iOS 蓝牙开发 app作为外设被连接的实现(三)

本文详细介绍了如何在iOS应用中通过Bluetooth LE技术发布一个Peripheral,包括配置PeripheralManager、创建服务及特性、启动广播等关键步骤,并阐述了如何响应来自Central设备的请求。

转载自点击打开链接

再上一节说了app作为central连接peripheral的情况,这一节介绍如何使用app发布一个peripheral,给其他的central连接

还是这张图,central模式用的都是左边的类,而peripheral模式用的是右边的类

peripheral模式的流程


1. 打开peripheralManager,设置peripheralManager的委托
2. 创建characteristics,characteristics的description 创建service,把characteristics添加到service中,再把service添加到peripheralManager中
3. 开启广播advertising
4. 对central的操作进行响应
    - 4.1 读characteristics请求
    - 4.2 写characteristics请求
    - 4.4 订阅和取消订阅characteristics

准备环境

  1 xcode
  2 开发证书和手机(蓝牙程序需要使用使用真机调试,使用模拟器也可以调试,但是方法很蛋疼,我会放在最后说),如果不行可以使用osx程序调试
  3 蓝牙外设

实现步骤

1. 打开peripheralManager,设置peripheralManager的委托

设置当前ViewController实现CBPeripheralManagerDelegate委托


    @interface BePeripheralViewController : UIViewController<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>

初始化peripheralManager


     /*
     和CBCentralManager类似,蓝牙设备打开需要一定时间,打开成功后会进入委托方法
     - (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;
     模拟器永远也不会得CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn状态
     */
    peripheralManager = [[CBPeripheralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];

2. 创建characteristics,characteristics的description ,创建service,把characteristics添加到service中,再把service添加到peripheralManager中

在委托方法 - (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral中,当peripheral成功打开后,才可以配置service和characteristics。这里创建的service和chara对象是CBMutableCharacteristic和CBMutableService。他们的区别就像NSArray和NSMutableArray区别类似。我们先创建characteristics和description,description是characteristics的描述,描述分很多种,这里不细说了,常用的就是CBUUIDCharacteristicUserDescriptionString。


//peripheralManager状态改变
- (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral{
    switch (peripheral.state) {
            //在这里判断蓝牙设别的状态  当开启了则可调用  setUp方法(自定义)
        case CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            NSLog(@"powered on");
            [info setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"设备名%@已经打开,可以使用center进行连接",LocalNameKey]];
            [self setUp];
            break;
        case CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOff:
            NSLog(@"powered off");
            [info setText:@"powered off"];
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


 //配置bluetooch的
 -(void)setUp{

        //characteristics字段描述
        CBUUID *CBUUIDCharacteristicUserDescriptionStringUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:CBUUIDCharacteristicUserDescriptionString];

        /*
         可以通知的Characteristic
         properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify
         permissions CBAttributePermissionsReadable
         */
        CBMutableCharacteristic *notiyCharacteristic = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:notiyCharacteristicUUID] properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable];

        /*
         可读写的characteristics
         properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite | CBCharacteristicPropertyRead
         permissions CBAttributePermissionsReadable | CBAttributePermissionsWriteable
         */
        CBMutableCharacteristic *readwriteCharacteristic = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:readwriteCharacteristicUUID] properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite | CBCharacteristicPropertyRead value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable | CBAttributePermissionsWriteable];
        //设置description
        CBMutableDescriptor *readwriteCharacteristicDescription1 = [[CBMutableDescriptor alloc]initWithType: CBUUIDCharacteristicUserDescriptionStringUUID value:@"name"];
        [readwriteCharacteristic setDescriptors:@[readwriteCharacteristicDescription1]];


        /*
         只读的Characteristic
         properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead
         permissions CBAttributePermissionsReadable
         */
        CBMutableCharacteristic *readCharacteristic = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:readCharacteristicUUID] properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable];


        //service1初始化并加入两个characteristics
        CBMutableService *service1 = [[CBMutableService alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:ServiceUUID1] primary:YES];
        [service1 setCharacteristics:@[notiyCharacteristic,readwriteCharacteristic]];

        //service2初始化并加入一个characteristics
        CBMutableService *service2 = [[CBMutableService alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:ServiceUUID2] primary:YES];
        [service2 setCharacteristics:@[readCharacteristic]];

        //添加后就会调用代理的- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
        [peripheralManager addService:service1];
        [peripheralManager addService:service2];
 }


3. 开启广播advertising
//perihpheral添加了service
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
    if (error == nil) {
        serviceNum++;
    }

