文章目录
- Set 1: Vocabulary (5 questions)
- Set 2: Vocabulary (Environmental Science Theme)
- Set 3: Vocabulary (Technology Theme)
- Set 4: Vocabulary (Cultural Studies Theme)
- 第二套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第三套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第四套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第五套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第六套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第七套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第八套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第九套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- 第十套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
- Review Quiz Model 2 - Task 1: Academic Vocabulary (20 questions)
- 词汇学习要点总结
本文档整理了词汇选择题,
题目总数: 85题
题目类型: 词汇选择题(Vocabulary Multiple Choice Questions)
题目分布:
- Set 1-4:4套,共20题(包含环境科学、技术、文化研究等主题)
- 第二套至第十套:9套,共45题
- Review Quiz Model 2 - Task 1:1套,共20题(学术词汇)
- 每套题目数量:5题(除Review Quiz Model 2为20题)
题目特点:
- 所有题目均为四选一的词汇选择题
- 涵盖动词、形容词、名词等各类词性
- 涉及学术英语、环境科学、技术、文化研究、社会科学等多个领域
- 每题均提供详细解析和答案说明
Set 1: Vocabulary (5 questions)
-
The committee has decided to ________ its stance on environmental policies to gain public support.
- A) alter
- B) confirm
- C) discard
- D) neglect
答案:A) alter
解析: alter 意为"改变、修改"。句意:委员会决定改变其在环境政策上的立场以获得公众支持。confirm(确认)、discard(丢弃)、neglect(忽视)均不符合句意。
-
The new health regulation ________ citizens to wear masks in crowded areas.
- A) insists
- B) obliges
- C) advises
- D) recommends
答案:B) obliges
解析: oblige 意为"强制、要求",oblige sb to do sth 表示"要求某人做某事"。句意:新的健康法规要求公民在拥挤区域佩戴口罩。insists(坚持,需用on)、advises(建议)、recommends(推荐)语气较弱,不符合法规的强制性。
-
His explanation was so ________ that everyone immediately understood the concept.
- A) ambiguous
- B) explicit
- C) irrelevant
- D) profound
答案:B) explicit
解析: explicit 意为"明确的、清楚的"。句意:他的解释如此明确,以至于每个人都立即理解了概念。ambiguous(模糊的)与句意相反,irrelevant(无关的)、profound(深刻的)不符合语境。
-
The manager’s strategy to increase sales was considered ________ by the marketing team.
- A) innovative
- B) monotonous
- C) outdated
- D) expensive
答案:A) innovative
解析: innovative 意为"创新的"。句意:经理增加销售额的策略被营销团队认为是创新的。monotonous(单调的)、outdated(过时的)、expensive(昂贵的)均不符合积极评价的语境。
-
Students are encouraged to develop a ________ interest in subjects beyond their core studies.
- A) fleeting
- B) keen
- C) neutral
- D) passive
答案:B) keen
解析: keen 意为"强烈的、热切的"。句意:鼓励学生培养对核心研究之外学科的强烈兴趣。fleeting(短暂的)、neutral(中立的)、passive(被动的)均不符合鼓励积极学习的语境。
Set 2: Vocabulary (Environmental Science Theme)
-
Many countries are working to ________ their dependence on fossil fuels by adopting renewable energy sources.
- A) abandon
- B) reduce
- C) exploit
- D) prolong
答案:B) reduce
解析: reduce 意为"减少"。句意:许多国家正在通过采用可再生能源来减少对化石燃料的依赖。abandon(完全放弃)过于绝对,exploit(开发)、prolong(延长)与句意相反。
-
The rapid melting of glaciers is often ________ to global warming.
- A) attributed
- B) subjected
- C) connected
- D) concluded
答案:A) attributed
解析: attribute…to… 意为"将…归因于…"。句意:冰川的快速融化通常归因于全球变暖。be subjected to(遭受)、connected to(与…相关)、concluded(得出结论)均不符合固定搭配。
-
Solar panels are seen as an ________ solution to reducing carbon emissions.
- A) innovative
- B) impractical
- C) unreliable
- D) irrelevant
答案:A) innovative
解析: innovative 意为"创新的"。句意:太阳能电池板被视为减少碳排放的创新解决方案。impractical(不切实际的)、unreliable(不可靠的)、irrelevant(无关的)均为负面评价,不符合语境。
-
The ________ rise in sea levels poses a significant threat to coastal cities.
