mysql存储引擎InnoDB 1.1、NDB 7.5对比

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本文对比了MySQL的NDB和InnoDB两个存储引擎，详细探讨了它们在分布式架构、工作负载、特性使用上的差异，帮助读者理解两者在高可用性、故障切换、吞吐量和延迟等方面的不同表现，以及适用于不同应用需求的特点。

mysql存储引擎InnoDB 1.1、NDB 7.5对比

官网针对NDB和InnoDB进行了多方位的对比：

Differences Between the NDB and InnoDB Storage Engines

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-ndb-innodb-engines.html

The NDB storage engine is implemented using a distributed, shared-nothing architecture, which causes it to behave differently from InnoDB in a number of ways. For those unaccustomed to working with NDB, unexpected behaviors can arise due to its distributed nature with regard to transactions, foreign keys, table limits, and other characteristics. These are shown in the following table:

Feature	`InnoDB` 1.1	`NDB` 7.5
MySQL Server Version	5.7	5.7
`InnoDB` Version	`InnoDB` 5.7.20	`InnoDB` 5.7.20
NDB Cluster Version	N/A	`NDB` 7.5.8
Storage Limits	64TB	128TB (as of NDB 7.5.2)
Foreign Keys	Yes	Yes
Transactions	All standard types	`READ COMMITTED`
MVCC	Yes	No
Data Compression	Yes	No (NDB checkpoint and backup files can be compressed)
Large Row Support (> 14K)	Supported for `VARBINARY`,`VARCHAR`, `BLOB`, and `TEXT`columns	Supported for `BLOB` and `TEXT` columns only (Using these types to store very large amounts of data can lower NDB performance)
Replication Support	Asynchronous and semisynchronous replication using MySQL Replication	Automatic synchronous replication within an NDB Cluster; asynchronous replication between NDB Clusters, using MySQL Replication
Scaleout for Read Operations	Yes (MySQL Replication)	Yes (Automatic partitioning in NDB Cluster; NDB Cluster Replication)
Scaleout for Write Operations	Requires application-level partitioning (sharding)	Yes (Automatic partitioning in NDB Cluster is transparent to applications)
High Availability (HA)	Requires additional software	Yes (Designed for 99.999% uptime)
Node Failure Recovery and Failover	Requires additional software	Automatic (Key element in NDB architecture)
Time for Node Failure Recovery	30 seconds or longer	Typically < 1 second
Real-Time Performance	No	Yes
In-Memory Tables	No	Yes (Some data can optionally be stored on disk; both in-memory and disk data storage are durable)
NoSQL Access to Storage Engine	Yes	Yes (Multiple APIs, including Memcached, Node.js/JavaScript, Java, JPA, C++, and HTTP/REST)
Concurrent and Parallel Writes	Not supported	Up to 48 writers, optimized for concurrent writes
Conflict Detection and Resolution (Multiple Replication Masters)	No	Yes
Hash Indexes	No	Yes
Online Addition of Nodes	Read-only replicas using MySQL Replication	Yes (all node types)
Online Upgrades	No	Yes
Online Schema Modifications	Yes, as part of MySQL 5.7	Yes

NDB and InnoDB Workloads

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-ndb-innodb-workloads.html

NDB Cluster has a range of unique attributes that make it ideal to serve applications requiring high availability, fast failover, high throughput, and low latency. Due to its distributed architecture and multi-node implementation, NDB Cluster also has specific constraints that may keep some workloads from performing well. A number of major differences in behavior between the NDB and InnoDB storage engines with regard to some common types of database-driven application workloads are shown in the following table::

Workload	`InnoDB`	NDB Cluster (`NDB`)
High-Volume OLTP Applications	Yes	Yes
DSS Applications (data marts, analytics)	Yes	Limited (Join operations across OLTP datasets not exceeding 3TB in size)
Custom Applications	Yes	Yes
Packaged Applications	Yes	Limited (should be mostly primary key access) NDB Cluster 7.5 supports foreign keys
In-Network Telecoms Applications (HLR, HSS, SDP)	No	Yes
Session Management and Caching	Yes	Yes
E-Commerce Applications	Yes	Yes
User Profile Management, AAA Protocol	Yes	Yes

NDB and InnoDB Feature Usage Summary

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-ndb-innodb-usage.html

When comparing application feature requirements to the capabilities of InnoDB with NDB, some are clearly more compatible with one storage engine than the other.

The following table lists supported application features according to the storage engine to which each feature is typically better suited.

Preferred application requirements for`InnoDB`	Preferred application requirements for `NDB`
Foreign keys Note NDB Cluster 7.5 supports foreign keys Full table scans Very large databases, rows, or transactions Transactions other than `READ COMMITTED`	Write scaling 99.999% uptime Online addition of nodes and online schema operations Multiple SQL and NoSQL APIs (see NDB Cluster APIs: Overview and Concepts) Real-time performance Limited use of `BLOB` columns Foreign keys are supported, although their use may have an impact on performance at high throughput