    //因为我们添加了2个服务,所以想两次都添加完成后才去发送广播
    if (serviceNum==2) {
        //添加服务后可以在此向外界发出通告 调用完这个方法后会调用代理的
        //(void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
        [peripheralManager startAdvertising:@{
                                              CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey : @[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:ServiceUUID1],[CBUUID UUIDWithString:ServiceUUID2]],
                                              CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey : LocalNameKey
                                             }
         ];

    }

}

//peripheral开始发送advertising
- (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"in peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertisiong");
}
4. 对central的操作进行响应
- 4.1 读characteristics请求
- 4.2 写characteristics请求
- 4.3 订阅和取消订阅characteristics

//订阅characteristics
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
    NSLog(@"订阅了 %@的数据",characteristic.UUID);
    //每秒执行一次给主设备发送一个当前时间的秒数
    timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(sendData:) userInfo:characteristic  repeats:YES];
}

//取消订阅characteristics
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
    NSLog(@"取消订阅 %@的数据",characteristic.UUID);
    //取消回应
    [timer invalidate];
}

//发送数据,发送当前时间的秒数
-(BOOL)sendData:(NSTimer *)t {
    CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristic = t.userInfo;
    NSDateFormatter *dft = [[NSDateFormatter alloc]init];
    [dft setDateFormat:@"ss"];
    NSLog(@"%@",[dft stringFromDate:[NSDate date]]);

    //执行回应Central通知数据
    return  [peripheralManager updateValue:[[dft stringFromDate:[NSDate date]] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] forCharacteristic:(CBMutableCharacteristic *)characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:nil];

}


//读characteristics请求
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request{
    NSLog(@"didReceiveReadRequest");
    //判断是否有读数据的权限
    if (request.characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) {
        NSData *data = request.characteristic.value;
        [request setValue:data];
        //对请求作出成功响应
        [peripheralManager respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess];
    }else{
        [peripheralManager respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorWriteNotPermitted];
    }
}


//写characteristics请求
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray *)requests{
    NSLog(@"didReceiveWriteRequests");
    CBATTRequest *request = requests[0];

    //判断是否有写数据的权限
    if (request.characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
        //需要转换成CBMutableCharacteristic对象才能进行写值
        CBMutableCharacteristic *c =(CBMutableCharacteristic *)request.characteristic;
        c.value = request.value;
        [peripheralManager respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess];
    }else{
        [peripheralManager respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorWriteNotPermitted];
    }


}

iOS系统中,让蓝牙作为外设可按以下步骤实现: 1. **准备环境**:需要Xcode、开发证书和手机(蓝牙程序通常需真机调试,使用模拟器调试方法较复杂,也可用OSX程序调试)以及蓝牙外设 [^3]。 2. **配置后台模式(若需后台工作)**:若想作为周边角色在后台工作,要在Info.plist文件中添加`bluetooth-periphral`到`UIBackgroundModes`关键字下,如此系统会在app需要读、写、订阅事件时唤醒它 [^4]。 3. **实现peripheral模式流程**: - 打开`peripheralManager`,设置其委托。 - 创建`characteristics`及其`description`,创建`service`,将`characteristics`添加到`service`中,再把`service`添加到`peripheralManager`中。 - 开启广播`advertising`。 - 对`central`的操作进行响应,包括读`characteristics`请求、写`characteristics`请求、订阅和取消订阅`characteristics` [^3]。 示例代码如下,展示了部分核心操作: ```objc #import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h> @interface PeripheralViewController () <CBPeripheralManagerDelegate> @property (nonatomic, strong) CBPeripheralManager *peripheralManager; @property (nonatomic, strong) CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristic; @property (nonatomic, strong) CBMutableService *service; @end @implementation PeripheralViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 初始化peripheralManager self.peripheralManager = [[CBPeripheralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil options:nil]; } #pragma mark - CBPeripheralManagerDelegate - (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral { if (peripheral.state == CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn) { // 创建characteristics self.characteristic = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc] initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"YourCharacteristicUUID"] properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead | CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable | CBAttributePermissionsWriteable]; // 创建service self.service = [[CBMutableService alloc] initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"YourServiceUUID"] primary:YES]; [self.service.characteristics addObject:self.characteristic]; // 将service添加到peripheralManager [self.peripheralManager addService:self.service]; } } - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error { if (!error) { // 开启广播 [self.peripheralManager startAdvertising:@{CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey: @[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"YourServiceUUID"]]}]; } } // 处理central的读请求 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request { // 处理读逻辑 [peripheral respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess]; } // 处理central的写请求 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests { // 处理写逻辑 for (CBATTRequest *request in requests) { [peripheral respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess]; } } @end ```
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