软件调试笔记56 - 调试符号 : PDB文件

博客围绕软件调试中的调试符号展开,重点介绍了PDB文件。PDB文件在软件调试中有着重要作用,能帮助开发者更高效地定位和解决问题,是软件调试过程中的关键元素。





1. List the six main biwise operators in C++ and explain the function of each. 2. Why cannot bitwise operations be applied to variables of floating-point type? 3. Explain the purpose of the << (left shift) and >> (right shift) operators. What is the typical effect on the decimal value of a number when it is shifted left by 1? Shifted right by 1? 4. Describe the process of using a mask to check the value of a specific bit within an
integer. 5. How can you use the bitwise AND operator (&) to check if a number is even or odd?
Explain the logic. 6. What is the difference between the logical AND (&&) and the bitwise AND (&)? Provide an example scenario for each. 7. Explain the purpose of the ~ (bitwise NOT) operator. What is the result of applying it to a mask, and how can this be useful? 1. What is the primary goal of program debugging? What types of errors can it help identify? 2. Describe the difference between Step Over (F10) and Step Into (F11) debugging commands. When would you choose one over the other? 3. What is the purpose of a breakpoint in planned debugging? How do you set and remove a breakpoint in Visual Studio? 4. Explain the utility of the "Watch" window compared to the "Autos" or "Locals" windows during a debugging session. 5. What is the key difference between the Debug and Release configurations when building a project? Why is it necessary to create a Release version after successful debugging? 6. List at least three types of files commonly found in a project's Debug folder and briefly state their purpose (e.g., *.pdb). 7. During debugging, you notice a variable has an incorrect value. How can you change its value during runtime to test a hypothesis without modifying the source code? 8. What command is used to exit the debug mode and stop the current debugging session? 1. What is an array in C++? List its three main characteristics. 2. How are array elements numbered in C++? What is the valid index range for an array declared as int data[25];? 3. Explain the difference between array declaration and initialization. Provide an example of each. 4. What is an initializer list? What happens if the initializer list is shorter than the array size? 5. How can you let the compiler automatically determine the size of an array during initialization? 6. What values do elements of a local array contain if it is declared but not explicitly initialized? How does this differ from a global array? 7. What is an array out-of-bounds error? Why is it dangerous, and what are its potential consequences? 8. How do you calculate the number of elements in an array using the sizeof operator?
Provide the formula. What is a significant limitation of this method? 9. Why is it impossible to copy the contents of one array into another using the assignment
operator (arrayB = arrayA;)? What is the correct way to perform this operation? 10. Why does comparing two arrays using the equality operator (arrayA == arrayB) not check if their elements are equal? How should array comparison be done correctly? 11. What does the name of an array represent in terms of memory? 1. What is a pointer in C++ and what are its two main attributes? 2. Explain the difference between the & and * operators when working with pointers. 3. Why is pointer initialization critical and what dangers do uninitialized pointers pose? 4. What is the fundamental relationship between arrays and pointers in C++? 5. How does pointer arithmetic work and why does ptr + 1 advance by the size of the pointed type rather than 1 byte? 6. What is the difference between an array name and a pointer variable? Why can't you increment an array name? 7. What are the differences between const int*, int* const, and const int* const? 8. How can you safely iterate through an array using pointers, and what are the boundary risks? 9. What is a null pointer and why should you check for nullptr before dereferencing? 10. How do you access array elements using pointer syntax, and how does the compiler translate arr[i] internally? 1. What is a multidimensional array? How is a two-dimensional array structured in memory? 2. Explain the concept of an "array of arrays". How does this relate to the declaration int arr/ROWS//COLS;? 3. The name of a two-dimensional array without indices is a pointer constant. What does this pointer point to? What do the expressions *(A + i) and *(*(A + i) +j) mean for a two-dimensional array A? 4. Describe the different ways to access the element A/1/[2/ of a two-dimensional array
using pointers. 5. What is the rule for omitting the size of dimensions when initializing and when passing a multidimensional array to a function? Why is it allowed to omit only the first dimension? 6. Explain the principle of "row-major order" for storing two-dimensional arrays in memory.