- A) temporary
- B) gradual
- C) stagnant
- D) reversed
答案:B) gradual
解析: gradual 意为"逐渐的"。句意:海平面的逐渐上升对沿海城市构成重大威胁。temporary(暂时的)、stagnant(停滞的)、reversed(逆转的)均不符合海平面上升的实际情况。
-
Governments are investing in technologies that can ________ carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
- A) capture
- B) dissolve
- C) evaporate
- D) extract
答案:A) capture
解析: capture 意为"捕获、捕捉"。句意:政府正在投资能够从大气中捕获二氧化碳的技术。dissolve(溶解)、evaporate(蒸发)、extract(提取)虽然也有相关含义,但capture更常用于碳捕获技术(carbon capture)这一专业术语。
Set 3: Vocabulary (Technology Theme)
-
Artificial intelligence has the potential to ________ the way industries operate.
- A) transform
- B) maintain
- C) simplify
- D) ignore
答案:A) transform
解析: transform 意为"转变、变革"。句意:人工智能有潜力变革行业的运营方式。maintain(维持)、simplify(简化)、ignore(忽视)均不能体现AI的革命性影响。
-
The software was designed to ________ complex data analysis processes.
- A) automate
- B) complicate
- C) exaggerate
- D) inhibit
答案:A) automate
解析: automate 意为"自动化"。句意:该软件旨在自动化复杂的数据分析过程。complicate(复杂化)、exaggerate(夸大)、inhibit(抑制)均与软件设计的积极目的相反。
-
Many tech startups face challenges in ________ sufficient funding for their projects.
- A) acquiring
- B) dismissing
- C) neglecting
- D) exhausting
答案:A) acquiring
解析: acquire 意为"获得、获取"。句意:许多科技初创公司在获得项目所需资金方面面临挑战。dismissing(解雇)、neglecting(忽视)、exhausting(耗尽)均不符合语境。
-
Cybersecurity measures are crucial to ________ sensitive information from hackers.
- A) expose
- B) protect
- C) eliminate
- D) compromise
答案:B) protect
解析: protect 意为"保护"。句意:网络安全措施对于保护敏感信息免受黑客攻击至关重要。expose(暴露)、eliminate(消除)、compromise(妥协)均与安全措施的目的相反。
-
The ________ of 5G networks will significantly improve communication speed and efficiency.
- A) adoption
- B) rejection
- C) destruction
- D) expiration
答案:A) adoption
解析: adoption 意为"采用、采纳"。句意:5G网络的采用将显著提高通信速度和效率。rejection(拒绝)、destruction(破坏)、expiration(过期)均不符合积极发展的语境。
Set 4: Vocabulary (Cultural Studies Theme)
-
Traditional festivals often ________ the values and beliefs of a community.
- A) preserve
- B) ignore
- C) obscure
- D) suppress
答案:A) preserve
解析: preserve 意为"保存、保护"。句意:传统节日通常保存社区的价值观念和信仰。ignore(忽视)、obscure(模糊)、suppress(压制)均不符合传统节日的积极作用。
-
The museum’s new exhibition ________ the influence of ancient civilizations on modern culture.
- A) highlights
- B) diminishes
- C) excludes
- D) confuses
答案:A) highlights
解析: highlight 意为"突出、强调"。句意:博物馆的新展览突出了古代文明对现代文化的影响。diminishes(削弱)、excludes(排除)、confuses(混淆)均不符合展览的目的。
-
Cultural ________ occurs when different traditions blend to form something new.
- A) assimilation
- B) exclusion
- C) isolation
- D) fragmentation
答案:A) assimilation
解析: assimilation 意为"融合、同化"。句意:当不同传统融合形成新事物时,就会发生文化融合。exclusion(排斥)、isolation(隔离)、fragmentation(分裂)均与"blend"(融合)的含义相反。
-
The diversity of languages spoken in the region is a testament to its rich cultural ________.
- A) heritage
- B) poverty
- C) simplicity
- D) decline
答案:A) heritage
解析: heritage 意为"遗产、传统"。句意:该地区语言的多样性证明了其丰富的文化遗产。poverty(贫困)、simplicity(简单)、decline(衰落)均不符合"rich"(丰富的)的积极语境。
-
The festival was organized to ________ cultural understanding among different ethnic groups.
