Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:24:47) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> dir __buildin__
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> help __buildin__
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> help(__buildin__)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
help(__buildin__)
NameError: name '__buildin__' is not defined
>>> help('__buildin__')
no Python documentation found for '__buildin__'
>>> dir
<built-in function dir>
>>> dir built-in
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> help(builtin)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>
help(builtin)
NameError: name 'builtin' is not defined
>>> help(__builtin__)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#7>", line 1, in <module>
help(__builtin__)
NameError: name '__builtin__' is not defined
>>> help('__builtin__')
Help on built-in module __builtin__:
NAME
__builtin__ - Built-in functions, exceptions, and other objects.
FILE
(built-in)
DESCRIPTION
Noteworthy: None is the `nil' object; Ellipsis represents `...' in slices.
CLASSES
object
basestring
str
str
unicode
buffer
bytearray
classmethod
complex
dict
enumerate
file
float
frozenset
int
bool
list
long
memoryview
property
reversed
set
slice
staticmethod
super
tuple
type
xrange
class basestring(object)
| Type basestring cannot be instantiated; it is the base for str and unicode.
|
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class bool(int)
| bool(x) -> bool
|
| Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise.
| The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool.
| The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| bool
| int
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from int:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __hex__(...)
| x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
|
| __index__(...)
| x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __invert__(...)
| x.__invert__() <==> ~x
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lshift__(...)
| x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __oct__(...)
| x.__oct__() <==> oct(x)
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rlshift__(...)
| x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rrshift__(...)
| x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x
|
| __rshift__(...)
| x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Truncating an Integral returns itself.
|
| bit_length(...)
| int.bit_length() -> int
|
| Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
| >>> bin(37)
| '0b100101'
| >>> (37).bit_length()
| 6
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from int:
|
| denominator
| the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| numerator
| the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
class buffer(object)
| buffer(object [, offset[, size]])
|
| Create a new buffer object which references the given object.
| The buffer will reference a slice of the target object from the
| start of the object (or at the specified offset). The slice will
| extend to the end of the target object (or with the specified size).
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __delslice__(...)
| x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __setslice__(...)
| x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class bytearray(object)
| bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray.
| bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray.
| bytearray(bytes_or_bytearray) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_bytearray.
| bytearray(memory_view) -> bytearray.
|
| Construct an mutable bytearray object from:
| - an iterable yielding integers in range(256)
| - a text string encoded using the specified encoding
| - a bytes or a bytearray object
| - any object implementing the buffer API.
|
| bytearray(int) -> bytearray.
|
| Construct a zero-initialized bytearray of the given length.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __alloc__(...)
| B.__alloc__() -> int
|
| Returns the number of bytes actually allocated.
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __iadd__(...)
| x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y
|
| __imul__(...)
| x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| B.__sizeof__() -> int
|
| Returns the size of B in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| append(...)
| B.append(int) -> None
|
| Append a single item to the end of B.
|
| capitalize(...)
| B.capitalize() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII)
| and the rest lower-cased.
|
| center(...)
| B.center(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B
|
| Return B centered in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| count(...)
| B.count(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in
| bytes B[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
| as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| B.decode([encoding[, errors]]) -> unicode object.
|
| Decodes B using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| B.endswith(suffix [,start [,end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test B beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| B.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| extend(...)
| B.extend(iterable int) -> None
|
| Append all the elements from the iterator or sequence to the
| end of B.
|
| find(...)
| B.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| fromhex(...)
| bytearray.fromhex(string) -> bytearray
|
| Create a bytearray object from a string of hexadecimal numbers.
| Spaces between two numbers are accepted.
| Example: bytearray.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> bytearray(b'\xb9\x01\xef').
|
| index(...)
| B.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like B.find() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.
|
| insert(...)
| B.insert(index, int) -> None
|
| Insert a single item into the bytearray before the given index.
|
| isalnum(...)
| B.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| B.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| B.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are digits
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| B.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| B.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| B.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
| characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
| otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| B.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| B.join(iterable_of_bytes) -> bytes
|
| Concatenates any number of bytearray objects, with B in between each pair.
|
| ljust(...)
| B.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B
|
| Return B left justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| B.lower() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| B.lstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray
|
| Strip leading bytes contained in the argument.
| If the argument is omitted, strip leading ASCII whitespace.
|
| partition(...)
| B.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Searches for the separator sep in B, and returns the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, returns B and two empty bytearray objects.
|
| pop(...)
| B.pop([index]) -> int
|
| Remove and return a single item from B. If no index
| argument is given, will pop the last value.
|
| remove(...)
| B.remove(int) -> None
|
| Remove the first occurance of a value in B.
|
| replace(...)
| B.replace(old, new[, count]) -> bytes
|
| Return a copy of B with all occurrences of subsection
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| reverse(...)
| B.reverse() -> None
|
| Reverse the order of the values in B in place.
|
| rfind(...)
| B.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| B.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like B.rfind() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| B.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B
|
| Return B right justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| rpartition(...)
| B.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Searches for the separator sep in B, starting at the end of B,
| and returns the part before it, the separator itself, and the
| part after it. If the separator is not found, returns two empty
| bytearray objects and B.
|
| rsplit(...)
| B.rsplit(sep[, maxsplit]) -> list of bytearray
|
| Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter,
| starting at the end of B and working to the front.
| If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters
| (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).
| If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.
|
| rstrip(...)
| B.rstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray
|
| Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument.
| If the argument is omitted, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.
|
| split(...)
| B.split([sep[, maxsplit]]) -> list of bytearray
|
| Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter.
| If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters
| (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).
| If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.
|
| splitlines(...)
| B.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of lines
|
| Return a list of the lines in B, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| B.startswith(prefix [,start [,end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test B beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| B.strip([bytes]) -> bytearray
|
| Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument.
| If the argument is omitted, strip ASCII whitespace.
|
| swapcase(...)
| B.swapcase() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted
| to lowercase ASCII and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| B.title() -> copy of B
|
| Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
|
| translate(...)
| B.translate(table[, deletechars]) -> bytearray
|
| Return a copy of B, where all characters occurring in the
| optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining
| characters have been mapped through the given translation
| table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.
|
| upper(...)
| B.upper() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| B.zfill(width) -> copy of B
|
| Pad a numeric string B with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. B is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
bytes = class str(basestring)
| str(object) -> string
|
| Return a nice string representation of the object.
| If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
|
| Method resolution order:
| str
| basestring
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __format__(...)
| S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| capitalize(...)
| S.capitalize() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
| capitalized.
|
| center(...)
| S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| count(...)
| S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
| string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
| as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| encode(...)
| S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
| 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
| codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| find(...)
| S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| format(...)
| S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
| The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
|
| index(...)
| S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| isalnum(...)
| S.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| S.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| S.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are digits
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| S.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| S.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| S.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
| characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
| otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| S.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| S.join(iterable) -> string
|
| Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
| iterable. The separator between elements is S.
|
| ljust(...)
| S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| S.lower() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| partition(...)
| S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, return S and two empty strings.
|
| replace(...)
| S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| rfind(...)
| S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| rpartition(...)
| S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
| the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
| separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
|
| rsplit(...)
| S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
| to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
| done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
| is a separator.
|
| rstrip(...)
| S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| split(...)
| S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
| whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
| from the result.
|
| splitlines(...)
| S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
| whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| swapcase(...)
| S.swapcase() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
| converted to lowercase and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| S.title() -> string
|
| Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
|
| translate(...)
| S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
| in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
| remaining characters have been mapped through the given
| translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
| If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
| the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
|
| upper(...)
| S.upper() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| S.zfill(width) -> string
|
| Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class classmethod(object)
| classmethod(function) -> method
|
| Convert a function to be a class method.
|
| A class method receives the class as implicit first argument,
| just like an instance method receives the instance.
| To declare a class method, use this idiom:
|
| class C:
| def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ...
| f = classmethod(f)
|
| It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance
| (e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.
| If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class
| object is passed as the implied first argument.
|
| Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods.
| If you want those, see the staticmethod builtin.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __func__
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class complex(object)
| complex(real[, imag]) -> complex number
|
| Create a complex number from a real part and an optional imaginary part.
| This is equivalent to (real + imag*1j) where imag defaults to 0.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
| complex.__format__() -> str
|
| Converts to a string according to format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| conjugate(...)
| complex.conjugate() -> complex
|
| Returns the complex conjugate of its argument. (3-4j).conjugate() == 3+4j.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class dict(object)
| dict() -> new empty dictionary
| dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
| (key, value) pairs
| dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
| d = {}
| for k, v in iterable:
| d[k] = v
| dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
| in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __contains__(...)
| D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes
|
| clear(...)
| D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D.
|
| copy(...)
| D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D
|
| fromkeys(...)
| dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
| v defaults to None.
|
| get(...)
| D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None.
|
| has_key(...)
| D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
|
| items(...)
| D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples
|
| iteritems(...)
| D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D
|
| iterkeys(...)
| D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D
|
| itervalues(...)
| D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D
|
| keys(...)
| D.keys() -> list of D's keys
|
| pop(...)
| D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
| If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
|
| popitem(...)
| D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
| 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
|
| setdefault(...)
| D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D
|
| update(...)
| D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
| If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
| If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
| In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
|
| values(...)
| D.values() -> list of D's values
|
| viewitems(...)
| D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items
|
| viewkeys(...)
| D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys
|
| viewvalues(...)
| D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class enumerate(object)
| enumerate(iterable[, start]) -> iterator for index, value of iterable
|
| Return an enumerate object. iterable must be another object that supports
| iteration. The enumerate object yields pairs containing a count (from
| start, which defaults to zero) and a value yielded by the iterable argument.
| enumerate is useful for obtaining an indexed list:
| (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), ...
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| next(...)
