundant below, except for 'signed char' and if
 * the typedef is used to declare a bitfield.
 * '__int64' is used instead of 'long long' so that this header
 * can be used in --strict mode.
 */

    /* 7.18.1.1 */

    /* exact-width signed integer types */
typedef   signed          char int8_t;
typedef   signed short     int int16_t;
typedef   signed           int int32_t;
typedef   signed       __int64 int64_t;

    /* exact-width unsigned integer types */
typedef unsigned          char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short     int uint16_t;
typedef unsigned           int uint32_t;
typedef unsigned       __int64 uint64_t;

    /* 7.18.1.2 */

    /* smallest type of at least n bits */
    /* minimum-width signed integer types */
typedef   signed          char int_least8_t;
typedef   signed short     int int_least16_t;
typedef   signed           int int_least32_t;
typedef   signed       __int64 int_least64_t;

    /* minimum-width unsigned integer types */
typedef unsigned          char uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned short     int uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned           int uint_least32_t;
typedef unsigned       __int64 uint_least64_t;

    /* 7.18.1.3 */

    /* fastest minimum-width signed integer types */
typedef   signed           int int_fast8_t;
typedef   signed           int int_fast16_t;
typedef   signed           int int_fast32_t;
typedef   signed       __int64 int_fast64_t;

    /* fastest minimum-width unsigned integer types */
typedef unsigned           int uint_fast8_t;
typedef unsigned           int uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned           int uint_fast32_t;
typedef unsigned       __int64 uint_fast64_t;

    /* 7.18.1.4 integer types capable of holding object pointers */
typedef   signed           int intptr_t;
typedef unsigned           int uintptr_t;

    /* 7.18.1.5 greatest-width integer types */
typedef   signed       __int64 intmax_t;
typedef unsigned       __int64 uintmax_t;


#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS)

    /* 7.18.2.1 */

    /* minimum values of exact-width signed integer types */
#define INT8_MIN                   -128
#define INT16_MIN                -32768
#define INT32_MIN          (~0x7fffffff)   /* -2147483648 is unsigned */
#define INT64_MIN  __ESCAPE__(~0x7fffffffffffffffll) /* -9223372036854775808 is unsigned */

    /* maximum values of exact-width signed integer types */
#define INT8_MAX                    127
#define INT16_MAX                 32767
#define INT32_MAX            2147483647
#define INT64_MAX  __ESCAPE__(9223372036854775807ll)

    /* maximum values of exact-width unsigned integer types */
#define UINT8_MAX                   255
#define UINT16_MAX                65535
#define UINT32_MAX           4294967295u
#define UINT64_MAX __ESCAPE__(18446744073709551615ull)

    /* 7.18.2.2 */

    /* minimum values of minimum-width signed integer types */
#define INT_LEAST8_MIN                   -128
#define INT_LEAST16_MIN                -32768
#define INT_LEAST32_MIN          (~0x7fffffff)
#define INT_LEAST64_MIN  __ESCAPE__(~0x7fffffffffffffffll)

    /* maximum values of minimum-width signed integer types */
#define INT_LEAST8_MAX                    127
#define INT_LEAST16_MAX                 32767
#define INT_LEAST32_MAX            2147483647
#define INT_LEAST64_MAX  __ESCAPE__(9223372036854775807ll)

    /* maximum values of minimum-width unsigned integer types */
#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX                   255
#define UINT_LEAST16_MAX                65535
#define UINT_LEAST32_MAX           4294967295u
#define UINT_LEAST64_MAX __ESCAPE__(18446744073709551615ull)

    /* 7.18.2.3 */

    /* minimum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer types */
#define INT_FAST8_MIN           (~0x7fffffff)
#define INT_FAST16_MIN          (~0x7fffffff)
#define INT_FAST32_MIN          (~0x7fffffff)
#define INT_FAST64_MIN  __ESCAPE__(~0x7fffffffffffffffll)