- A) promote
- B) hinder
- C) challenge
- D) dismiss
答案:A) promote
解析: promote 意为"促进、提升"。句意:该节日旨在促进不同民族群体之间的文化理解。hinder(阻碍)、challenge(挑战)、dismiss(忽视)均与节日的积极目的相反。
第二套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
The scientist’s theory was ________ after years of rigorous experimentation.
- A) debunked
- B) validated
- C) rejected
- D) ignored
答案:B) validated
解析: validate 意为"验证、确认"。句意:经过多年的严格实验,科学家的理论得到了验证。debunked(揭穿)、rejected(拒绝)、ignored(忽视)均不符合"rigorous experimentation"(严格实验)的积极结果。
-
New technologies are often ________ by society before their full potential is realized.
- A) resisted
- B) embraced
- C) criticized
- D) ignored
答案:A) resisted
解析: resist 意为"抵制、抗拒"。句意:新技术在充分潜力实现之前往往被社会抵制。根据"before their full potential is realized"(在充分潜力实现之前)的语境,resisted最符合新技术初期常遇到的阻力。
-
The ________ of the natural disaster led to international relief efforts.
- A) consequences
- B) benefits
- C) resolutions
- D) origins
答案:A) consequences
解析: consequences 意为"后果、影响"。句意:自然灾害的后果导致了国际救援行动。benefits(好处)、resolutions(解决方案)、origins(起源)均不符合导致救援行动的语境。
-
The politician was known for his ________ speeches that inspired many.
- A) lengthy
- B) mundane
- C) eloquent
- D) disorganized
答案:C) eloquent
解析: eloquent 意为"雄辩的、有说服力的"。句意:这位政治家以其雄辩的演讲而闻名,这些演讲激励了很多人。lengthy(冗长的)、mundane(平凡的)、disorganized(无组织的)均不能体现"inspired many"(激励了很多人)的效果。
-
The company’s new policy aimed to ________ employee productivity.
- A) hinder
- B) promote
- C) limit
- D) assess
答案:B) promote
解析: promote 意为"促进、提升"。句意:公司的新政策旨在提升员工生产力。hinder(阻碍)、limit(限制)、assess(评估)均不符合政策制定的积极目的。
第三套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
The government launched a campaign to ________ public awareness about recycling.
- A) reduce
- B) raise
- C) overlook
- D) assess
答案:B) raise
解析: raise 意为"提高、提升"。句意:政府发起了一场提高公众回收意识的运动。raise awareness 是固定搭配,表示"提高意识"。reduce(减少)、overlook(忽视)、assess(评估)均不符合语境。
-
The scientist conducted an experiment to ________ her hypothesis.
- A) confirm
- B) distort
- C) ignore
- D) challenge
答案:A) confirm
解析: confirm 意为"确认、证实"。句意:科学家进行实验以证实她的假设。distort(扭曲)、ignore(忽视)、challenge(挑战)虽然challenge也可用于科学实验,但confirm更符合实验验证假设的常见目的。
-
This ancient structure is a ________ of the civilization’s architectural ingenuity.
- A) critique
- B) monument
- C) flaw
- D) artifact
答案:B) monument
解析: monument 意为"纪念碑、古迹"。句意:这座古代建筑是该文明建筑智慧的纪念碑。critique(批评)、flaw(缺陷)、artifact(文物)虽然artifact也可用,但monument更强调其作为成就象征的意义。
-
The board’s decision was ________ by a unanimous vote.
- A) revoked
- B) finalized
- C) opposed
- D) delayed
答案:B) finalized
解析: finalize 意为"最终确定、完成"。句意:董事会的决定通过一致投票确定。revoked(撤销)、opposed(反对)、delayed(延迟)均不符合"unanimous vote"(一致投票)的结果。
-
The athlete was praised for her ________ performance during the competition.
- A) remarkable
- B) mediocre
- C) negligible
- D) flawed
答案:A) remarkable
解析: remarkable 意为"卓越的、非凡的"。句意:这位运动员因其在比赛中的卓越表现而受到赞扬。mediocre(平庸的)、negligible(可忽略的)、flawed(有缺陷的)均不符合"praised"(赞扬)的积极语境。
第四套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
Regular exercise is ________ to maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.
