Docker学习笔记——常用命令（3）

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/LcFireRabbit/article/details/123341928

致敬 @遇见狂神说

自学课程地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=1
以下为根据课程记录的笔记，可以作为参考但是建议，自己记录

安装系统:CentOS

Docker的常用命令

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

#  命令 docker run -d 镜像名！
[root@coder ~]# docker run -d centos

# 问题docker ps，发现 centos 停止了

# 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@coder ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c^Cwhile true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
[root@coder ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE    
d90a0ed8a3e1   centos   

# 显示日志
    -tf             # 显示日志
    --tail number   # 要显示日志条数

[root@coder ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 d90a0ed8a3e1

查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@coder ~]# docker top d90a0ed8a3e1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3266                3248                0                   02:01               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root                3761                3266                0                   02:08               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@coder ~]# docker inspect d90a0ed8a3e1
[
    {
        "Id": "d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879",
        "Created": "2022-01-23T18:01:42.444763356Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3266,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-01-23T18:01:42.936560934Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879/d90a0ed8a3e14f412611b5f4d0506a8b4d0a1108af915bbb0bfdec17a9d15879-json.log",
        "Name": "/ecstatic_austin",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d4c9f5f009adc34e91f14039e8a6ebf6be3368e5a8f69d982925987259c67dcc/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/549dc8eec4b487355f98e4d5397a0d8a789b20b960c51bb2cc58eda921ce1fa3/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d90a0ed8a3e1",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "7674e3aa35fa72f0a6941efae8137906d5a962f9171bccb56415ba9c0e1f6a3d",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7674e3aa35fa",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "a3a2d29394e96d5b0c964d87540d6f61f7817acc32bd59c7d90f7e450004d49b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "36da52c540ef6a8a1d05e0446cbd0c258cfdf542dc5954e4ce80752a6c36ea27",
                    "EndpointID": "a3a2d29394e96d5b0c964d87540d6f61f7817acc32bd59c7d90f7e450004d49b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
[root@coder ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS       PORTS     NAMES
d90a0ed8a3e1   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   4 hours ago   Up 4 hours             ecstatic_austin
[root@coder ~]# docker exec -it d90a0ed8a3e1 /bin/bash
[root@d90a0ed8a3e1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@d90a0ed8a3e1 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 18:01 ?        00:00:04 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root      15998      0  1 22:29 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root      16028      1  0 22:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root      16029  15998  0 22:29 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式2
docker attach 容器id

# 测试
[root@d90a0ed8a3e1 /]# docker attach d90a0ed8a3e1
正在执行的当前的代码...
# docker exec       # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach     # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 

# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@coder home]# ls
coder  lianglei.cs
[root@coder home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
24e3f70e9621   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             elegant_carson

# 进入docker容器内部
[root@coder home]# docker attach 24e3f70e9621
[root@24e3f70e9621 /]# cd /home
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# ls

# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# touch test.cs
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# ls
test.cs
[root@24e3f70e9621 home]# exit
exit
[root@coder home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@coder home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
24e3f70e9621   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 12 seconds ago             elegant_carson

# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@coder home]# docker cp 24e3f70e9621:home/test.cs /home
[root@coder home]# ls
coder  lianglei.cs  test.cs

# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步