    /* maximum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer types */
#define INT_FAST8_MAX             2147483647
#define INT_FAST16_MAX            2147483647
#define INT_FAST32_MAX            2147483647
#define INT_FAST64_MAX  __ESCAPE__(9223372036854775807ll)

    /* maximum values of fastest minimum-width unsigned integer types */
#define UINT_FAST8_MAX            4294967295u
#define UINT_FAST16_MAX           4294967295u
#define UINT_FAST32_MAX           4294967295u
#define UINT_FAST64_MAX __ESCAPE__(18446744073709551615ull)

    /* 7.18.2.4 */

    /* minimum value of pointer-holding signed integer type */
#define INTPTR_MIN (~0x7fffffff)

    /* maximum value of pointer-holding signed integer type */
#define INTPTR_MAX   2147483647

    /* maximum value of pointer-holding unsigned integer type */
#define UINTPTR_MAX  4294967295u

    /* 7.18.2.5 */

    /* minimum value of greatest-width signed integer type */
#define INTMAX_MIN  __ESCAPE__(~0x7fffffffffffffffll)

    /* maximum value of greatest-width signed integer type */
#define INTMAX_MAX  __ESCAPE__(9223372036854775807ll)

    /* maximum value of greatest-width unsigned integer type */
#define UINTMAX_MAX __ESCAPE__(18446744073709551615ull)

    /* 7.18.3 */

    /* limits of ptrdiff_t */
#define PTRDIFF_MIN (~0x7fffffff)
#define PTRDIFF_MAX   2147483647

    /* limits of sig_atomic_t */
#define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN (~0x7fffffff)
#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX   2147483647

    /* limit of size_t */
#define SIZE_MAX 4294967295u

    /* limits of wchar_t */
    /* NB we have to undef and redef because they're defined in both
     * stdint.h and wchar.h */
#undef WCHAR_MIN
#undef WCHAR_MAX

#if defined(__WCHAR32) || (defined(__ARM_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T) && __ARM_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 4)
  #define WCHAR_MIN   0
  #define WCHAR_MAX   0xffffffffU
#else
  #define WCHAR_MIN   0
  #define WCHAR_MAX   65535
#endif

    /* limits of wint_t */
#define WINT_MIN (~0x7fffffff)
#define WINT_MAX 2147483647

#endif /* __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS */

#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS)

    /* 7.18.4.1 macros for minimum-width integer constants */
#define INT8_C(x)   (x)
#define INT16_C(x)  (x)
#define INT32_C(x)  (x)
#define INT64_C(x)  __ESCAPE__(x ## ll)

#define UINT8_C(x)  (x ## u)
#define UINT16_C(x) (x ## u)
#define UINT32_C(x) (x ## u)
#define UINT64_C(x) __ESCAPE__(x ## ull)

    /* 7.18.4.2 macros for greatest-width integer constants */
#define INTMAX_C(x)  __ESCAPE__(x ## ll)
#define UINTMAX_C(x) __ESCAPE__(x ## ull)

#endif /* __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS */

    #ifdef __cplusplus
         }  /* extern "C" */
      }  /* namespace std */
    #endif /* __cplusplus */
  #endif /* __STDINT_DECLS */

  #ifdef __cplusplus
    #ifndef __STDINT_NO_EXPORTS
      using ::std::int8_t;
      using ::std::int16_t;
      using ::std::int32_t;
      using ::std::int64_t;
      using ::std::uint8_t;
      using ::std::uint16_t;
      using ::std::uint32_t;
      using ::std::uint64_t;
      using ::std::int_least8_t;
      using ::std::int_least16_t;
      using ::std::int_least32_t;
      using ::std::int_least64_t;
      using ::std::uint_least8_t;
      using ::std::uint_least16_t;
      using ::std::uint_least32_t;
      using ::std::uint_least64_t;
      using ::std::int_fast8_t;
      using ::std::int_fast16_t;
      using ::std::int_fast32_t;
      using ::std::int_fast64_t;
      using ::std::uint_fast8_t;
      using ::std::uint_fast16_t;
      using ::std::uint_fast32_t;
      using ::std::uint_fast64_t;
      using ::std::intptr_t;
      using ::std::uintptr_t;
      using ::std::intmax_t;
      using ::std::uintmax_t;
    #endif 
  #endif /* __cplusplus */