- A) detrimental
- B) essential
- C) irrelevant
- D) complicated
答案:B) essential
解析: essential 意为"必要的、必不可少的"。句意:定期锻炼对维持健康的心血管系统至关重要。be essential to 是固定搭配。detrimental(有害的)、irrelevant(无关的)、complicated(复杂的)均不符合常识。
-
The hospital implemented new measures to ________ the spread of infections.
- A) encourage
- B) prevent
- C) delay
- D) ignore
答案:B) prevent
解析: prevent 意为"防止、预防"。句意:医院实施了新措施以防止感染传播。encourage(鼓励)、delay(延迟)、ignore(忽视)均不符合医院防疫的目的。
-
Many people lack ________ knowledge about proper nutrition.
- A) comprehensive
- B) superficial
- C) irrelevant
- D) negligible
答案:A) comprehensive
解析: comprehensive 意为"全面的、综合的"。句意:许多人缺乏关于适当营养的全面知识。lack comprehensive knowledge 表示"缺乏全面知识"。superficial(肤浅的)、irrelevant(无关的)、negligible(可忽略的)均不符合"lack"(缺乏)的语境。
-
The vaccine’s effectiveness has been ________ in several clinical trials.
- A) proven
- B) questioned
- C) exaggerated
- D) delayed
答案:A) proven
解析: prove 意为"证明、证实"。句意:疫苗的有效性已在多项临床试验中得到证实。questioned(质疑)、exaggerated(夸大)、delayed(延迟)均不符合临床试验验证有效性的目的。
-
Chronic diseases often require ________ medical management and lifestyle adjustments.
- A) temporary
- B) continuous
- C) inconsistent
- D) minimal
答案:B) continuous
解析: continuous 意为"持续的、连续的"。句意:慢性疾病通常需要持续的医疗管理和生活方式调整。temporary(暂时的)、inconsistent(不一致的)、minimal(最少的)均不符合慢性疾病需要长期管理的特征。
第五套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
Deforestation has significantly ________ biodiversity in many regions.
- A) preserved
- B) harmed
- C) enhanced
- D) ignored
答案:B) harmed
解析: harm 意为"损害、伤害"。句意:森林砍伐显著损害了许多地区的生物多样性。preserved(保护)、enhanced(增强)、ignored(忽视)均不符合森林砍伐的负面影响。
-
Governments are introducing policies to ________ the use of single-use plastics.
- A) eliminate
- B) encourage
- C) delay
- D) sustain
答案:A) eliminate
解析: eliminate 意为"消除、淘汰"。句意:政府正在引入政策以淘汰一次性塑料的使用。encourage(鼓励)、delay(延迟)、sustain(维持)均不符合环保政策的目的。
-
Renewable energy sources are considered ________ alternatives to fossil fuels.
- A) finite
- B) viable
- C) impractical
- D) irrelevant
答案:B) viable
解析: viable 意为"可行的、可实施的"。句意:可再生能源被认为是化石燃料的可行替代品。finite(有限的)、impractical(不切实际的)、irrelevant(无关的)均不符合可再生能源的积极评价。
-
Recycling programs have been launched to ________ waste and conserve resources.
- A) increase
- B) reduce
- C) generate
- D) dispose
答案:B) reduce
解析: reduce 意为"减少"。句意:已启动回收计划以减少浪费并节约资源。increase(增加)、generate(产生)、dispose(处理)均不符合回收计划的目的。
-
Climate change poses a ________ threat to global ecosystems.
- A) negligible
- B) critical
- C) temporary
- D) occasional
答案:B) critical
解析: critical 意为"严重的、关键的"。句意:气候变化对全球生态系统构成严重威胁。negligible(可忽略的)、temporary(暂时的)、occasional(偶尔的)均不符合气候变化的严重性。
第六套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
International trade agreements aim to ________ barriers between countries.
- A) maintain
- B) reduce
- C) establish
- D) complicate
答案:B) reduce
解析: reduce 意为"减少"。句意:国际贸易协定旨在减少国家之间的壁垒。maintain(维持)、establish(建立)、complicate(复杂化)均不符合贸易协定促进贸易的目的。
-
The company expanded its operations to ________ overseas markets.
- A) target
- B) avoid
- C) neglect
- D) minimize
答案:A) target
解析: target 意为"瞄准、针对"。句意:公司扩大业务以瞄准海外市场。avoid(避免)、neglect(忽视)、minimize(最小化)均不符合"expanded operations"(扩大业务)的目的。
-
Economic sanctions can ________ trade relations between countries.
