2009年3月开发语言排行榜

前三名顺序没有变化但百分比都有所增长，值得一提的是PHP由第5上升到第4，而且增长势头很猛，可以看出PHP的确深入人心，相信PHP未来的趋势依然飙升

TIOBE Programming Community Index for March 2009

March Headline: All time high for JavaScript, all time low for Perl

The TIOBE Programming Community index gives an indication of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. The popular search engines Google, MSN, Yahoo!, and YouTube are used to calculate the ratings. Observe that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.

The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.

Position Mar 2009	Position Mar 2008	Delta in Position	Programming Language	Ratings Mar 2009	Delta Mar 2008	Status
1	1		Java	19.797%	-1.69%	A
2	2		C	15.862%	+1.00%	A
3	5		C++	10.357%	+1.08%	A
4	4		PHP	9.485%	-0.41%	A
5	3		(Visual) Basic	8.285%	-3.32%	A
6	7		Python	5.185%	+0.42%	A
7	8		C#	4.321%	-0.19%	A
8	10		JavaScript	3.607%	+1.27%	A
9	6		Perl	3.419%	-2.79%	A
10	9		Delphi	2.710%	-0.09%	A
11	11		Ruby	2.601%	+0.74%	A
12	12		D	1.809%	+0.62%	A
13	13		PL/SQL	1.042%	+0.06%	A
14	22		Logo	0.964%	+0.65%	A-
15	14		SAS	0.796%	-0.15%	A
16	17		Pascal	0.733%	+0.29%	A--
17	29		ABAP	0.638%	+0.49%	B
18	26		RPG (OS/400)	0.585%	+0.41%	B
19	21		ActionScript	0.481%	+0.17%	B
20	18		Lua	0.480%	+0.09%	B

 

Long term trends

The long term trends for the top 10 programming languages can be found in the line diagram below.

 

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Other programming languages

The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at tpci@tiobe.com.

Position	Programming Language	Ratings
21	COBOL	0.464%
22	MATLAB	0.458%
23	Lisp/Scheme	0.452%
24	Falcon	0.434%
25	FoxPro/xBase	0.417%
26	Ada	0.336%
27	Fortran	0.323%
28	LabVIEW	0.233%
29	PowerShell	0.227%
30	Prolog	0.213%
31	Erlang	0.194%
32	Objective-C	0.177%
33	Scratch	0.174%
34	Haskell	0.167%
35	Scala	0.165%
36	Transact-SQL	0.165%
37	ML	0.159%
38	Alice	0.150%
39	Awk	0.148%
40	NXT-G	0.148%
41	Focus	0.143%
42	Groovy	0.134%
43	Euphoria	0.129%
44	Smalltalk	0.128%
45	Progress	0.123%
46	Bourne shell	0.121%
47	CL (OS/400)	0.108%
48	Tcl/Tk	0.108%
49	Forth	0.106%
50	Q	0.104%

 

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The Next 50 Programming Languages

The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).

 

• ABC, AD, Algol, Alpha, APL, Applescript, bc, Beta, Boo, C shell, Caml/F#, cg, Clean, Clojure, cT, Curl, Dylan, Eiffel, Factor, Icon, IDL, Inform, Io, J, Lingo, MAD, Magic, Maple, Mathematica, MAX/MSP, MOO, MUMPS, Natural, Occam, Oz, PILOT, PL/I, Postscript, PowerBuilder, R, REALbasic, Revolution, REXX, SIGNAL, SPSS, SuperCollider, VBScript, Verilog, VHDL, XSLT

 

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March Newsflash - Brought to you by Paul Jansen

• This month the following changes have been made to the index:
  • The query for RPG (OS/400) has been extended with -role to avoid hits for "Role Playing Game" (thanks to Lars Sonchocky-Helldorf).
  • The query for CH has been extended with +ChScite because Google returns too many false positives for +"CH programming".
• To see the bigger picture, please find the 5 years delta in the table below.
  
