mysql 8.x 版本安装

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-18 14:55:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-18 14:55:34 发布

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这篇博客详细介绍了在Windows 10和CentOS上安装MySQL 8.x版本的步骤。对于Windows 10，包括下载解压MySQL安装包，创建my.ini配置文件，初始化数据库并设置服务。而在CentOS中，通过安装rpm包解决依赖问题，并最终启动MySQL服务。安装过程中需要注意初始密码的获取和使用。

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window10安装过程

下载解压mysql-8.x.x-winx64.zip
在解压目录下建立一个my.ini配置文件，主要3个参数（basedir，datadir，port ）如下：

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin


# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = D:\mysql-8.0.16-winx64
datadir = D:\mysql-8.0.16-winx64\data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 
#log-bin=E:/mysql-5.6.40-winx64/data/mysql-bin.log
long_query_time=0

用命令行进入bin目录，运行：mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --consol
成功后会有如下显示：

2019-05-29T08:25:29.151098Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2019-05-29T08:25:29.151184Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.16-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.16) initializing of server in progress as process 10752
2019-05-29T08:25:48.914306Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 6/L9wCdi=XlZ
2019-05-29T08:25:56.573900Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.16-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.16) initializing of server has completed

要记住Note那行，有个初始密码。
接下来配置win10mysql 的服务：
mysqld -install进行服务的添加，如果之前配置了mysql其他版本的服务，运行 sc delete mysql 删除服务
net start mysql启动服务

Centos安装过程

centos的系统我选择的是开发版，已经预装了一些开发环境。
从mysql官网下载 rpm包 mysql-8.x.x-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar,解压后依次安装顺序：common --> libs --> client --> server --> devel

提示 pkgconfig(openssl) is needed by mysql-community-devel-8.x.xx-1.el7.x86_64, 安装 yum install openssl-devel.x86_64 openssl.x86_64
提示“mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.x.xx-1.el7.x86_64 取代”，是lib和系统自带的冲突，删除后继续：yum remove mysql-libs -y

安装完后mysql已经在在系统运行目录了，直接启动即可。如果要更换一个自己指定的目录会提示一个权限错误，我就没有去修改指定data目录,原理可参考https://jejoker.iteye.com/blog/1882028

mysql 8的版本，数据库目录初始化后，会在mysqld.log里面有一个初始默认密码，登录进去修改才能正常使用。创建用户时如果要考虑低版本的mysqlclient链接，则需要加上WITH mysql_native_password,否则会提示ssh2密码插件没有。

create user 'user'@'%' identified WITH mysql_native_password by 'xxx';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'user'@'%' with grant option;