- A) strengthen
- B) undermine
- C) enhance
- D) stabilize
答案:B) undermine
解析: undermine 意为"削弱、破坏"。句意:经济制裁可能破坏国家之间的贸易关系。strengthen(加强)、enhance(增强)、stabilize(稳定)均不符合经济制裁的负面影响。
-
The government implemented tariffs to ________ domestic industries.
- A) protect
- B) exploit
- C) ignore
- D) challenge
答案:A) protect
解析: protect 意为"保护"。句意:政府实施关税以保护国内产业。exploit(开发)、ignore(忽视)、challenge(挑战)均不符合关税保护国内产业的目的。
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Global supply chains are often ________ by political and economic instability.
- A) supported
- B) disrupted
- C) improved
- D) ignored
答案:B) disrupted
解析: disrupt 意为"扰乱、中断"。句意:全球供应链经常被政治和经济不稳定扰乱。supported(支持)、improved(改善)、ignored(忽视)均不符合"instability"(不稳定)的负面影响。
第七套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
Positive reinforcement is often used to ________ desired behaviors in children.
- A) discourage
- B) reinforce
- C) ignore
- D) punish
答案:B) reinforce
解析: reinforce 意为"加强、强化"。句意:积极强化通常用于强化儿童的期望行为。discourage(阻止)、ignore(忽视)、punish(惩罚)均不符合"positive reinforcement"(积极强化)的目的。
-
The psychologist conducted a study to ________ the impact of stress on decision-making.
- A) examine
- B) hinder
- C) avoid
- D) dismiss
答案:A) examine
解析: examine 意为"研究、检查"。句意:心理学家进行研究以研究压力对决策的影响。hinder(阻碍)、avoid(避免)、dismiss(忽视)均不符合研究的目的。
-
Emotional intelligence is considered a key ________ of effective leadership.
- A) indicator
- B) obstacle
- C) challenge
- D) flaw
答案:A) indicator
解析: indicator 意为"指标、标志"。句意:情商被认为是有效领导力的关键指标。obstacle(障碍)、challenge(挑战)、flaw(缺陷)均不符合积极评价的语境。
-
The therapy session aimed to help the patient ________ negative thought patterns.
- A) reinforce
- B) challenge
- C) maintain
- D) ignore
答案:B) challenge
解析: challenge 意为"挑战、质疑"。句意:治疗课程旨在帮助患者挑战消极的思维模式。reinforce(强化)、maintain(维持)、ignore(忽视)均不符合心理治疗的目的。
-
Studies have shown that regular meditation can ________ mental clarity and focus.
- A) hinder
- B) enhance
- C) diminish
- D) suppress
答案:B) enhance
解析: enhance 意为"增强、提高"。句意:研究表明,定期冥想可以增强心理清晰度和专注力。hinder(阻碍)、diminish(减少)、suppress(抑制)均不符合冥想的积极效果。
第八套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
The development of artificial intelligence has raised ________ about privacy and ethics.
- A) suspicions
- B) questions
- C) solutions
- D) clarifications
答案:B) questions
解析: raise questions 是固定搭配,意为"提出问题、引发疑问"。句意:人工智能的发展引发了关于隐私和伦理的问题。suspicions(怀疑)、solutions(解决方案)、clarifications(澄清)均不符合"raised"(引发)的语境。
-
Researchers are exploring ways to ________ the ethical implications of emerging technologies.
- A) mitigate
- B) amplify
- C) disregard
- D) exploit
答案:A) mitigate
解析: mitigate 意为"减轻、缓解"。句意:研究人员正在探索减轻新兴技术伦理影响的方法。amplify(放大)、disregard(忽视)、exploit(利用)均不符合处理伦理问题的积极态度。
-
Autonomous vehicles must be programmed to make ________ decisions in critical situations.
- A) ethical
- B) impulsive
- C) irrelevant
- D) careless
答案:A) ethical
解析: ethical 意为"道德的、伦理的"。句意:自动驾驶汽车必须被编程以在关键情况下做出道德的决策。impulsive(冲动的)、irrelevant(无关的)、careless(粗心的)均不符合自动驾驶安全要求。
-
The use of biometric data has led to debates over individual ________.
