本文介绍如何在Android中创建标准和自定义通知，包括获取NotificationManager、实例化Notification、定义通知栏消息及Intent等步骤。
一、要创建一个notification，有如下几个步骤：
1.获取NotificationManager：
String ns = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;
NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(ns);int icon = R.drawable.notification_icon;
CharSequence tickerText = "Hello";
long when = System.currentTimeMillis();
Notification notification = new Notification(icon, tickerText, when);Context context = getApplicationContext();
CharSequence contentTitle = "My notification";
CharSequence contentText = "Hello World!";
Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MyClass.class);
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
notification.setLatestEventInfo(context, contentTitle, contentText, contentIntent);private static final int HELLO_ID = 1;
mNotificationManager.notify(HELLO_ID, notification);想要清除notification，添加“FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL”到你的Notification对象中。你也可以通过手动传递notification ID调用cancel(int)，或调用cancelAll()清除所有notification。
一个notification需要如下：
1.一个要在状态栏展示的icon图标
2.一个在通知栏view中的标题和消息(除非你定义自定义的通知栏view)
3.一个PendingIntent，当notification被选中时触发
可选的：
一个状态栏的ticker-text消息
一个警报声音
一个振动效果
一个flashing LED效果
下面展示一个Notification的基本用法：
int icon = R.drawable.notification_icon; // icon from resources
CharSequence tickerText = "Hello"; // ticker-text
long when = System.currentTimeMillis(); // notification time
Context context = getApplicationContext(); // application Context
CharSequence contentTitle = "My notification"; // expanded message title
CharSequence contentText = "Hello World!"; // expanded message text
Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MyClass.class);
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
// the next two lines initialize the Notification, using the configurations above
Notification notification = new Notification(icon, tickerText, when);
notification.setLatestEventInfo(context, contentTitle, contentText, contentIntent);public final class PendingIntent extends Object implements Parcelable
它是一个用来描述Intent和目标操作对象的东西。它的一些实例被用在 getActivity(Context, int, Intent, int), getBroadcast(Context, int, Intent, int), getService(Context, int, Intent, int); 中，这个方法返回的对象可交给其他应用程序，这样你就可以按你自己的描述去完成相关操作。
对于notification而言，getActivity(Context context,int requestCode,Intent intent,int flags) 它返回一个即将启动一个新activity的PendingIntent对象，就像调用Context.startActivity(Intent)一样。注意这个activity将在一个现有activity的context的外面启动，因此你得使用flag=Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK去启动之。
参数：
context：PendingIntent要查这个Context上下文中去启动activity
requestCode：发送者私有的请求码(目前未使用)
intent：要去启动activity的Intent
flags：常用的几个常量如下（注：包含PendingIntent和Notification，PendIngIntent是作其参数，Notification是notification.flags属性）：
“FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL”：当notification被点中后自动取消，该通知能被状态栏的清除按钮给清除掉。
"FLAG_NO_CLEAR"：该通知不能被状态栏的清除按钮给清除掉
“FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT"：将notification组织到”Ongoing"下，这表示这个应用程序在on-going状态，即它的进程仍运行在后台，即便这个应用程序不可见（如播放音乐或打电话）。即通知放置在正在运行。
“FLAG_ONE_SHOT"：这个PendingIntent只能被用一次，当设置后，在send()被调用后，它将自动取消。
”FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENTR"：如果所描述的PendingIntent已经存在，则保持住它并用新Intent中的数据取代之。
”FLAG_NO_CREATE"：如果所描述的PendingIntent不存在，则返回null而非创建它。
“FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT"：如果所描述的Pending已经存在，当前的被取消，然后创建一个新的。
二、创建自定义通知栏：
1.创建xml布局文件，如custom_notification_layout.xml
2.使用RemoteViews的方法去定义image和text，如：
RemoteViews contentView = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.custom_notification_layout);
contentView.setImageViewResource(R.id.image, R.drawable.notification_image);
contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.text, "Hello, this message is in a custom expanded view");
notification.contentView = contentView;Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MyClass.class);
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
notification.contentIntent = contentIntent;mNotificationManager.notify(CUSTOM_VIEW_ID, notification);
下面来看一下notify的两个方法的比较：
public void notify (int id, Notification notification)
Post a notification to be shown in the status bar. If a notification with the same id has already been posted by your application and has not yet been canceled, it will be replaced by the updated information.Parameters：
id(int)：An identifier for this notification unique within your application.
notification(Notification)：A Notification object describing what to show the user. Must not be null.
public void notify (String tag, int id, Notification notification)
Post a notification to be shown in the status bar. If a notification with the same tag and id has already been posted by your application and has not yet been canceled, it will be replaced by the updated information.
Parameters：
tag(String)： A string identifier for this notification. May be null.
id(int)：An identifier for this notification. The pair (tag, id) must be unique within your application.
notification(Notification)：A Notification object describing what to show the user. Must not be null.
详见：国内Creating Status Bar Notifications 、google官网中文文档
最后，给出一个真实的例子，大家看看效果：
package com.example.testnotification;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.RemoteViews;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private NotificationManager nm;
private Button btn1, btn2, btn3, btn4;
private int count = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
btn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
btn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
count++;
Notification n = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "我是通知提示", System.currentTimeMillis());
n.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
n.number = count;
Intent it = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
it.putExtra("name", "name:" + count);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, 100, it,
PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
n.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this, "标题", "启动多次通知只显示一条", pi);
nm.notify(1, n);
}
});
btn2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn2);
btn2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
count++;
Notification n = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "我是通知提示", System.currentTimeMillis());
n.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
n.number = count;
Intent it = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
it.putExtra("name", "name:" + count);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, 100, it,
PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
n.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this, "标题", "启动多次通知显示多条，但只能用最新的通知跳转到活动", pi);
nm.notify(count, n);
}
});
btn3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn3);
btn3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
count++;
Notification n = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "我是通知提示", System.currentTimeMillis());
n.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
n.number = count;
Intent it = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
it.putExtra("name", "name:" + count);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, count, it,
PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
n.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this, "标题", "启动多次通知显示多条，每一条通知都能跳转到对应的活动", pi);
nm.notify(count, n);
}
});
btn4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn4);
btn4.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
count++;
Notification n = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "我是通知提示", System.currentTimeMillis());
n.flags = Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
RemoteViews rv = new RemoteViews(MainActivity.this.getPackageName(), R.layout.notify);
n.contentView = rv;
Intent it = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
it.putExtra("name", "name:" + count);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, count, it, 0);
n.contentIntent = pi;
nm.notify(count, n);
rv.setTextViewText(R.id.tv2, "我是自定义布局");
Intent clickIntent = new Intent("ONCLICK");
PendingIntent clickPending = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(MainActivity.this, count, clickIntent, 0);
rv.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.cancel, clickPending);
}
});
}
}
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