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class file(object)
| file(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object
|
| Open a file. The mode can be 'r', 'w' or 'a' for reading (default),
| writing or appending. The file will be created if it doesn't exist
| when opened for writing or appending; it will be truncated when
| opened for writing. Add a 'b' to the mode for binary files.
| Add a '+' to the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing.
| If the buffering argument is given, 0 means unbuffered, 1 means line
| buffered, and larger numbers specify the buffer size. The preferred way
| to open a file is with the builtin open() function.
| Add a 'U' to mode to open the file for input with universal newline
| support. Any line ending in the input file will be seen as a '\n'
| in Python. Also, a file so opened gains the attribute 'newlines';
| the value for this attribute is one of None (no newline read yet),
| '\r', '\n', '\r\n' or a tuple containing all the newline types seen.
|
| 'U' cannot be combined with 'w' or '+' mode.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __enter__(...)
| __enter__() -> self.
|
| __exit__(...)
| __exit__(*excinfo) -> None. Closes the file.
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| close(...)
| close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer. Close the file.
|
| Sets data attribute .closed to True. A closed file cannot be used for
| further I/O operations. close() may be called more than once without
| error. Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())
| may return an exit status upon closing.
|
| fileno(...)
| fileno() -> integer "file descriptor".
|
| This is needed for lower-level file interfaces, such os.read().
|
| flush(...)
| flush() -> None. Flush the internal I/O buffer.
|
| isatty(...)
| isatty() -> true or false. True if the file is connected to a tty device.
|
| next(...)
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| read(...)
| read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string.
|
| If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.
| Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested
| may be returned, even if no size parameter was given.
|
| readinto(...)
| readinto() -> Undocumented. Don't use this; it may go away.
|
| readline(...)
| readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.
|
| Retain newline. A non-negative size argument limits the maximum
| number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).
| Return an empty string at EOF.
|
| readlines(...)
| readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file.
|
| Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read.
| The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the
| total number of bytes in the lines returned.
|
| seek(...)
| seek(offset[, whence]) -> None. Move to new file position.
|
| Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to
| 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1
| (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (move
| relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow
| seeking beyond the end of a file). If the file is opened in text mode,
| only offsets returned by tell() are legal. Use of other offsets causes
| undefined behavior.
| Note that not all file objects are seekable.
|
| tell(...)
| tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer).
|
| truncate(...)
| truncate([size]) -> None. Truncate the file to at most size bytes.
|
| Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().
|
| write(...)
| write(str) -> None. Write string str to file.
|
| Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before
| the file on disk reflects the data written.
|
| writelines(...)
| writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None. Write the strings to the file.
|
| Note that newlines are not added. The sequence can be any iterable object
| producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.
|
| xreadlines(...)
| xreadlines() -> returns self.
|
| For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performance
| optimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| closed
| True if the file is closed
|
| encoding
| file encoding
|
| errors
| Unicode error handler
|
| mode
| file mode ('r', 'U', 'w', 'a', possibly with 'b' or '+' added)
|
| name
| file name
|
| newlines
| end-of-line convention used in this file
|
| softspace
| flag indicating that a space needs to be printed; used by print
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class float(object)
| float(x) -> floating point number
|
| Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
| float.__format__(format_spec) -> string
|
| Formats the float according to format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getformat__(...)
| float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string
|
| You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
| used in Python's test suite.
|
| typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. This function returns whichever of
| 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the
| format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr.
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __setformat__(...)
| float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None
|
| You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
| used in Python's test suite.
|
| typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt must be one of 'unknown',
| 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be
| one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality.
|
| Overrides the automatic determination of C-level floating point type.
| This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings.
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Returns the Integral closest to x between 0 and x.
|
| as_integer_ratio(...)
| float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int)
|
| Returns a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original
| float and with a positive denominator.
| Raises OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs.
|
| >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio()
| (10, 1)
| >>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio()
| (0, 1)
| >>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio()
| (-1, 4)
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any float.
|
| fromhex(...)
| float.fromhex(string) -> float
|
| Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string.
| >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10')
| 2047.984375
| >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074')
| -4.9406564584124654e-324
|
| hex(...)
| float.hex() -> string
|
| Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number.
| >>> (-0.1).hex()
| '-0x1.999999999999ap-4'
| >>> 3.14159.hex()
| '0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'
|
| is_integer(...)
| Returns True if the float is an integer.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class frozenset(object)
| frozenset() -> empty frozenset object
| frozenset(iterable) -> frozenset object
|
| Build an immutable unordered collection of unique elements.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| copy(...)
| Return a shallow copy of a set.
|
| difference(...)
| Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
|
| intersection(...)
| Return the intersection of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. elements that are common to all of the sets.)
|
| isdisjoint(...)
| Return True if two sets have a null intersection.
|
| issubset(...)
| Report whether another set contains this set.
|
| issuperset(...)
| Report whether this set contains another set.
|
| symmetric_difference(...)
| Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
|
| union(...)
| Return the union of sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class int(object)
| int(x[, base]) -> integer
|
| Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible. A floating point
| argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string
| representation of a floating point number!) When converting a string, use
| the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when converting a
| non-string. If base is zero, the proper base is guessed based on the
| string content. If the argument is outside the integer range a
| long object will be returned instead.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __hex__(...)
| x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
|
| __index__(...)
| x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __invert__(...)
| x.__invert__() <==> ~x
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lshift__(...)
| x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __oct__(...)
| x.__oct__() <==> oct(x)
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rlshift__(...)
| x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rrshift__(...)
| x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x
|
| __rshift__(...)
| x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Truncating an Integral returns itself.
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| bit_length(...)
| int.bit_length() -> int
|
| Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
| >>> bin(37)
| '0b100101'
| >>> (37).bit_length()
| 6
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| denominator
| the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| numerator
| the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class list(object)
| list() -> new empty list
| list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __delslice__(...)
| x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __iadd__(...)
| x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y
|
| __imul__(...)
| x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __reversed__(...)
| L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __setslice__(...)
| x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes
|
| append(...)
| L.append(object) -- append object to end
|
| count(...)
| L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
|
| extend(...)
| L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
|
| index(...)
| L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| insert(...)
| L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
|
| pop(...)
| L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
| Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
|
| remove(...)
| L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| reverse(...)
| L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
|
| sort(...)
| L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
| cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class long(object)
| long(x[, base]) -> integer
|
| Convert a string or number to a long integer, if possible. A floating
| point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a
| string representation of a floating point number!) When converting a
| string, use the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when
| converting a non-string.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __hex__(...)
| x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
|
| __index__(...)
| x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __invert__(...)
| x.__invert__() <==> ~x
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lshift__(...)
| x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __oct__(...)
| x.__oct__() <==> oct(x)
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rlshift__(...)
| x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rrshift__(...)
| x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x
|
| __rshift__(...)
| x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| Returns size in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Truncating an Integral returns itself.
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| bit_length(...)
| long.bit_length() -> int or long
|
| Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
| >>> bin(37L)
| '0b100101'
| >>> (37L).bit_length()
| 6
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any long.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| denominator
| the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| numerator
| the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class memoryview(object)
| memoryview(object)
|
| Create a new memoryview object which references the given object.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| tobytes(...)
|
| tolist(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| format
|
| itemsize
|
| ndim
|
| readonly
|
| shape
|
| strides
|
| suboffsets
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class object
| The most base type
class property(object)
| property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None) -> property attribute
|
| fget is a function to be used for getting an attribute value, and likewise
| fset is a function for setting, and fdel a function for del'ing, an
| attribute. Typical use is to define a managed attribute x:
| class C(object):
| def getx(self): return self._x
| def setx(self, value): self._x = value
| def delx(self): del self._x
| x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.")
|
| Decorators make defining new properties or modifying existing ones easy:
| class C(object):
| @property
| def x(self): return self._x
| @x.setter
| def x(self, value): self._x = value
| @x.deleter
| def x(self): del self._x
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delete__(...)
| descr.__delete__(obj)
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __set__(...)
| descr.__set__(obj, value)
|
| deleter(...)
| Descriptor to change the deleter on a property.
|
| getter(...)
| Descriptor to change the getter on a property.
|
| setter(...)
| Descriptor to change the setter on a property.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| fdel
|
| fget
|
| fset
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class reversed(object)
| reversed(sequence) -> reverse iterator over values of the sequence
|
| Return a reverse iterator
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __length_hint__(...)
| Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).
|
| next(...)
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class set(object)
| set() -> new empty set object
| set(iterable) -> new set object
|
| Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __iand__(...)
| x.__iand__(y) <==> x&=y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __ior__(...)
| x.__ior__(y) <==> x|=y
|
| __isub__(...)
| x.__isub__(y) <==> x-=y
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __ixor__(...)
| x.__ixor__(y) <==> x^=y
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| add(...)
| Add an element to a set.
|
| This has no effect if the element is already present.
|
| clear(...)
| Remove all elements from this set.
|
| copy(...)
| Return a shallow copy of a set.
|
| difference(...)
| Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
|
| difference_update(...)
| Remove all elements of another set from this set.
|
| discard(...)
| Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
|
| If the element is not a member, do nothing.
|
| intersection(...)
| Return the intersection of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. elements that are common to all of the sets.)
|
| intersection_update(...)
| Update a set with the intersection of itself and another.
|
| isdisjoint(...)
| Return True if two sets have a null intersection.
|
| issubset(...)
| Report whether another set contains this set.
|
| issuperset(...)
| Report whether this set contains another set.
|
| pop(...)
| Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
| Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
|
| remove(...)
| Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
|
| If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
|
| symmetric_difference(...)
| Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
|
| symmetric_difference_update(...)
| Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another.
|
| union(...)
| Return the union of sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
|
| update(...)
| Update a set with the union of itself and others.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class slice(object)
| slice([start,] stop[, step])
|
| Create a slice object. This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| indices(...)