- A) rights
- B) anonymity
- C) identification
- D) responsibilities
答案:A) rights
解析: rights 意为"权利"。句意:生物识别数据的使用引发了关于个人权利的辩论。individual rights 是常见搭配。anonymity(匿名性)、identification(身份识别)、responsibilities(责任)虽然相关,但rights更符合"debates"(辩论)的焦点。
-
Tech companies are encouraged to adopt ________ practices when developing new products.
- A) sustainable
- B) transparent
- C) unethical
- D) irrelevant
答案:B) transparent
解析: transparent 意为"透明的、公开的"。句意:鼓励科技公司在开发新产品时采用透明的做法。sustainable(可持续的)虽然也可用,但transparent更符合科技公司伦理要求。unethical(不道德的)、irrelevant(无关的)均不符合鼓励的语境。
第九套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
Income inequality has become a pressing ________ in many countries.
- A) opportunity
- B) issue
- C) advantage
- D) success
答案:B) issue
解析: issue 意为"问题、议题"。句意:收入不平等已成为许多国家的紧迫问题。pressing issue 是固定搭配。opportunity(机会)、advantage(优势)、success(成功)均不符合"pressing"(紧迫的)的负面语境。
-
The government launched programs to ________ poverty in rural areas.
- A) alleviate
- B) aggravate
- C) neglect
- D) celebrate
答案:A) alleviate
解析: alleviate 意为"减轻、缓解"。句意:政府启动计划以减轻农村地区的贫困。aggravate(加剧)、neglect(忽视)、celebrate(庆祝)均不符合政府扶贫的目的。
-
The rapid growth of urban populations has led to a ________ in affordable housing.
- A) shortage
- B) surplus
- C) stability
- D) balance
答案:A) shortage
解析: shortage 意为"短缺、不足"。句意:城市人口的快速增长导致了经济适用房的短缺。surplus(过剩)、stability(稳定)、balance(平衡)均不符合"rapid growth"(快速增长)带来的问题。
-
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) often play a key role in ________ social change.
- A) opposing
- B) promoting
- C) resisting
- D) ignoring
答案:B) promoting
解析: promote 意为"促进、推动"。句意:非政府组织通常在推动社会变革方面发挥关键作用。opposing(反对)、resisting(抵抗)、ignoring(忽视)均不符合NGO的积极作用。
-
Community leaders are working to ________ awareness about mental health issues.
- A) suppress
- B) raise
- C) overlook
- D) eliminate
答案:B) raise
解析: raise 意为"提高、提升"。句意:社区领袖正在努力提高对心理健康问题的认识。raise awareness 是固定搭配。suppress(压制)、overlook(忽视)、eliminate(消除)均不符合提高认识的积极目的。
第十套:词汇选择 (Vocabulary)
-
Effective communication is essential to ________ teamwork in the workplace.
- A) disrupt
- B) foster
- C) reject
- D) question
答案:B) foster
解析: foster 意为"培养、促进"。句意:有效沟通对于促进工作场所的团队合作至关重要。disrupt(破坏)、reject(拒绝)、question(质疑)均不符合"essential"(必要的)的积极语境。
-
The manager encouraged employees to ________ creative solutions to problems.
- A) propose
- B) avoid
- C) dismiss
- D) suppress
答案:A) propose
解析: propose 意为"提出、建议"。句意:经理鼓励员工提出问题的创造性解决方案。avoid(避免)、dismiss(驳回)、suppress(压制)均不符合鼓励创新的目的。
-
Career advancement often requires individuals to ________ their skills and knowledge.
- A) maintain
- B) expand
- C) ignore
- D) minimize
答案:B) expand
解析: expand 意为"扩展、扩大"。句意:职业发展通常要求个人扩展其技能和知识。maintain(维持)、ignore(忽视)、minimize(最小化)均不符合职业发展的要求。
-
The company implemented new policies to ________ workplace diversity.
- A) hinder
- B) promote
- C) challenge
- D) disregard
答案:B) promote
解析: promote 意为"促进、提升"。句意:公司实施新政策以促进工作场所的多样性。hinder(阻碍)、challenge(挑战)、disregard(忽视)均不符合政策制定的积极目的。
-
Employees are encouraged to provide ________ feedback during team meetings.
- A) constructive
- B) destructive
- C) irrelevant
- D) passive
答案:A) constructive
解析: constructive 意为"建设性的、有益的"。句意:鼓励员工在团队会议中提供建设性的反馈。constructive feedback 是固定搭配。destructive(破坏性的)、irrelevant(无关的)、passive(被动的)均不符合鼓励的积极语境。
Review Quiz Model 2 - Task 1: Academic Vocabulary (20 questions)
题目: 选择最合适的词汇完成句子
-
The new environmental regulations may ________ existing problems related to air pollution if not properly enforced.
