docker基础用法

什么是docker

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器或Windows 机器上,也可以实现虚拟化,容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。
一个完整的Docker有以下几个部分组成：

• DockerClient客户端
• Docker Daemon守护进程
• Docker Image镜像
• DockerContainer容器 [2]

docker加速器

//开机自启docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now docker

//配置加速器
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
EOF

//使用docker search 命令可以搜索docker hub官方仓库中的httpd镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search httpd




//下载官方仓库中的httpd镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd
6ec7b7d162b2: Downloading  3.7
6ec7b7d162b2: Pull complete 
17e233bac21e: Pull complete 
130aad5bf43a: Pull complete 
81d0a34533d4: Pull complete 
da240d12a8a4: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a3a2886ec250194804974932eaf4a4ba2b77c4e7d551ddb63b01068bf70f4120
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest

//查看本地有不有镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    ae2feff98a0c   2 weeks ago   133MB
httpd        latest    dd85cdbb9987   3 weeks ago   138MB


//查看某一个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images httpd
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
httpd        latest    dd85cdbb9987   3 weeks ago   138MB


//查看镜像历史
[root@localhost ~]# docker image history nginx
IMAGE          CREATED       CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
ae2feff98a0c   2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon…   0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT           0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entr…   0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0fd5fca330dcd6a7…   1.04kB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0b866ff3fc1ef5b0…   1.96kB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:e7e183879c35719c…   1.2kB     
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c set -x     && addgroup --system -…   63.7MB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster     0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NJS_VERSION=0.5.0        0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.19.6     0B        
<missing>      3 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do…   0B        
<missing>      3 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B        
<missing>      3 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:3a7bff4e139bcacc5…   69.2MB


//查看nginx的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect  nginx




//创建nginx容器 create只创建不运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker create nginx 
f2d8023e4fe552d3679581d2083fae52846cc3676ebed14b87b8ee05304e0d02

//查看容器有那些
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
f2d8023e4fe5   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Created             affectionate_wright

//启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker start f2d8023e4fe5
f2d8023e4fe5

// 重新加载
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl restart docker

//停止nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop f2d8023e4fe5
f2d8023e4fe5

//重启nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart  f2d8023e4fe5
f2d8023e4fe5



//杀掉nginx进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill  f2d8023e4fe5
f2d8023e4fe5
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES


//删除本地镜像 正在运行的容器无法被删除 ，强制删除必须加-f
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm  f2d8023e4fe5
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
-a :显示所有的容器，包括未运行的。

-f :根据条件过滤显示的内容。

--format :指定返回值的模板文件。

-l :显示最近创建的容器。

-n :列出最近创建的n个容器。

--no-trunc :不截断输出。

-q :静默模式，只显示容器编号。

-s :显示总的文件大小。

//httpd运行在前台
[root@localhost ~]# docker run httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Mon Jan 04 11:26:02.379526 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140132935611520] AH00489: Apache/2.4.46 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Mon Jan 04 11:26:02.379699 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140132935611520] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

ubuntu下载进入容器

//下载ubuntu系统进行并进入命令行
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
da7391352a9b: Pull complete 
14428a6d4bcd: Pull complete 
2c2d948710f2: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c95a8e48bf88e9849f3e0f723d9f49fa12c5a00cfc6e60d2bc99d87555295e4c
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
root@d3d04e8871ad:/# ls
bin   dev  home  lib32  libx32  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   lib64  media   opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    ae2feff98a0c   2 weeks ago   133MB
httpd        latest    dd85cdbb9987   3 weeks ago   138MB
ubuntu       latest    f643c72bc252   5 weeks ago   72.9MB