| S.indices(len) -> (start, stop, stride)
|
| Assuming a sequence of length len, calculate the start and stop
| indices, and the stride length of the extended slice described by
| S. Out of bounds indices are clipped in a manner consistent with the
| handling of normal slices.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| start
|
| step
|
| stop
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class staticmethod(object)
| staticmethod(function) -> method
|
| Convert a function to be a static method.
|
| A static method does not receive an implicit first argument.
| To declare a static method, use this idiom:
|
| class C:
| def f(arg1, arg2, ...): ...
| f = staticmethod(f)
|
| It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance
| (e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.
|
| Static methods in Python are similar to those found in Java or C++.
| For a more advanced concept, see the classmethod builtin.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __func__
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class str(basestring)
| str(object) -> string
|
| Return a nice string representation of the object.
| If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
|
| Method resolution order:
| str
| basestring
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __format__(...)
| S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| capitalize(...)
| S.capitalize() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
| capitalized.
|
| center(...)
| S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| count(...)
| S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
| string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
| as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| encode(...)
| S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
| 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
| codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| find(...)
| S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| format(...)
| S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
| The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
|
| index(...)
| S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| isalnum(...)
| S.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| S.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| S.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are digits
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| S.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| S.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| S.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
| characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
| otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| S.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| S.join(iterable) -> string
|
| Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
| iterable. The separator between elements is S.
|
| ljust(...)
| S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| S.lower() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| partition(...)
| S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, return S and two empty strings.
|
| replace(...)
| S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| rfind(...)
| S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| rpartition(...)
| S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
| the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
| separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
|
| rsplit(...)
| S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
| to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
| done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
| is a separator.
|
| rstrip(...)
| S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| split(...)
| S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
| whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
| from the result.
|
| splitlines(...)
| S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
| whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| swapcase(...)
| S.swapcase() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
| converted to lowercase and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| S.title() -> string
|
| Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
|
| translate(...)
| S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
| in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
| remaining characters have been mapped through the given
| translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
| If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
| the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
|
| upper(...)
| S.upper() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| S.zfill(width) -> string
|
| Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class super(object)
| super(type) -> unbound super object
| super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type)
| super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type)
| Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method:
| class C(B):
| def meth(self, arg):
| super(C, self).meth(arg)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __self__
| the instance invoking super(); may be None
|
| __self_class__
| the type of the instance invoking super(); may be None
|
| __thisclass__
| the class invoking super()
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class tuple(object)
| tuple() -> empty tuple
| tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
|
| If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes
|
| count(...)
| T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
|
| index(...)
| T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class type(object)
| type(object) -> the object's type
| type(name, bases, dict) -> a new type
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __call__(...)
| x.__call__(...) <==> x(...)
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __instancecheck__(...)
| __instancecheck__() -> bool
| check if an object is an instance
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __subclasscheck__(...)
| __subclasscheck__() -> bool
| check if a class is a subclass
|
| __subclasses__(...)
| __subclasses__() -> list of immediate subclasses
|
| mro(...)
| mro() -> list
| return a type's method resolution order
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __abstractmethods__
|
| __base__
|
| __bases__
|
| __basicsize__
|
| __dict__
|
| __dictoffset__
|
| __flags__
|
| __itemsize__
|
| __mro__
|
| __weakrefoffset__
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class unicode(basestring)
| unicode(string [, encoding[, errors]]) -> object
|
| Create a new Unicode object from the given encoded string.
| encoding defaults to the current default string encoding.
| errors can be 'strict', 'replace' or 'ignore' and defaults to 'strict'.
|
| Method resolution order:
| unicode
| basestring
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __format__(...)
| S.__format__(format_spec) -> unicode
|
| Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| capitalize(...)
| S.capitalize() -> unicode
|
| Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
| have upper case and the rest lower case.
|
| center(...)
| S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> unicode
|
| Return S centered in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| count(...)
| S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
| Unicode string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
| interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> string or unicode
|
| Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| encode(...)
| S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> string or unicode
|
| Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
| 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
| codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| find(...)
| S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| format(...)
| S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> unicode
|
| Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
| The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
|
| index(...)
| S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| isalnum(...)
| S.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| S.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isdecimal(...)
| S.isdecimal() -> bool
|
| Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
| False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| S.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are digits
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| S.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isnumeric(...)
| S.isnumeric() -> bool
|
| Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
| False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| S.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| S.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
| follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
| Return False otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| S.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| S.join(iterable) -> unicode
|
| Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
| iterable. The separator between elements is S.
|
| ljust(...)
| S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> int
|
| Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| S.lower() -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| S.lstrip([chars]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is a str, it will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| partition(...)
| S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, return S and two empty strings.
|
| replace(...)
| S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| rfind(...)
| S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> unicode
|
| Return S right-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| rpartition(...)
| S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
| the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
| separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
|
| rsplit(...)
| S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
| delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
| working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
| is a separator.
|
| rstrip(...)
| S.rstrip([chars]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is a str, it will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| split(...)
| S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
| delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
| whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
| removed from the result.
|
| splitlines(...)
| S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| S.strip([chars]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
| whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is a str, it will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| swapcase(...)
| S.swapcase() -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
| and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| S.title() -> unicode
|
| Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
|
| translate(...)
| S.translate(table) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S, where all characters have been mapped
| through the given translation table, which must be a mapping of
| Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, Unicode strings or None.
| Unmapped characters are left untouched. Characters mapped to None
| are deleted.
|
| upper(...)
| S.upper() -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| S.zfill(width) -> unicode
|
| Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class xrange(object)
| xrange([start,] stop[, step]) -> xrange object
|
| Like range(), but instead of returning a list, returns an object that
| generates the numbers in the range on demand. For looping, this is
| slightly faster than range() and more memory efficient.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __reversed__(...)
| Returns a reverse iterator.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
FUNCTIONS
__import__(...)
__import__(name, globals={}, locals={}, fromlist=[], level=-1) -> module
Import a module. The globals are only used to determine the context;
they are not modified. The locals are currently unused. The fromlist
should be a list of names to emulate ``from name import ...'', or an
empty list to emulate ``import name''.
When importing a module from a package, note that __import__('A.B', ...)
returns package A when fromlist is empty, but its submodule B when
fromlist is not empty. Level is used to determine whether to perform
absolute or relative imports. -1 is the original strategy of attempting
both absolute and relative imports, 0 is absolute, a positive number
is the number of parent directories to search relative to the current module.
abs(...)
abs(number) -> number
Return the absolute value of the argument.
all(...)
all(iterable) -> bool
Return True if bool(x) is True for all values x in the iterable.
any(...)
any(iterable) -> bool
Return True if bool(x) is True for any x in the iterable.
apply(...)
apply(object[, args[, kwargs]]) -> value
Call a callable object with positional arguments taken from the tuple args,
and keyword arguments taken from the optional dictionary kwargs.
Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.
Deprecated since release 2.3. Instead, use the extended call syntax:
function(*args, **keywords).
bin(...)
bin(number) -> string
Return the binary representation of an integer or long integer.
callable(...)
callable(object) -> bool
Return whether the object is callable (i.e., some kind of function).
Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.
chr(...)
chr(i) -> character
Return a string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i < 256.
cmp(...)
cmp(x, y) -> integer
Return negative if x<y, zero if x==y, positive if x>y.
coerce(...)
coerce(x, y) -> (x1, y1)
Return a tuple consisting of the two numeric arguments converted to
a common type, using the same rules as used by arithmetic operations.
If coercion is not possible, raise TypeError.
compile(...)
compile(source, filename, mode[, flags[, dont_inherit]]) -> code object
Compile the source string (a Python module, statement or expression)
into a code object that can be executed by the exec statement or eval().
The filename will be used for run-time error messages.
The mode must be 'exec' to compile a module, 'single' to compile a
single (interactive) statement, or 'eval' to compile an expression.
The flags argument, if present, controls which future statements influence
the compilation of the code.
The dont_inherit argument, if non-zero, stops the compilation inheriting
the effects of any future statements in effect in the code calling
compile; if absent or zero these statements do influence the compilation,
in addition to any features explicitly specified.
delattr(...)
delattr(object, name)
Delete a named attribute on an object; delattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to
``del x.y''.
dir(...)
dir([object]) -> list of strings
If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.
Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes
of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it.
If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise
the default dir() logic is used and returns:
for a module object: the module's attributes.
for a class object: its attributes, and recursively the attributes
of its bases.
for any other object: its attributes, its class's attributes, and
recursively the attributes of its class's base classes.
divmod(...)
divmod(x, y) -> (quotient, remainder)
Return the tuple ((x-x%y)/y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x.
eval(...)
eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
The source may be a string representing a Python expression
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
execfile(...)
execfile(filename[, globals[, locals]])
Read and execute a Python script from a file.
The globals and locals are dictionaries, defaulting to the current
globals and locals. If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
filter(...)
filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string
Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true. If
function is None, return the items that are true. If sequence is a tuple
or string, return the same type, else return a list.
format(...)
format(value[, format_spec]) -> string
Returns value.__format__(format_spec)
format_spec defaults to ""
getattr(...)
getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value
Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.
When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't
exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case.
globals(...)
globals() -> dictionary
Return the dictionary containing the current scope's global variables.
hasattr(...)
hasattr(object, name) -> bool
Return whether the object has an attribute with the given name.
(This is done by calling getattr(object, name) and catching exceptions.)
hash(...)
hash(object) -> integer
Return a hash value for the object. Two objects with the same value have
the same hash value. The reverse is not necessarily true, but likely.
hex(...)
hex(number) -> string
Return the hexadecimal representation of an integer or long integer.
id(...)
id(object) -> integer
Return the identity of an object. This is guaranteed to be unique among
simultaneously existing objects. (Hint: it's the object's memory address.)
input(...)
input([prompt]) -> value
Equivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt)).
intern(...)
intern(string) -> string
``Intern'' the given string. This enters the string in the (global)
table of interned strings whose purpose is to speed up dictionary lookups.