How does this affect element access? 7. Why are nested loops the standard tool for processing multidimensional arrays?
Describe the typical pattern for iterating through a matrix. 1. How is a character string stored in memory in C++? What is the role of the null terminator (10), and why is it critical for C-style strings? 2. Why must the size of a char array declared to hold a string be at least one greater than the number of characters you intend to store? 3. The array name without an index is a pointer constant. What does the name of a char array point to? 4. What are the two main ways to initialize a C-style string? What is a common mistake when using the initializer list method, and what is its consequence? 5. Why is it necessary to add _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS to the preprocessor definitions in Visual Studio when working with many standard C library functions?
What is the alternative approach? 6. What is the key difference between stropy and strncpy? Why might strncpy be considered safer? 7. How does the stremp function determine if one string is "less than" another? Why can't you use the == operator to compare two C-style strings for content equality? 8. Describe the purpose and parameters of the strok function. How do you get all tokens from a string? 9. What do the functions strchr and strrchr do? How do they differ? 10. Explain what the strstr function returns and what it is commonly used for. 11. What is the purpose of the functions in the < cctype> header? Give three examples of such functions and their use. 12. What is the difference between tolower(c) and_tolower(c)? When should you use each? 1. What is a function in C++? Name the three core benefits of using functions in a program. 2. What is the difference between a function declaration (prototype) and a function definition? Provide examples. 3. What is a function signature? Which elements are part of the signature, and which are not? 4. What methods of passing parameters to a function do you know? Explain the difference between pass-by-value, pass-by-pointer, and pass-by-reference. 5. Why can't you pass an array to a function by value? What is the correct way to pass an array to a function? 6. What is variable scope? How is it related to functions? 7. How does a function return a value? What happens if a function with a non-void return type does not return a value on all control paths? 8. Can you use multiple return statements in a single function? Provide an example. 9. What is function overloading? What is it based on? 10. How is interaction between functions organized in a program? Provide an example program with several functions. 11. What are default parameters? How are they specified, and in what cases are they useful? 12. How can you prevent a function from modifying the data passed to it? What modifiers are used for this? 13. What is recursion? Provide an example of a recursive function. 14. What common errors occur when working with functions? How can they be avoided? 15. How do you use pointers to functions? Provide an example of declaring and calling a function through a pointer. 用中文解答