#endif /* __stdint_h */

/* end of stdint.h */



<think>好的,我现在需要回答用户关于stdint.h头文件和它在哪个静态库.a文件中的问题。首先,我应该确认自己对stdint.h的了解是否正确。stdint.h是C语言的标准头文件,用于定义固定宽度的整数类型,比如int8_t、uint32_t等,这样程序员可以明确指定变量的位数,提高代码的可移植性。 接下来用户问这个头文件属于哪个静态库文件。这里可能需要解释头文件和库文件的关系。头文件.h)主要包含声明,而库文件(.a或.so)包含实际的二进制代码实现。stdint.h通常是编译器提供的标准库的一部分,属于C标准库(如glibc或musl)。但静态库.a文件一般不会直接包含头文件头文件在编译时使用,而库在链接时使用。 需要确认在常见的编译环境中,stdint.h的位置。例如,在GCC中,这个头文件通常在/usr/include目录下,而对应的标准库实现可能在不同的.a文件中,比如libc.a。但不同的平台可能位置不同,比如嵌入式系统可能路径不同。用户可能需要通过find命令或者询问编译器来定位。 另外,可能需要指出,stdint.h的内容由编译器实现,而不是在单独的静态库中。例如,GCC内置支持这些头文件,而具体的实现可能分散在多个目标文件中,这些目标文件被打包到libc.a中。因此,用户不需要显式链接特定的库来使用stdint.h,因为编译器会自动处理。 还要考虑用户可能的误解,认为头文件需要对应的静态库,但实际头文件声明的内容可能在多个库文件中实现,或者由编译器内置支持。因此,正确的回答应该解释头文件和库的关系,说明stdint.h属于标准库的一部分,而对应的静态库通常是libc.a,但具体位置因系统和编译器而异,并指导用户如何查找。</think>stdint.h 是 C 语言标准库中用于定义固定宽度整数类型的头文件。以下分步说明其作用及与静态库的关系: 1. **核心作用** - 提供跨平台统一的整数类型定义,如:`int8_t`、`uint32_t` 等 - 确保代码在不同硬件/编译器环境中行为一致 - 符合 C99 及后续标准规范 2. **头文件与静态库的关系** - `.h` 文件仅包含类型声明和宏定义(无具体实现) - 实际实现代码在编译器的 **C 标准库**中 - 静态库文件通常为 `libc.a`(GNU/Linux)或 `libc.lib`(Windows) 3. **定位路径** - **头文件位置**: - Linux: `/usr/include/stdint.h` - macOS: `/usr/include/stdint.h` 或 Xcode SDK 路径 - Windows: MinGW/MSYS 的 `include` 目录 - **静态库位置**: - Linux: `/usr/lib/libc.a` 或编译器专用路径(如 GCC 的 `lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/版本号/`) - 可通过命令查找:`find /usr/lib -name "libc.a"` 4. **验证方法** - 编译时添加 `-v` 参数查看头文件搜索路径: ```bash gcc -E -v - ``` - 查看链接库依赖: ```bash ldd 你的可执行文件 | grep libc ``` 5. **特殊场景说明** - 嵌入式开发中可能需要自行实现 `stdint.h` - 部分编译器(如 Keil、IAR)会提供定制版本 - C++ 中对应 `<cstdint>`,但实现仍依赖 C 标准库 **总结**:`stdint.h` 是标准头文件,其实现内置于编译器的 C 标准库(通常为 `libc.a`),开发者无需手动链接特定库即可使用。
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