  

  Position Mar 2009	Position Mar 2004	Delta in Position	Programming Language	Ratings Mar 2009	Delta Mar 2004
  1	1		Java	19.797%	-3.38%
  2	2		C	15.862%	-3.07%
  3	3		C++	10.357%	-4.14%
  4	6		PHP	9.485%	+1.85%
  5	5		(Visual) Basic	8.285%	-0.07%
  6	9		Python	5.185%	+4.17%
  7	7		C#	4.321%	+2.08%
  8	8		JavaScript	3.607%	+1.54%
  9	4		Perl	3.419%	-6.97%
  10	10		Delphi	2.710%	+1.92%
  11	24		Ruby	2.601%	+2.44%

• The winners of the "Language of the Year" award are shown below.
  
  

  Year	Winner
  2008	C
  2007	Python
  2006	Ruby
  2005	Java
  2004	PHP
  2003	C++

• In the tables below some long term trends are listed about categories of languages. The object-oriented paradigm is still very high with 55.9%. The popularity of dynamically typed languages seems to stabilize (see trend diagram below).
  
  

  Category	Ratings March 2009	Delta March 2008
  Object-Oriented Languages	55.9%	+1.2%
  Procedural Languages	39.7%	-2.9%
  Functional Languages	3.3%	+1.5%
  Logical Languages	1.1%	+0.1%

  
  
  

  Category	Ratings March 2009	Delta March 2008
  Statically Typed Languages	59.2%	+2.2%
  Dynamically Typed Languages	40.8%	-2.2%

   

  

 

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Frequently Asked Questions

• Q: What definition of programming languages has been used?
  
  

  A: A language is considered a programming language if it is Turing complete. As a consequence, HTML and XML are not considered programming languages. This also holds for data query language SQL. SQL is not a programming language because it is, for instance, impossible to write an infinite loop in it. On the other hand, SQL extensions PL/SQL and Transact-SQL are programming languages. ASP and ASP.NET are also not programming languages because they make use of other languages such as JavaScript and VBScript or .NET compatible languages. The same is true for frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, Cocoa, and technologies such as AJAX. Finally, we have also excluded assembly languages, although Turing complete, because they have a very different nature.

• Q: How are dialects of languages grouped?

  A: Some languages are grouped together because they are very similar to each other. An example is the language entry Basic which covers Visual Basic, QBasic, Microsoft Basic, etc. VB.NET has been added as well to the Visual Basic entry because it is often referred to as Visual Basic. The ratings for a collection of languages is calculated by taking the maximum of all individual entries (not its sum!).

• Q: Am I allowed to show the TIOBE index in my weblog/presentation/publication?

  A: This is OK provided that you refer to its original source: www.tiobe.com.

• Q: I would like to have the complete data set of the TIOBE index. Is this possible?

  A: We spent a lot of effort to obtain all the data and keep the TIOBE index up to date. In order to compensate a bit for this, we ask a fee of 1,500 US$ for the complete data set. This might seem a lot of money but it is considered strategic data. The data set runs from June 2001 till today. It started with 25 languages back in 2001, and now measures more than 150 languages at least 10 times per month. The data are availabe in comma separated format. Part of the deal is that new data will be send to you for 1 extra year. Please contact sales@tiobe.com for more information.

• Q: What happened to Java in April 2004? Did you change your methodology?

  A: No, we did not change our methodology at that time. Google changed its methodology. They performed a general sweep action to get rid of all kinds of web sites that had been pushed up. As a consequence, there was a huge drop for languages such as Java and C++. In order to minimize such fluctuations in the future, we added two more search engines (MSN and Yahoo) a few months after this incident.

• Q: Why is YouTube used as a search engine for the TIOBE index?

  A: First of all, YouTube counts only for 7% of all ratings, so it has hardly any influence on the index. YouTube has been added as an experiment. It qualified for the TIOBE index because of its high ranking on Alexa. YouTube is a young platform (so an indicator for popularity) and there are quite some lectures, presentations, programming tips and language introductions available on YouTube.