最新发布
11-26
首先关于 [评价可免费] 的严重声明: 一、评价=评论加评价(评星星); 二、评价必须是下载完了该资源后的评价,没下载就评论无效; 三、如果正确评价了,返还积分可能需要等等,系统需要反应下。呵呵 评论时记得要评分。然后会返回给你花费的分再加1分.理论上有十分就可以下载完所有的资源了。一般人我不告诉他。 所谓动态分析是利用调试器,如OllyDBG一步一步地单步执行软件。常见的调试器有SoftICE,OllyDBG(简称OD)等。SoftICE是一款经典的调试工具,运行在Ring0级,可以调试驱动。但平时调试的程序都是Ring3级,因此推荐大家用OllyDBG,这款工具上手容易,功能十分强大,现在论坛上的文章基本都是用OllyDBG来讲解的。 Olldbg常见问题 Q: OD中如何运行到光标所在处? A: 将光标移到目标位置,按F4. Q: 如何用OD修改可执行程序? A:直接在反汇编代码区更改,这时可以使用汇编代码更改,然后选中修改后的汇编代码,右击-->复制到可执行文件-->保存文件. Q:OD中的代码乱码,如: 004365E0 >db 68 ; CHAR 'h' 004365E1 >db A4 004365E2 >db 7A ; CHAR 'z' 004365E3 >db E5 004365E4 >db B8 004365E5 >db E8 004365E6 >db BB A:OD右键,"分析/从模板中删除分析",如不行,按Ctrl+A重新分析 Q:OD为什么删除了断点,重新加载的时候,这些断点都会重新出现 A:设置ollydbg.ini,将配制文件里改成如下:Backup UDD files=1 (by kanxue) Q:如何还原到OD到分析前的状态? A:右键 分析/从模块中删除扫描 Q:什么是UDD? A:OllyDbg 把所有程序或模块相关的信息保存至单独的文件中,并在模块重新加载时继续使用。这些信息包括了标签、注释、断点、监视、分析数据、条件等等 Q:OD的数据窗口显示一个下划线,是什么意思? A:重定位加下划线[Underline fixups],几乎所有的DLL和一部分程序都包含重定位,这样就可以在内存中的不同基地址加载模块了。当该项开启时,CPU反汇编窗口或CPU数据窗口中的重定位地址都将添加下划线。(xing_xsz) Q:如果已经知道某一CALL的具体作用,能否把后面所有相同的CALL都改成函数名形式? A:比如 CALL 110000 此中已经知道110000是一个核心计算 则如下操作,让光标停在CALL 110000 这个语句上,按回车键 会跳到110000的地址上去显示,之后让光标停在110000上,按 shift 和; (分号) 其实就是完成一个:(冒号)的动作,输入 名称,这回所有的调用110000处,都会显示CALL 你刚才输入的 名称了.(nig回答) Q:用OD调试一些加壳程序,如Themida等,可能你会发现下断后(包括硬件断点),程序跑到断点时,OD会出现假死现像。 A:打开OD配置文件ollydbg.ini,你会发现:Restore windows= 123346 //这个Restore windows可能会是一个很大的值 现在只需要将Restore windows=0,重新用OD调试程序,假死问题就消失了。 (kanxue) Q:ollydbg中如何调用pdb文件? A: pdb文件是VC++调试编译生成的文件。由编译器直接生成。 pdb文件要配合源文件使用。不同的源文件pdb文件不同。 用OD装入可执行文件后,点击CPU窗口中的注释段可出现源码。 不过不是所有的源码都可以显示的。VC++6.0以下都可以显示。 还有一种不显示的原因是缺少路径。点击OD主菜单的[查看]->[源文件] 如果[源码]段出现(缺少)字样的话,说明此路径的源码是看不了的。设置正确的路径就可以了。 (nantz回答) Q:运行A.exe,其会调用B.exe,如果用OD再附加B.exe,OD会死掉 A: 1.OD菜单,设置OD为即时调试器; 2.将B.exe的入口改成CC,即INT 3指令,同时记下原指令 3.运行A.exe,其调用B.exe,会导致异常,OD会自动启动加载B.exe,此时你将INT 3指令恢复原指令。 4.到这步,你己可以任意调试B.exe了(kanxue) Q:用ollydbg调试的时候,断住kernel32.dll系统函数,然后”执行到用户代码“,就可以回到被调程序的代码。但有时候却回不来,不知道这又是为什么? A: 多半是杀毒软件(如卡巴对LoadLibraryA)Hook API入口代码进入ring 0了,OllyDbg不能单步跟踪,这种情况下只要看堆栈返回地址,在返回地址上下端点,F9执行就可以了。(cyclotron回答) Q:OD的“复制可执行文件”后面没有 “所有修改”的菜单 A:OD识别代码段范围失败后, 没有复制all modifications的选项, 因为这个是复制代码段内的修改的。(曾半仙回答) Q:OD里的patch窗口怎么用? A:patch窗口用来保存你在调试的程序中修改过的代码的。比如你前面调试了一个程序,在OD中把某处的JE改成了JMP,OD会在patch中记录这个修改,你下次再重新载入程序时,就能在OD的patch窗口中看到你原来改动的代码。按空格键就可以激活patch,就是在OD中还把原来位置的JE改成JMP。这个只是在OD中作更改,并没有实际保存到文件,主要是比较方便在OD中修改程序时测试。(CCDebuger回答)
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