Return the string itself or the previously interned string object with the
same value.
isinstance(...)
isinstance(object, class-or-type-or-tuple) -> bool
Return whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof.
With a type as second argument, return whether that is the object's type.
The form using a tuple, isinstance(x, (A, B, ...)), is a shortcut for
isinstance(x, A) or isinstance(x, B) or ... (etc.).
issubclass(...)
issubclass(C, B) -> bool
Return whether class C is a subclass (i.e., a derived class) of class B.
When using a tuple as the second argument issubclass(X, (A, B, ...)),
is a shortcut for issubclass(X, A) or issubclass(X, B) or ... (etc.).
iter(...)
iter(collection) -> iterator
iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator
Get an iterator from an object. In the first form, the argument must
supply its own iterator, or be a sequence.
In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the sentinel.
len(...)
len(object) -> integer
Return the number of items of a sequence or mapping.
locals(...)
locals() -> dictionary
Update and return a dictionary containing the current scope's local variables.
map(...)
map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list
Return a list of the results of applying the function to the items of
the argument sequence(s). If more than one sequence is given, the
function is called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding
item of each sequence, substituting None for missing values when not all
sequences have the same length. If the function is None, return a list of
the items of the sequence (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).
max(...)
max(iterable[, key=func]) -> value
max(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value
With a single iterable argument, return its largest item.
With two or more arguments, return the largest argument.
min(...)
min(iterable[, key=func]) -> value
min(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value
With a single iterable argument, return its smallest item.
With two or more arguments, return the smallest argument.
next(...)
next(iterator[, default])
Return the next item from the iterator. If default is given and the iterator
is exhausted, it is returned instead of raising StopIteration.
oct(...)
oct(number) -> string
Return the octal representation of an integer or long integer.
open(...)
open(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object
Open a file using the file() type, returns a file object. This is the
preferred way to open a file. See file.__doc__ for further information.
ord(...)
ord(c) -> integer
Return the integer ordinal of a one-character string.
pow(...)
pow(x, y[, z]) -> number
With two arguments, equivalent to x**y. With three arguments,
equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for longs).
print(...)
print(value, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout)
Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.
Optional keyword arguments:
file: a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.
sep: string inserted between values, default a space.
end: string appended after the last value, default a newline.
range(...)
range([start,] stop[, step]) -> list of integers
Return a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers.
range(i, j) returns [i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1]; start (!) defaults to 0.
When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).
For example, range(4) returns [0, 1, 2, 3]. The end point is omitted!
These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements.
raw_input(...)
raw_input([prompt]) -> string
Read a string from standard input. The trailing newline is stripped.
If the user hits EOF (Unix: Ctl-D, Windows: Ctl-Z+Return), raise EOFError.
On Unix, GNU readline is used if enabled. The prompt string, if given,
is printed without a trailing newline before reading.
reduce(...)
reduce(function, sequence[, initial]) -> value
Apply a function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of a sequence,
from left to right, so as to reduce the sequence to a single value.
For example, reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) calculates
((((1+2)+3)+4)+5). If initial is present, it is placed before the items
of the sequence in the calculation, and serves as a default when the
sequence is empty.
reload(...)
reload(module) -> module
Reload the module. The module must have been successfully imported before.
repr(...)
repr(object) -> string
Return the canonical string representation of the object.
For most object types, eval(repr(object)) == object.
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits]) -> floating point number
Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This always returns a floating point number. Precision may be negative.
setattr(...)
setattr(object, name, value)
Set a named attribute on an object; setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to
``x.y = v''.
sorted(...)
sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) --> new sorted list
sum(...)
sum(sequence[, start]) -> value
Returns the sum of a sequence of numbers (NOT strings) plus the value
of parameter 'start' (which defaults to 0). When the sequence is
empty, returns start.
unichr(...)
unichr(i) -> Unicode character
Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i <= 0x10ffff.
vars(...)
vars([object]) -> dictionary
Without arguments, equivalent to locals().
With an argument, equivalent to object.__dict__.
zip(...)
zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)]
Return a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the i-th element
from each of the argument sequences. The returned list is truncated
in length to the length of the shortest argument sequence.
DATA
Ellipsis = Ellipsis
False = False
None = None
NotImplemented = NotImplemented
True = True
__debug__ = True
copyright = Copyright (c) 2001-2012 Python Software Foundati...ematisc...
credits = Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corpor...opment. ...
exit = Use exit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit
help = Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help abou...
license = Type license() to see the full license text
quit = Use quit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit
>>> 'abcdd'.center()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
'abcdd'.center()
TypeError: center() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)
>>> 'abcdef'.center(5)
'abcdef'
>>> 'abcdef'.center(3)
'abcdef'
>>> 'abcdef'.count('abd')
0
>>>
>>> 'abcdef'.count('a')
1
>>> 'abcdef'.center(3,'e')
'abcdef'
>>> '你好'.decode(gbk)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in <module>
'你好'.decode(gbk)
NameError: name 'gbk' is not defined
>>> '你好'.decode('gbk')
u'\u4f60\u597d'
>>> u'\u4f60\u597d'
u'\u4f60\u597d'
>>> u'\u4f60\u597d'.decode('gbk')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module>
u'\u4f60\u597d'.decode('gbk')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-1: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> u'\u4f60\u597d'.encode(gbk)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
u'\u4f60\u597d'.encode(gbk)
NameError: name 'gbk' is not defined
>>> u'\u4f60\u597d'.encode('gbk')
'\xc4\xe3\xba\xc3'
>>> help('__builtin__')
Help on built-in module __builtin__:
NAME
__builtin__ - Built-in functions, exceptions, and other objects.
FILE
(built-in)
DESCRIPTION
Noteworthy: None is the `nil' object; Ellipsis represents `...' in slices.
CLASSES
object
basestring
str
str
unicode
buffer
bytearray
classmethod
complex
dict
enumerate
file
float
frozenset
int
bool
list
long
memoryview
property
reversed
set
slice
staticmethod
super
tuple
type
xrange
class basestring(object)
| Type basestring cannot be instantiated; it is the base for str and unicode.
|
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class bool(int)
| bool(x) -> bool
|
| Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise.
| The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool.
| The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| bool
| int
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from int:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __hex__(...)
| x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
|
| __index__(...)
| x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __invert__(...)
| x.__invert__() <==> ~x
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lshift__(...)
| x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __oct__(...)
| x.__oct__() <==> oct(x)
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rlshift__(...)
| x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rrshift__(...)
| x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x
|
| __rshift__(...)
| x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Truncating an Integral returns itself.
|
| bit_length(...)
| int.bit_length() -> int
|
| Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
| >>> bin(37)
| '0b100101'
| >>> (37).bit_length()
| 6
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from int:
|
| denominator
| the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| numerator
| the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
class buffer(object)
| buffer(object [, offset[, size]])
|
| Create a new buffer object which references the given object.
| The buffer will reference a slice of the target object from the
| start of the object (or at the specified offset). The slice will
| extend to the end of the target object (or with the specified size).
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __delslice__(...)
| x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __setslice__(...)
| x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class bytearray(object)
| bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray.
| bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray.
| bytearray(bytes_or_bytearray) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_bytearray.
| bytearray(memory_view) -> bytearray.
|
| Construct an mutable bytearray object from:
| - an iterable yielding integers in range(256)
| - a text string encoded using the specified encoding
| - a bytes or a bytearray object
| - any object implementing the buffer API.
|
| bytearray(int) -> bytearray.
|
| Construct a zero-initialized bytearray of the given length.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __alloc__(...)
| B.__alloc__() -> int
|
| Returns the number of bytes actually allocated.
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __iadd__(...)
| x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y
|
| __imul__(...)
| x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| B.__sizeof__() -> int
|
| Returns the size of B in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| append(...)
| B.append(int) -> None
|
| Append a single item to the end of B.
|
| capitalize(...)
| B.capitalize() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII)
| and the rest lower-cased.
|
| center(...)
| B.center(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B
|
| Return B centered in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| count(...)
| B.count(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in
| bytes B[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
| as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| B.decode([encoding[, errors]]) -> unicode object.
|
| Decodes B using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| B.endswith(suffix [,start [,end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test B beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| B.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| extend(...)
| B.extend(iterable int) -> None
|
| Append all the elements from the iterator or sequence to the
| end of B.
|
| find(...)
| B.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| fromhex(...)
| bytearray.fromhex(string) -> bytearray
|
| Create a bytearray object from a string of hexadecimal numbers.
| Spaces between two numbers are accepted.
| Example: bytearray.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> bytearray(b'\xb9\x01\xef').
|
| index(...)
| B.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like B.find() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.
|
| insert(...)
| B.insert(index, int) -> None
|
| Insert a single item into the bytearray before the given index.
|
| isalnum(...)
| B.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| B.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| B.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are digits
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| B.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| B.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in B are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| B.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
| characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
| otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| B.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| B.join(iterable_of_bytes) -> bytes
|
| Concatenates any number of bytearray objects, with B in between each pair.
|
| ljust(...)
| B.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B
|
| Return B left justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| B.lower() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| B.lstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray
|
| Strip leading bytes contained in the argument.
| If the argument is omitted, strip leading ASCII whitespace.
|
| partition(...)
| B.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Searches for the separator sep in B, and returns the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, returns B and two empty bytearray objects.
|
| pop(...)
| B.pop([index]) -> int
|
| Remove and return a single item from B. If no index
| argument is given, will pop the last value.
|
| remove(...)
| B.remove(int) -> None
|
| Remove the first occurance of a value in B.
|
| replace(...)
| B.replace(old, new[, count]) -> bytes
|
| Return a copy of B with all occurrences of subsection
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| reverse(...)
| B.reverse() -> None
|
| Reverse the order of the values in B in place.
|
| rfind(...)
