致敬 @遇见狂神说
自学课程地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=1
以下为根据课程记录的笔记,可以作为参考但是建议,自己记录安装系统:CentOS
Docker的常用命令
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@coder ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps,发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑:docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@coder ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c^Cwhile true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
[root@coder ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
d90a0ed8a3e1 centos
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示日志条数
[root@coder ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 d90a0ed8a3e1
查看容器中的进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@coder ~]# docker top d90a0ed8a3e1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3266 3248 0 02:01 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root 3761 3266 0 02:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@coder ~]# docker inspect d90a0ed8a3e1
[
{
"Id": "d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879",
"Created": "2022-01-23T18:01:42.444763356Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3266,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-01-23T18:01:42.936560934Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879-json.log",
"Name": "/ecstatic_austin",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d4c9f5f009adc34e91f14039e8a6ebf6be3368e5a8f69d982925987259c67dcc/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d90a0ed8a3e1",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "7674e3aa35fa72f0a6941efae8137906d5a962f9171bccb56415ba9c0e1f6a3d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7674e3aa35fa",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "a3a2d29394e96d5b0c964d87540d6f61f7817acc32bd59c7d90f7e450004d49b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "36da52c540ef6a8a1d05e0446cbd0c258cfdf542dc5954e4ce80752a6c36ea27",
"EndpointID": "a3a2d29394e96d5b0c964d87540d6f61f7817acc32bd59c7d90f7e450004d49b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@coder ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d90a0ed8a3e1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours ecstatic_austin
[root@coder ~]# docker exec -it d90a0ed8a3e1 /bin/bash
[root@d90a0ed8a3e1 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@d90a0ed8a3e1 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 18:01 ? 00:00:04 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root 15998 0 1 22:29 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 16028 1 0 22:29 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 16029 15998 0 22:29 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式2
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@d90a0ed8a3e1 /]# docker attach d90a0ed8a3e1
正在执行的当前的代码...
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp
# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@coder home]# ls
coder lianglei.cs
[root@coder home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24e3f70e9621 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute elegant_carson
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@coder home]# docker attach 24e3f70e9621
[root@24e3f70e9621 /]# cd /home
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# touch test.cs
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# ls
test.cs
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# exit
exit
[root@coder home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@coder home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24e3f70e9621 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 seconds ago elegant_carson
# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@coder home]# docker cp 24e3f70e9621:home/test.cs /home
[root@coder home]# ls
coder lianglei.cs test.cs
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现,自动同步