- A) aggravate
- B) mitigate
- C) correlate
- D) diminish
答案:A) aggravate
解析: aggravate 意为"恶化、加剧"。句意:如果执行不当,新的环境法规可能会加剧与空气污染相关的现有问题。mitigate 意为"缓解",与句意相反。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 同义词/反义词 aggravate v. 使恶化,加剧 aggravate problems/symptoms/conditions 同义词:worsen, intensify, exacerbate
反义词:mitigate, alleviate, easemitigate v. 缓解,减轻 mitigate risks/effects/damage - regulations n. 法规,规章 - 常用复数 enforce v. 执行,实施 enforce regulations/laws - -
The results of the two studies ________ in suggesting that climate change accelerates ecosystem degradation.
- A) coincide
- B) deviate
- C) diverge
- D) contrast
答案:A) coincide
解析: coincide 意为"一致、符合"。句意:两项研究的结果一致表明气候变化加速了生态系统退化。deviate 和 diverge 都表示"偏离、分歧",与句意不符。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 同义词/反义词 coincide v. 一致,符合;同时发生 coincide with/in - deviate v. 偏离,背离 deviate from - diverge v. 分歧,偏离 diverge from - accelerate v. 加速 - 反义词:decelerate, slow down ecosystem degradation n. 生态系统退化 - - -
The research findings ________ a variety of factors, including temperature, humidity, and soil composition.
- A) comprise
- B) consist
- C) omit
- D) exclude
答案:A) comprise
解析: comprise 意为"包含、包括"。句意:研究结果包括多种因素,包括温度、湿度和土壤组成。consist 需要与 of 连用(consist of),omit 和 exclude 表示"省略、排除",与句意相反。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 comprise v. 包含,包括;由…组成 The team comprises 10 members. 及物动词,直接接宾语 consist of v. 由…组成 The book consists of 10 chapters. 必须与 of 连用 omit v. 省略,遗漏 - - exclude v. 排除,不包括 - - composition n. 组成,成分 - - -
The high level of pollution in urban areas ________ a significant threat to public health.
- A) comprise
- B) constitute
- C) summarize
- D) accommodate
答案:B) constitute
解析: constitute 意为"构成、形成"。句意:城市地区的高污染水平构成对公共健康的重大威胁。comprise 通常用于"整体包含部分",而 constitute 用于"部分构成整体"。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 constitute v. 构成,组成;设立 constitute a threat/problem/challenge 部分构成整体 threat n. 威胁 pose/constitute a threat to - public health n. 公共卫生 - - -
The conference organizers will ________ experts from around the world to discuss the latest developments in artificial intelligence.
- A) distribute
- B) convene
- C) deviate
- D) emerge
答案:B) convene
解析: convene 意为"召集、召开"。句意:会议组织者将召集来自世界各地的专家讨论人工智能的最新发展。distribute 意为"分发",deviate 意为"偏离",emerge 意为"出现",均不符合句意。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 convene v. 召集,召开(会议) convene a meeting/conference 名词形式:convention distribute v. 分发,分配 - - emerge v. 出现,浮现 - - artificial intelligence n. 人工智能 - 缩写:AI developments n. 发展,进展 - 常用复数 -
The company aims to ________ waste materials into renewable energy through a new processing technology.
- A) consume
- B) distribute
- C) dominate
- D) convert
答案:D) convert
解析: convert 意为"转换、转化"。句意:公司旨在通过新的处理技术将废料转化为可再生能源。convert…into… 是固定搭配,表示"将…转化为…"。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 convert v. 转换,转化;改变信仰 convert A into B, convert to 名词形式:conversion waste materials n. 废料 - - renewable energy n. 可再生能源 - - processing technology n. 处理技术 - - consume v. 消耗,消费 - - dominate v. 主导,支配 - - -
The survey results will be ________ to all participating institutions for further analysis.