| B.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| B.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like B.rfind() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| B.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B
|
| Return B right justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| rpartition(...)
| B.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Searches for the separator sep in B, starting at the end of B,
| and returns the part before it, the separator itself, and the
| part after it. If the separator is not found, returns two empty
| bytearray objects and B.
|
| rsplit(...)
| B.rsplit(sep[, maxsplit]) -> list of bytearray
|
| Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter,
| starting at the end of B and working to the front.
| If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters
| (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).
| If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.
|
| rstrip(...)
| B.rstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray
|
| Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument.
| If the argument is omitted, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.
|
| split(...)
| B.split([sep[, maxsplit]]) -> list of bytearray
|
| Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter.
| If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters
| (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).
| If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.
|
| splitlines(...)
| B.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of lines
|
| Return a list of the lines in B, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| B.startswith(prefix [,start [,end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test B beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| B.strip([bytes]) -> bytearray
|
| Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument.
| If the argument is omitted, strip ASCII whitespace.
|
| swapcase(...)
| B.swapcase() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted
| to lowercase ASCII and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| B.title() -> copy of B
|
| Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
|
| translate(...)
| B.translate(table[, deletechars]) -> bytearray
|
| Return a copy of B, where all characters occurring in the
| optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining
| characters have been mapped through the given translation
| table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.
|
| upper(...)
| B.upper() -> copy of B
|
| Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| B.zfill(width) -> copy of B
|
| Pad a numeric string B with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. B is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
bytes = class str(basestring)
| str(object) -> string
|
| Return a nice string representation of the object.
| If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
|
| Method resolution order:
| str
| basestring
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __format__(...)
| S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| capitalize(...)
| S.capitalize() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
| capitalized.
|
| center(...)
| S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| count(...)
| S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
| string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
| as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| encode(...)
| S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
| 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
| codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| find(...)
| S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| format(...)
| S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
| The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
|
| index(...)
| S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| isalnum(...)
| S.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| S.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| S.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are digits
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| S.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| S.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| S.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
| characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
| otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| S.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| S.join(iterable) -> string
|
| Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
| iterable. The separator between elements is S.
|
| ljust(...)
| S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| S.lower() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| partition(...)
| S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, return S and two empty strings.
|
| replace(...)
| S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| rfind(...)
| S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| rpartition(...)
| S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
| the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
| separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
|
| rsplit(...)
| S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
| to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
| done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
| is a separator.
|
| rstrip(...)
| S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| split(...)
| S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
| whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
| from the result.
|
| splitlines(...)
| S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
| whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| swapcase(...)
| S.swapcase() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
| converted to lowercase and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| S.title() -> string
|
| Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
|
| translate(...)
| S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
| in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
| remaining characters have been mapped through the given
| translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
| If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
| the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
|
| upper(...)
| S.upper() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| S.zfill(width) -> string
|
| Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class classmethod(object)
| classmethod(function) -> method
|
| Convert a function to be a class method.
|
| A class method receives the class as implicit first argument,
| just like an instance method receives the instance.
| To declare a class method, use this idiom:
|
| class C:
| def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ...
| f = classmethod(f)
|
| It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance
| (e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.
| If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class
| object is passed as the implied first argument.
|
| Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods.
| If you want those, see the staticmethod builtin.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __func__
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class complex(object)
| complex(real[, imag]) -> complex number
|
| Create a complex number from a real part and an optional imaginary part.
| This is equivalent to (real + imag*1j) where imag defaults to 0.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
| complex.__format__() -> str
|
| Converts to a string according to format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| conjugate(...)
| complex.conjugate() -> complex
|
| Returns the complex conjugate of its argument. (3-4j).conjugate() == 3+4j.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class dict(object)
| dict() -> new empty dictionary
| dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
| (key, value) pairs
| dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
| d = {}
| for k, v in iterable:
| d[k] = v
| dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
| in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __contains__(...)
| D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes
|
| clear(...)
| D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D.
|
| copy(...)
| D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D
|
| fromkeys(...)
| dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
| v defaults to None.
|
| get(...)
| D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None.
|
| has_key(...)
| D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
|
| items(...)
| D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples
|
| iteritems(...)
| D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D
|
| iterkeys(...)
| D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D
|
| itervalues(...)
| D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D
|
| keys(...)
| D.keys() -> list of D's keys
|
| pop(...)
| D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
| If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
|
| popitem(...)
| D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
| 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
|
| setdefault(...)
| D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D
|
| update(...)
| D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
| If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
| If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
| In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
|
| values(...)
| D.values() -> list of D's values
|
| viewitems(...)
| D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items
|
| viewkeys(...)
| D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys
|
| viewvalues(...)
| D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class enumerate(object)
| enumerate(iterable[, start]) -> iterator for index, value of iterable
|
| Return an enumerate object. iterable must be another object that supports
| iteration. The enumerate object yields pairs containing a count (from
| start, which defaults to zero) and a value yielded by the iterable argument.
| enumerate is useful for obtaining an indexed list:
| (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), ...
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| next(...)
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class file(object)
| file(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object
|
| Open a file. The mode can be 'r', 'w' or 'a' for reading (default),
| writing or appending. The file will be created if it doesn't exist
| when opened for writing or appending; it will be truncated when
| opened for writing. Add a 'b' to the mode for binary files.
| Add a '+' to the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing.
| If the buffering argument is given, 0 means unbuffered, 1 means line
| buffered, and larger numbers specify the buffer size. The preferred way
| to open a file is with the builtin open() function.
| Add a 'U' to mode to open the file for input with universal newline
| support. Any line ending in the input file will be seen as a '\n'
| in Python. Also, a file so opened gains the attribute 'newlines';
| the value for this attribute is one of None (no newline read yet),
| '\r', '\n', '\r\n' or a tuple containing all the newline types seen.
|
| 'U' cannot be combined with 'w' or '+' mode.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __enter__(...)
| __enter__() -> self.
|
| __exit__(...)
| __exit__(*excinfo) -> None. Closes the file.
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| close(...)
| close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer. Close the file.
|
| Sets data attribute .closed to True. A closed file cannot be used for
| further I/O operations. close() may be called more than once without
| error. Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())
| may return an exit status upon closing.
|
| fileno(...)
| fileno() -> integer "file descriptor".
|
| This is needed for lower-level file interfaces, such os.read().
|
| flush(...)
| flush() -> None. Flush the internal I/O buffer.
|
| isatty(...)
| isatty() -> true or false. True if the file is connected to a tty device.
|
| next(...)
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| read(...)
| read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string.
|
| If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.
| Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested
| may be returned, even if no size parameter was given.
|
| readinto(...)
| readinto() -> Undocumented. Don't use this; it may go away.
|
| readline(...)
| readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.
|
| Retain newline. A non-negative size argument limits the maximum
| number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).
| Return an empty string at EOF.
|
| readlines(...)
| readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file.
|
| Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read.
| The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the
| total number of bytes in the lines returned.
|
| seek(...)
| seek(offset[, whence]) -> None. Move to new file position.
|
| Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to
| 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1
| (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (move
| relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow
| seeking beyond the end of a file). If the file is opened in text mode,
| only offsets returned by tell() are legal. Use of other offsets causes
| undefined behavior.
| Note that not all file objects are seekable.
|
| tell(...)
| tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer).
|
| truncate(...)
| truncate([size]) -> None. Truncate the file to at most size bytes.
|
| Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().
|
| write(...)
| write(str) -> None. Write string str to file.
|
| Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before
| the file on disk reflects the data written.
|
| writelines(...)
| writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None. Write the strings to the file.
|
| Note that newlines are not added. The sequence can be any iterable object
| producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.
|
| xreadlines(...)
| xreadlines() -> returns self.
|
| For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performance
| optimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| closed
| True if the file is closed
|
| encoding
| file encoding
|
| errors
| Unicode error handler
|
| mode
| file mode ('r', 'U', 'w', 'a', possibly with 'b' or '+' added)
|
| name
| file name
|
| newlines
| end-of-line convention used in this file
|
| softspace
| flag indicating that a space needs to be printed; used by print
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class float(object)
| float(x) -> floating point number
|
| Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
| float.__format__(format_spec) -> string
|
| Formats the float according to format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getformat__(...)
| float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string
|
| You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
| used in Python's test suite.
|
| typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. This function returns whichever of
| 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the
| format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr.
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __setformat__(...)
| float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None
|
| You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
| used in Python's test suite.
|
| typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt must be one of 'unknown',
| 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be
| one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality.
|
| Overrides the automatic determination of C-level floating point type.
| This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings.
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Returns the Integral closest to x between 0 and x.
|
| as_integer_ratio(...)
| float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int)
|
| Returns a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original
| float and with a positive denominator.
| Raises OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs.
|
| >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio()
| (10, 1)
| >>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio()
| (0, 1)
| >>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio()
| (-1, 4)
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any float.
|
| fromhex(...)
| float.fromhex(string) -> float
|
| Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string.
| >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10')
| 2047.984375
| >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074')
| -4.9406564584124654e-324
|
| hex(...)
| float.hex() -> string
|
| Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number.
| >>> (-0.1).hex()
| '-0x1.999999999999ap-4'
| >>> 3.14159.hex()
| '0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'
|
| is_integer(...)
| Returns True if the float is an integer.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class frozenset(object)
| frozenset() -> empty frozenset object
| frozenset(iterable) -> frozenset object
|
| Build an immutable unordered collection of unique elements.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| copy(...)
| Return a shallow copy of a set.
|
| difference(...)
| Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
|
| intersection(...)
| Return the intersection of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. elements that are common to all of the sets.)
|
| isdisjoint(...)
| Return True if two sets have a null intersection.
|
| issubset(...)
| Report whether another set contains this set.
|
| issuperset(...)
| Report whether this set contains another set.
|
| symmetric_difference(...)
| Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
|
| union(...)
| Return the union of sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class int(object)
| int(x[, base]) -> integer
|
| Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible. A floating point
| argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string
| representation of a floating point number!) When converting a string, use
| the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when converting a
| non-string. If base is zero, the proper base is guessed based on the
| string content. If the argument is outside the integer range a
| long object will be returned instead.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __hex__(...)
| x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
|
| __index__(...)
| x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __invert__(...)
| x.__invert__() <==> ~x
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lshift__(...)
| x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __oct__(...)
| x.__oct__() <==> oct(x)
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rlshift__(...)
| x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rrshift__(...)
| x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x
|
| __rshift__(...)
| x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Truncating an Integral returns itself.
