Docker的常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-31 16:59:03 发布

hzyzzz

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-31 16:59:03 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker

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Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info  #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  #万能命令 帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        6 months ago        13.3kB

#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATED    镜像的创建时间
SIZE       镜像的大小

#可选项
  -a, --all             #列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet           #只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9699                [OK]                
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3530                [OK]

#可选项，通过收藏来过滤
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9699                [OK]                
mariadb             MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3530                [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest          #如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete        #分层下载，是docker images的核心 联合文件系统
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete 
c2344adc4858: Pull complete 
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete 
b905d1797e97: Pull complete 
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete 
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete 
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 #签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址

docker pull mysql等价于docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Already exists 
d51ce1c2e575: Already exists 
c2344adc4858: Already exists 
fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists 
16da0c38dc5b: Already exists 
b905d1797e97: Already exists 
4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists 
d85174a87144: Pull complete 
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete 
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete 
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker rmi -f  镜像的id #删除指定的镜像
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker rmi -f  镜像的id  镜像的id  镜像的id #删除多个镜像
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，我们下载一个centos镜像来测试命令

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 类似tomcat01 tomcat02用于区分容器
-d            后台方式运行
-it           使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p            指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
    -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
    -p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
    -p 容器端口
    容器端口
-P            随机指定端口

#测试，启动并进入容器
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@319a47cdbcb5 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

#从容器中退回主机
[root@319a47cdbcb5 /]# exit
exit

列出所有运行的容器

#docker ps命令
   #列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号

[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
319a47cdbcb5        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                       distracted_merkle
50c8f2fefe42        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                         modest_noyce
38f8a163663a        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            14 hours ago        Exited (0) 14 hours ago                        loving_mclaren

退出容器

exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止并退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id               #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id   #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id    #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id    #强制停止当前容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker run -d centos
1addae002080a34d4fbd1cf66441a12f3010d802513dfa4c37054adfba3515d9

#问题docker ps,发现centos停止了

#常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没用应用，就会自动停止
#nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志命令

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo xmx; sleep 1;done"
c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988

# [root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c1fc3a5b0b5b        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                            pensive_joliot
39cd59e590f8        centos              "/bin/bash"              9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes                            charming_aryabhata

#显示日志
-tf           #要显示日志
--tail number #要显示日志的条数 
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker logs -t -f --tail 10 c1fc3a5b0b5b
2020-07-04T17:18:38.251707034Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:39.253835936Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:40.255927185Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:41.258150701Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:42.260208500Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:43.262449202Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:44.264598399Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:45.266726894Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:46.268773629Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:47.270822429Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:48.272899937Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:49.274992167Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:50.277027176Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:51.279165639Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:52.281279433Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:53.283339973Z xmx
2020-07-04T17:18:54.285376048Z xmx

查看容器中的进程信息

#top命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker top c1fc3a5b0b5b 
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                5761                5745                0                   01:12               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true; do echo xmx; sleep 1;done
root                6423                5761                0                   01:22               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的元数据

#命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker inspect c1fc3a5b0b5b
[
    {
        "Id": "c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988",
        "Created": "2020-07-04T17:12:42.229565063Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true; do echo xmx; sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 5761,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-07-04T17:12:42.507513222Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988/c1fc3a5b0b5bb9a2d1b24e5c3d1b1f9b81a46faf3151737a0d1c10af53630988-json.log",
        "Name": "/pensive_joliot",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9ac15cb3f51c090f7997f3b3bb7bb0d99412364ecffc989fc0c976d8bfc5e937-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02756429550d30c14e9feb91f2294cd9e32282d2eb561f802481f62dcbf0ddd6/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9ac15cb3f51c090f7997f3b3bb7bb0d99412364ecffc989fc0c976d8bfc5e937/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9ac15cb3f51c090f7997f3b3bb7bb0d99412364ecffc989fc0c976d8bfc5e937/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9ac15cb3f51c090f7997f3b3bb7bb0d99412364ecffc989fc0c976d8bfc5e937/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "c1fc3a5b0b5b",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true; do echo xmx; sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "f86145e6893f31877c81f328b004fbd7202462a209683a35deb97cccbeddcf08",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f86145e6893f",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "83be2055d04e232fd60d3518fdf0b323f7f8d192192394de6e6b6a3fec3b15cc",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "1c2a18e67a4afd52ea52db417d05da7f3ecfc39ac8fa28376184b2eaf86057c0",
                    "EndpointID": "83be2055d04e232fd60d3518fdf0b323f7f8d192192394de6e6b6a3fec3b15cc",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

#测试
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c1fc3a5b0b5b        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   18 minutes ago      Up 18 minutes                           pensive_joliot
39cd59e590f8        centos              "/bin/bash"              27 minutes ago      Up 27 minutes                           charming_aryabhata
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ ~]# docker exec -it c1fc3a5b0b5b /bin/bash
[root@c1fc3a5b0b5b /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@c1fc3a5b0b5b /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 17:12 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true; do echo xmx; sleep 1;done
root      1129     0  0 17:31 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root      1188     1  0 17:32 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/
root      1189  1129  0 17:32 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

#方式二
docker attach 容器id
#会正在执行当前的代码

#docker exec   #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
#docker attach #进入正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
#进入docker容器内部
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ home]# docker attach c528a4afaade
[root@c528a4afaade /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@c528a4afaade /]# cd /home
[root@c528a4afaade home]# ls
#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@c528a4afaade home]# touch test.java
[root@c528a4afaade home]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
c528a4afaade        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 12 seconds ago                        busy_noether
cd6be8a07eb4        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Exited (127) 3 minutes ago                       stupefied_hellman
9740c281a773        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (127) 4 minutes ago                       bold_mirzakhani
#将文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ home]# docker cp c528a4afaade:home/test.java /home
[root@iZ2zedtw714kk6kmn4p41qZ home]# ls
test.java

#拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用-v卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步 /home /home