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| bit_length(...)
| int.bit_length() -> int
|
| Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
| >>> bin(37)
| '0b100101'
| >>> (37).bit_length()
| 6
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| denominator
| the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| numerator
| the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class list(object)
| list() -> new empty list
| list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __delslice__(...)
| x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __iadd__(...)
| x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y
|
| __imul__(...)
| x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __reversed__(...)
| L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| __setslice__(...)
| x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes
|
| append(...)
| L.append(object) -- append object to end
|
| count(...)
| L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
|
| extend(...)
| L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
|
| index(...)
| L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| insert(...)
| L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
|
| pop(...)
| L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
| Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
|
| remove(...)
| L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| reverse(...)
| L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
|
| sort(...)
| L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
| cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class long(object)
| long(x[, base]) -> integer
|
| Convert a string or number to a long integer, if possible. A floating
| point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a
| string representation of a floating point number!) When converting a
| string, use the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when
| converting a non-string.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __abs__(...)
| x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __coerce__(...)
| x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
|
| __div__(...)
| x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __divmod__(...)
| x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
|
| __float__(...)
| x.__float__() <==> float(x)
|
| __floordiv__(...)
| x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
|
| __format__(...)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __hex__(...)
| x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
|
| __index__(...)
| x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
|
| __int__(...)
| x.__int__() <==> int(x)
|
| __invert__(...)
| x.__invert__() <==> ~x
|
| __long__(...)
| x.__long__() <==> long(x)
|
| __lshift__(...)
| x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y
|
| __neg__(...)
| x.__neg__() <==> -x
|
| __nonzero__(...)
| x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0
|
| __oct__(...)
| x.__oct__() <==> oct(x)
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __pos__(...)
| x.__pos__() <==> +x
|
| __pow__(...)
| x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __radd__(...)
| x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __rdiv__(...)
| x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rdivmod__(...)
| x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rfloordiv__(...)
| x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x
|
| __rlshift__(...)
| x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rpow__(...)
| y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z])
|
| __rrshift__(...)
| x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x
|
| __rshift__(...)
| x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rtruediv__(...)
| x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| Returns size in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __truediv__(...)
| x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y
|
| __trunc__(...)
| Truncating an Integral returns itself.
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| bit_length(...)
| long.bit_length() -> int or long
|
| Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
| >>> bin(37L)
| '0b100101'
| >>> (37L).bit_length()
| 6
|
| conjugate(...)
| Returns self, the complex conjugate of any long.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| denominator
| the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| imag
| the imaginary part of a complex number
|
| numerator
| the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
|
| real
| the real part of a complex number
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class memoryview(object)
| memoryview(object)
|
| Create a new memoryview object which references the given object.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delitem__(...)
| x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setitem__(...)
| x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
|
| tobytes(...)
|
| tolist(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| format
|
| itemsize
|
| ndim
|
| readonly
|
| shape
|
| strides
|
| suboffsets
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class object
| The most base type
class property(object)
| property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None) -> property attribute
|
| fget is a function to be used for getting an attribute value, and likewise
| fset is a function for setting, and fdel a function for del'ing, an
| attribute. Typical use is to define a managed attribute x:
| class C(object):
| def getx(self): return self._x
| def setx(self, value): self._x = value
| def delx(self): del self._x
| x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.")
|
| Decorators make defining new properties or modifying existing ones easy:
| class C(object):
| @property
| def x(self): return self._x
| @x.setter
| def x(self, value): self._x = value
| @x.deleter
| def x(self): del self._x
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delete__(...)
| descr.__delete__(obj)
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __set__(...)
| descr.__set__(obj, value)
|
| deleter(...)
| Descriptor to change the deleter on a property.
|
| getter(...)
| Descriptor to change the getter on a property.
|
| setter(...)
| Descriptor to change the setter on a property.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| fdel
|
| fget
|
| fset
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class reversed(object)
| reversed(sequence) -> reverse iterator over values of the sequence
|
| Return a reverse iterator
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __length_hint__(...)
| Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).
|
| next(...)
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class set(object)
| set() -> new empty set object
| set(iterable) -> new set object
|
| Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __and__(...)
| x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __iand__(...)
| x.__iand__(y) <==> x&=y
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __ior__(...)
| x.__ior__(y) <==> x|=y
|
| __isub__(...)
| x.__isub__(y) <==> x-=y
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __ixor__(...)
| x.__ixor__(y) <==> x^=y
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __or__(...)
| x.__or__(y) <==> x|y
|
| __rand__(...)
| x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __ror__(...)
| x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x
|
| __rsub__(...)
| x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x
|
| __rxor__(...)
| x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __sub__(...)
| x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y
|
| __xor__(...)
| x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
|
| add(...)
| Add an element to a set.
|
| This has no effect if the element is already present.
|
| clear(...)
| Remove all elements from this set.
|
| copy(...)
| Return a shallow copy of a set.
|
| difference(...)
| Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
|
| difference_update(...)
| Remove all elements of another set from this set.
|
| discard(...)
| Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
|
| If the element is not a member, do nothing.
|
| intersection(...)
| Return the intersection of two or more sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. elements that are common to all of the sets.)
|
| intersection_update(...)
| Update a set with the intersection of itself and another.
|
| isdisjoint(...)
| Return True if two sets have a null intersection.
|
| issubset(...)
| Report whether another set contains this set.
|
| issuperset(...)
| Report whether this set contains another set.
|
| pop(...)
| Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
| Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
|
| remove(...)
| Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
|
| If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
|
| symmetric_difference(...)
| Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
|
| symmetric_difference_update(...)
| Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another.
|
| union(...)
| Return the union of sets as a new set.
|
| (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
|
| update(...)
| Update a set with the union of itself and others.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __hash__ = None
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class slice(object)
| slice([start,] stop[, step])
|
| Create a slice object. This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __cmp__(...)
| x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| indices(...)
| S.indices(len) -> (start, stop, stride)
|
| Assuming a sequence of length len, calculate the start and stop
| indices, and the stride length of the extended slice described by
| S. Out of bounds indices are clipped in a manner consistent with the
| handling of normal slices.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| start
|
| step
|
| stop
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class staticmethod(object)
| staticmethod(function) -> method
|
| Convert a function to be a static method.
|
| A static method does not receive an implicit first argument.
| To declare a static method, use this idiom:
|
| class C:
| def f(arg1, arg2, ...): ...
| f = staticmethod(f)
|
| It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance
| (e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.
|
| Static methods in Python are similar to those found in Java or C++.
| For a more advanced concept, see the classmethod builtin.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __func__
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class str(basestring)
| str(object) -> string
|
| Return a nice string representation of the object.
| If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
|
| Method resolution order:
| str
| basestring
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __format__(...)
| S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| capitalize(...)
| S.capitalize() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
| capitalized.
|
| center(...)
| S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| count(...)
| S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
| string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
| as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| encode(...)
| S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
|
| Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
| 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
| codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| find(...)
| S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| format(...)
| S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
|
| Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
| The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
|
| index(...)
| S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| isalnum(...)
| S.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| S.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| S.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are digits
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| S.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| S.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| S.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
| characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
| otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| S.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| S.join(iterable) -> string
|
| Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
| iterable. The separator between elements is S.
|
| ljust(...)
| S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| S.lower() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| partition(...)
| S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, return S and two empty strings.
|
| replace(...)
| S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| rfind(...)
| S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
|
| Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| rpartition(...)
| S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
| the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
| separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
|
| rsplit(...)
| S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
| to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
| done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
| is a separator.
|
| rstrip(...)
| S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| split(...)
| S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
| delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
| whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
| from the result.
|
| splitlines(...)
| S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
| whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| swapcase(...)
| S.swapcase() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
| converted to lowercase and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| S.title() -> string
|
| Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
|
| translate(...)
| S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
| in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
| remaining characters have been mapped through the given
| translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
| If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
| the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
|
| upper(...)
| S.upper() -> string
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| S.zfill(width) -> string
|
| Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class super(object)
| super(type) -> unbound super object
| super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type)
| super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type)
| Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method:
| class C(B):
| def meth(self, arg):
| super(C, self).meth(arg)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __get__(...)
| descr.__get__(obj[, type]) -> value
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __self__
| the instance invoking super(); may be None
|
| __self_class__
| the type of the instance invoking super(); may be None
|
| __thisclass__
| the class invoking super()
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class tuple(object)
| tuple() -> empty tuple
| tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
|
| If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes
|
| count(...)
| T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
|
| index(...)
| T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
| Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class type(object)
| type(object) -> the object's type
| type(name, bases, dict) -> a new type
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __call__(...)
| x.__call__(...) <==> x(...)
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __instancecheck__(...)
| __instancecheck__() -> bool
| check if an object is an instance
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __subclasscheck__(...)
| __subclasscheck__() -> bool
| check if a class is a subclass
|
| __subclasses__(...)
| __subclasses__() -> list of immediate subclasses
|
| mro(...)
| mro() -> list
| return a type's method resolution order
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __abstractmethods__
|
| __base__
|
| __bases__
|
| __basicsize__
|
| __dict__
|
| __dictoffset__
|
| __flags__
|
| __itemsize__
|
| __mro__
|
| __weakrefoffset__
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class unicode(basestring)
| unicode(string [, encoding[, errors]]) -> object
|
| Create a new Unicode object from the given encoded string.
| encoding defaults to the current default string encoding.
| errors can be 'strict', 'replace' or 'ignore' and defaults to 'strict'.
|
| Method resolution order:
| unicode
| basestring
| object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __add__(...)
| x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __format__(...)
| S.__format__(format_spec) -> unicode
|
| Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getnewargs__(...)
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __mod__(...)
| x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
|
| __mul__(...)
| x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __rmod__(...)
| x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
|
| __rmul__(...)
| x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
|
| __sizeof__(...)
| S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| capitalize(...)
| S.capitalize() -> unicode
|
| Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
| have upper case and the rest lower case.
|
| center(...)
| S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> unicode
|
| Return S centered in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
|
| count(...)
| S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
|
| Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
| Unicode string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
| interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| decode(...)
| S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> string or unicode
|
| Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
| as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
| able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
|
| encode(...)
| S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> string or unicode
|
| Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
| to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
| handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
| a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
| 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
| codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
|
| endswith(...)
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| expandtabs(...)
| S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
| If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
|
| find(...)
| S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| format(...)
| S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> unicode
|
| Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
| The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
|
| index(...)
| S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| isalnum(...)
| S.isalnum() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isalpha(...)
| S.isalpha() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isdecimal(...)
| S.isdecimal() -> bool
|
| Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
| False otherwise.
|
| isdigit(...)
| S.isdigit() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are digits
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| islower(...)
| S.islower() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| isnumeric(...)
| S.isnumeric() -> bool
|
| Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
| False otherwise.
|
| isspace(...)
| S.isspace() -> bool
|
| Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
| and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
|
| istitle(...)
| S.istitle() -> bool
|
| Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
| character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
| follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
| Return False otherwise.
|
| isupper(...)
| S.isupper() -> bool
|
| Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
| at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
|
| join(...)
| S.join(iterable) -> unicode
|
| Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
| iterable. The separator between elements is S.
|
| ljust(...)
| S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> int
|
| Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| lower(...)
| S.lower() -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
|
| lstrip(...)
| S.lstrip([chars]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is a str, it will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| partition(...)
| S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
| the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
| found, return S and two empty strings.
|
| replace(...)
| S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
| old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
| given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
|
| rfind(...)
| S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
| such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
| arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
|
| Return -1 on failure.
|
| rindex(...)
| S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
|
| Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
|
| rjust(...)
| S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> unicode
|
| Return S right-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
| done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
|
| rpartition(...)
| S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
|
| Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
| the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
| separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
|
| rsplit(...)
| S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
| delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
| working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
| is a separator.
|
| rstrip(...)
| S.rstrip([chars]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is a str, it will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| split(...)
| S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
| delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
| splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
| whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
| removed from the result.
|
| splitlines(...)
| S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
|
| Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
| Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
| is given and true.
|
| startswith(...)
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
|
| Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
| With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
| With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
| prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
|
| strip(...)
| S.strip([chars]) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
| whitespace removed.
| If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
| If chars is a str, it will be converted to unicode before stripping
|
| swapcase(...)
| S.swapcase() -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
| and vice versa.
|
| title(...)
| S.title() -> unicode
|
| Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
| characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
|
| translate(...)
| S.translate(table) -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of the string S, where all characters have been mapped
| through the given translation table, which must be a mapping of
| Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, Unicode strings or None.
| Unmapped characters are left untouched. Characters mapped to None
| are deleted.
|
| upper(...)
| S.upper() -> unicode
|
| Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
|
| zfill(...)
| S.zfill(width) -> unicode
|
| Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
| of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class xrange(object)
| xrange([start,] stop[, step]) -> xrange object
|
| Like range(), but instead of returning a list, returns an object that
| generates the numbers in the range on demand. For looping, this is
| slightly faster than range() and more memory efficient.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __reversed__(...)
| Returns a reverse iterator.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
FUNCTIONS
__import__(...)
__import__(name, globals={}, locals={}, fromlist=[], level=-1) -> module
Import a module. The globals are only used to determine the context;
they are not modified. The locals are currently unused. The fromlist
should be a list of names to emulate ``from name import ...'', or an
empty list to emulate ``import name''.
When importing a module from a package, note that __import__('A.B', ...)
returns package A when fromlist is empty, but its submodule B when
fromlist is not empty. Level is used to determine whether to perform
absolute or relative imports. -1 is the original strategy of attempting
both absolute and relative imports, 0 is absolute, a positive number
is the number of parent directories to search relative to the current module.
abs(...)
abs(number) -> number
Return the absolute value of the argument.
all(...)
all(iterable) -> bool
Return True if bool(x) is True for all values x in the iterable.
any(...)
any(iterable) -> bool
Return True if bool(x) is True for any x in the iterable.
apply(...)
apply(object[, args[, kwargs]]) -> value
Call a callable object with positional arguments taken from the tuple args,
and keyword arguments taken from the optional dictionary kwargs.
Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.
Deprecated since release 2.3. Instead, use the extended call syntax:
function(*args, **keywords).
bin(...)
bin(number) -> string
Return the binary representation of an integer or long integer.
callable(...)
callable(object) -> bool
Return whether the object is callable (i.e., some kind of function).
Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.
chr(...)
chr(i) -> character
Return a string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i < 256.
cmp(...)
cmp(x, y) -> integer
Return negative if x<y, zero if x==y, positive if x>y.
coerce(...)
coerce(x, y) -> (x1, y1)
Return a tuple consisting of the two numeric arguments converted to
a common type, using the same rules as used by arithmetic operations.
If coercion is not possible, raise TypeError.
compile(...)
compile(source, filename, mode[, flags[, dont_inherit]]) -> code object
Compile the source string (a Python module, statement or expression)
into a code object that can be executed by the exec statement or eval().
The filename will be used for run-time error messages.
The mode must be 'exec' to compile a module, 'single' to compile a
single (interactive) statement, or 'eval' to compile an expression.
The flags argument, if present, controls which future statements influence
the compilation of the code.
The dont_inherit argument, if non-zero, stops the compilation inheriting
the effects of any future statements in effect in the code calling
compile; if absent or zero these statements do influence the compilation,
in addition to any features explicitly specified.
delattr(...)
delattr(object, name)
Delete a named attribute on an object; delattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to
``del x.y''.
dir(...)
dir([object]) -> list of strings
If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.
Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes
of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it.
If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise
the default dir() logic is used and returns:
for a module object: the module's attributes.
for a class object: its attributes, and recursively the attributes
of its bases.
for any other object: its attributes, its class's attributes, and
recursively the attributes of its class's base classes.
divmod(...)
divmod(x, y) -> (quotient, remainder)
Return the tuple ((x-x%y)/y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x.
eval(...)
eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
The source may be a string representing a Python expression
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
execfile(...)
execfile(filename[, globals[, locals]])
Read and execute a Python script from a file.
The globals and locals are dictionaries, defaulting to the current
globals and locals. If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
filter(...)
filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string
Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true. If
function is None, return the items that are true. If sequence is a tuple
or string, return the same type, else return a list.
format(...)
format(value[, format_spec]) -> string
Returns value.__format__(format_spec)
format_spec defaults to ""
getattr(...)
getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value
Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.
When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't
exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case.
globals(...)
globals() -> dictionary
Return the dictionary containing the current scope's global variables.
hasattr(...)
hasattr(object, name) -> bool
Return whether the object has an attribute with the given name.
(This is done by calling getattr(object, name) and catching exceptions.)
hash(...)
hash(object) -> integer
Return a hash value for the object. Two objects with the same value have
the same hash value. The reverse is not necessarily true, but likely.
hex(...)
hex(number) -> string
Return the hexadecimal representation of an integer or long integer.
id(...)
id(object) -> integer
Return the identity of an object. This is guaranteed to be unique among
simultaneously existing objects. (Hint: it's the object's memory address.)
input(...)
input([prompt]) -> value
Equivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt)).
intern(...)
intern(string) -> string
``Intern'' the given string. This enters the string in the (global)
table of interned strings whose purpose is to speed up dictionary lookups.
Return the string itself or the previously interned string object with the
same value.
isinstance(...)
isinstance(object, class-or-type-or-tuple) -> bool
Return whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof.
With a type as second argument, return whether that is the object's type.
The form using a tuple, isinstance(x, (A, B, ...)), is a shortcut for
isinstance(x, A) or isinstance(x, B) or ... (etc.).
issubclass(...)
issubclass(C, B) -> bool
Return whether class C is a subclass (i.e., a derived class) of class B.
When using a tuple as the second argument issubclass(X, (A, B, ...)),
is a shortcut for issubclass(X, A) or issubclass(X, B) or ... (etc.).
iter(...)
iter(collection) -> iterator
iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator
Get an iterator from an object. In the first form, the argument must
supply its own iterator, or be a sequence.
In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the sentinel.
len(...)
len(object) -> integer
Return the number of items of a sequence or mapping.
locals(...)
locals() -> dictionary
Update and return a dictionary containing the current scope's local variables.
map(...)
map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list
Return a list of the results of applying the function to the items of
the argument sequence(s). If more than one sequence is given, the
function is called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding
item of each sequence, substituting None for missing values when not all
sequences have the same length. If the function is None, return a list of
the items of the sequence (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).
max(...)
max(iterable[, key=func]) -> value
max(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value
With a single iterable argument, return its largest item.
With two or more arguments, return the largest argument.
min(...)
min(iterable[, key=func]) -> value
min(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value
With a single iterable argument, return its smallest item.
With two or more arguments, return the smallest argument.
next(...)
next(iterator[, default])
Return the next item from the iterator. If default is given and the iterator
is exhausted, it is returned instead of raising StopIteration.
oct(...)
oct(number) -> string
Return the octal representation of an integer or long integer.
open(...)
open(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object
Open a file using the file() type, returns a file object. This is the
preferred way to open a file. See file.__doc__ for further information.
ord(...)
ord(c) -> integer
Return the integer ordinal of a one-character string.
pow(...)
pow(x, y[, z]) -> number
With two arguments, equivalent to x**y. With three arguments,
equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for longs).
print(...)
print(value, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout)
Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.
Optional keyword arguments:
file: a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.
sep: string inserted between values, default a space.
end: string appended after the last value, default a newline.
range(...)
range([start,] stop[, step]) -> list of integers
Return a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers.
range(i, j) returns [i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1]; start (!) defaults to 0.
When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).
For example, range(4) returns [0, 1, 2, 3]. The end point is omitted!
These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements.
raw_input(...)
raw_input([prompt]) -> string
Read a string from standard input. The trailing newline is stripped.
If the user hits EOF (Unix: Ctl-D, Windows: Ctl-Z+Return), raise EOFError.
On Unix, GNU readline is used if enabled. The prompt string, if given,
is printed without a trailing newline before reading.
reduce(...)
reduce(function, sequence[, initial]) -> value
Apply a function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of a sequence,
from left to right, so as to reduce the sequence to a single value.
For example, reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) calculates
((((1+2)+3)+4)+5). If initial is present, it is placed before the items
of the sequence in the calculation, and serves as a default when the
sequence is empty.
reload(...)
reload(module) -> module
Reload the module. The module must have been successfully imported before.
repr(...)
repr(object) -> string
Return the canonical string representation of the object.
For most object types, eval(repr(object)) == object.
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits]) -> floating point number
Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This always returns a floating point number. Precision may be negative.
setattr(...)
setattr(object, name, value)
Set a named attribute on an object; setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to
``x.y = v''.
sorted(...)
sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) --> new sorted list
sum(...)
sum(sequence[, start]) -> value
Returns the sum of a sequence of numbers (NOT strings) plus the value
of parameter 'start' (which defaults to 0). When the sequence is
empty, returns start.
unichr(...)
unichr(i) -> Unicode character
Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i <= 0x10ffff.
vars(...)
vars([object]) -> dictionary
Without arguments, equivalent to locals().
With an argument, equivalent to object.__dict__.
zip(...)
zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)]
Return a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the i-th element
from each of the argument sequences. The returned list is truncated
in length to the length of the shortest argument sequence.
DATA
Ellipsis = Ellipsis
False = False
None = None
NotImplemented = NotImplemented
True = True
__debug__ = True
copyright = Copyright (c) 2001-2012 Python Software Foundati...ematisc...
credits = Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corpor...opment. ...
exit = Use exit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit
help = Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help abou...
license = Type license() to see the full license text
quit = Use quit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit
>>> i = (2:'cde')
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> i = ('ab')
>>> i
'ab'
>>> i.append(('cd))
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal
>>> i.append('cd')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#27>", line 1, in <module>
i.append('cd')
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'append'
>>> i = [(1),(2),(3)]
>>> i
[1, 2, 3]
>>> repr(i)
'[1, 2, 3]'
>>> i = (1,2,3)
>>> i
(1, 2, 3)
>>> repr(i)
'(1, 2, 3)'
>>> print i
(1, 2, 3)
>>> help('zipfile')
Help on module zipfile:
NAME
zipfile - Read and write ZIP files.
FILE
c:\python27\lib\zipfile.py
CLASSES
__builtin__.object
ZipInfo
exceptions.Exception(exceptions.BaseException)
BadZipfile
BadZipfile
LargeZipFile
ZipFile
PyZipFile
class BadZipfile(exceptions.Exception)
| Method resolution order:
| BadZipfile
| exceptions.Exception
| exceptions.BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from exceptions.Exception:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes inherited from exceptions.Exception:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from exceptions.BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from exceptions.BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class LargeZipFile(exceptions.Exception)
| Raised when writing a zipfile, the zipfile requires ZIP64 extensions
| and those extensions are disabled.
|
| Method resolution order:
| LargeZipFile
| exceptions.Exception
| exceptions.BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from exceptions.Exception:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes inherited from exceptions.Exception:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from exceptions.BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from exceptions.BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class PyZipFile(ZipFile)
| Class to create ZIP archives with Python library files and packages.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| writepy(self, pathname, basename='')
| Add all files from "pathname" to the ZIP archive.
|
| If pathname is a package directory, search the directory and
| all package subdirectories recursively for all *.py and enter
| the modules into the archive. If pathname is a plain
| directory, listdir *.py and enter all modules. Else, pathname
| must be a Python *.py file and the module will be put into the
| archive. Added modules are always module.pyo or module.pyc.
| This method will compile the module.py into module.pyc if
| necessary.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from ZipFile:
|
| __del__(self)
| Call the "close()" method in case the user forgot.
|
| __enter__(self)
|
| __exit__(self, type, value, traceback)
|
| __init__(self, file, mode='r', compression=0, allowZip64=False)
| Open the ZIP file with mode read "r", write "w" or append "a".
|
| close(self)
| Close the file, and for mode "w" and "a" write the ending
| records.
|
| extract(self, member, path=None, pwd=None)
| Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory,
| using its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately
| as possible. `member' may be a filename or a ZipInfo object. You can
| specify a different directory using `path'.
|
| extractall(self, path=None, members=None, pwd=None)
| Extract all members from the archive to the current working
| directory. `path' specifies a different directory to extract to.
| `members' is optional and must be a subset of the list returned
| by namelist().
|
| getinfo(self, name)
| Return the instance of ZipInfo given 'name'.
|
| infolist(self)
| Return a list of class ZipInfo instances for files in the
| archive.
|
| namelist(self)
| Return a list of file names in the archive.
|
| open(self, name, mode='r', pwd=None)
| Return file-like object for 'name'.
|
| printdir(self)
| Print a table of contents for the zip file.
|
| read(self, name, pwd=None)
| Return file bytes (as a string) for name.
|
| setpassword(self, pwd)
| Set default password for encrypted files.
|
| testzip(self)
| Read all the files and check the CRC.
|
| write(self, filename, arcname=None, compress_type=None)
| Put the bytes from filename into the archive under the name
| arcname.
|
| writestr(self, zinfo_or_arcname, bytes, compress_type=None)
| Write a file into the archive. The contents is the string
| 'bytes'. 'zinfo_or_arcname' is either a ZipInfo instance or
| the name of the file in the archive.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes inherited from ZipFile:
|
| fp = None
class ZipFile
| Class with methods to open, read, write, close, list zip files.
|
| z = ZipFile(file, mode="r", compression=ZIP_STORED, allowZip64=False)
|
| file: Either the path to the file, or a file-like object.
| If it is a path, the file will be opened and closed by ZipFile.
| mode: The mode can be either read "r", write "w" or append "a".
| compression: ZIP_STORED (no compression) or ZIP_DEFLATED (requires zlib).
| allowZip64: if True ZipFile will create files with ZIP64 extensions when
| needed, otherwise it will raise an exception when this would
| be necessary.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __del__(self)
| Call the "close()" method in case the user forgot.
|
| __enter__(self)
|
| __exit__(self, type, value, traceback)
|
| __init__(self, file, mode='r', compression=0, allowZip64=False)
| Open the ZIP file with mode read "r", write "w" or append "a".
|
| close(self)
| Close the file, and for mode "w" and "a" write the ending
| records.
|
| extract(self, member, path=None, pwd=None)
| Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory,
| using its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately
| as possible. `member' may be a filename or a ZipInfo object. You can
| specify a different directory using `path'.
|
| extractall(self, path=None, members=None, pwd=None)
| Extract all members from the archive to the current working
| directory. `path' specifies a different directory to extract to.
| `members' is optional and must be a subset of the list returned
| by namelist().
|
| getinfo(self, name)
| Return the instance of ZipInfo given 'name'.
|
| infolist(self)
| Return a list of class ZipInfo instances for files in the
| archive.
|
| namelist(self)
| Return a list of file names in the archive.
|
| open(self, name, mode='r', pwd=None)
| Return file-like object for 'name'.
|
| printdir(self)
| Print a table of contents for the zip file.
|
| read(self, name, pwd=None)
| Return file bytes (as a string) for name.
|
| setpassword(self, pwd)
| Set default password for encrypted files.
|
| testzip(self)
| Read all the files and check the CRC.
|
| write(self, filename, arcname=None, compress_type=None)
| Put the bytes from filename into the archive under the name
| arcname.
|
| writestr(self, zinfo_or_arcname, bytes, compress_type=None)
| Write a file into the archive. The contents is the string
| 'bytes'. 'zinfo_or_arcname' is either a ZipInfo instance or
| the name of the file in the archive.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| fp = None
class ZipInfo(__builtin__.object)
| Class with attributes describing each file in the ZIP archive.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| FileHeader(self)
| Return the per-file header as a string.
|
| __init__(self, filename='NoName', date_time=(1980, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0))
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| CRC
|
| comment
|
| compress_size
|
| compress_type
|
| create_system
|
| create_version
|
| date_time
|
| external_attr
|
| extra
|
| extract_version
|
| file_size
|
| filename
|
| flag_bits
|
| header_offset
|
| internal_attr
|
| orig_filename
|
| reserved
|
| volume
error = class BadZipfile(exceptions.Exception)
| Method resolution order:
| BadZipfile
| exceptions.Exception
| exceptions.BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from exceptions.Exception:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes inherited from exceptions.Exception:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from exceptions.BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from exceptions.BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
FUNCTIONS
is_zipfile(filename)
Quickly see if a file is a ZIP file by checking the magic number.
The filename argument may be a file or file-like object too.
DATA
ZIP_DEFLATED = 8
ZIP_STORED = 0
__all__ = ['BadZipfile', 'error', 'ZIP_STORED', 'ZIP_DEFLATED', 'is_zi...
>>>
6159
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