- A) dominated
- B) distributed
- C) compounded
- D) aggravated
答案:B) distributed
解析: distributed 意为"分发、分配"。句意:调查结果将分发给所有参与机构以供进一步分析。be distributed to 是固定搭配,表示"被分发给…"。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 distribute v. 分发,分配;分布 distribute to/among, be distributed to 名词形式:distribution survey results n. 调查结果 - - participating institutions n. 参与机构 - - compound v. 使复杂化;混合 compound the problem - -
Over time, a few invasive species can ________ the local biodiversity, leading to significant ecological shifts.
- A) emerge
- B) deviate
- C) dominate
- D) evolve
答案:C) dominate
解析: dominate 意为"主导、支配"。句意:随着时间的推移,少数入侵物种可以主导当地生物多样性,导致重大的生态变化。emerge 意为"出现",deviate 意为"偏离",evolve 意为"进化",均不符合句意。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 dominate v. 主导,支配;占主导地位 dominate the market/field 形容词:dominant
名词:dominanceinvasive species n. 入侵物种 - - biodiversity n. 生物多样性 - - ecological shifts n. 生态变化 - - over time adv. 随着时间的推移 - 固定短语 -
New species often ________ in response to environmental changes over long periods.
- A) evolve
- B) deviate
- C) emerge
- D) convert
答案:A) evolve
解析: evolve 意为"进化、演变"。句意:新物种经常在长期内进化以应对环境变化。evolve 强调渐进的变化过程,emerge 强调突然出现。
词汇扩展:
词汇 词性 词义 常见搭配 备注 evolve v. 进化,演变;发展 evolve from/into, evolve over time 名词:evolution
形容词:evolutionary
强调渐进过程emerge v. 出现,浮现 emerge from 强调突然性 in response to prep. 作为对…的反应 - 固定短语 environmental changes n. 环境变化 - - -
As technology advances, the methods used in molecular biology have continued to ________, allowing for more precise and faster results.
- A) evolve
- B) deviate
- C) dominate
- D) emerge
答案:A) evolve
解析: evolve 意为"进化、发展"。句意:随着技术进步,分子生物学中使用的方法不断发展,允许更精确和更快的结果。evolve 强调方法的改进和发展。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| molecular biology | n. | 分子生物学 | - | - |
| precise | adj. | 精确的 | - | 名词形式:precision |
| allow for | v. | 允许,使成为可能 | - | 固定短语 |
- The decision to select the particular method was sometimes not based on scientific evidence but rather on an ________ judgment.
- A) arbitrary
- B) definite
- C) considerable
- D) forthcoming
答案:A) arbitrary
解析: arbitrary 意为"任意的、武断的"。句意:选择特定方法的决定有时不是基于科学证据,而是基于武断的判断。arbitrary 强调缺乏合理依据的决定。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| arbitrary | adj. | 任意的,武断的;专制的 | arbitrary decision/judgment/choice | 副词形式:arbitrarily |
| definite | adj. | 明确的,确定的 | - | 反义词:indefinite |
| scientific evidence | n. | 科学证据 | - | - |
| rather than | prep. | 而不是 | - | 固定短语 |
- The impact of climate change on agricultural productivity is of ________ concern to policymakers worldwide.
- A) arbitrary
- B) considerable
- C) negligible
- D) forthcoming
答案:B) considerable
解析: considerable 意为"相当大的、重要的"。句意:气候变化对农业生产力的影响是世界各地政策制定者重要的关注点。considerable concern 表示"重大关切"。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| considerable | adj. | 相当大的,重要的 | considerable amount/concern/importance | 副词形式:considerably |
| negligible | adj. | 可忽略的,微不足道的 | - | 反义词:considerable |
| agricultural productivity | n. | 农业生产力 | - | - |
| policymakers | n. | 政策制定者 | - | 复合词 |
| of concern to | prep. | 对…来说是关注点 | - | 固定短语 |
- The team was able to reach a ________ conclusion after conducting multiple trials and analyzing the data thoroughly.
- A) arbitrary
- B) definite
- C) considerable
- D) forthcoming
答案:B) definite
解析: definite 意为"明确的、确定的"。句意:在进行多次试验并彻底分析数据后,团队能够得出明确的结论。definite 强调结论的确定性和明确性。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| definite | adj. | 明确的,确定的 | definite answer/conclusion/plan | 名词形式:definition |
| reach a conclusion | v. | 得出结论 | - | 固定短语 |
| conduct trials | v. | 进行试验 | - | - |
| analyze data | v. | 分析数据 | - | - |
| thoroughly | adv. | 彻底地,完全地 | - | - |
- The new experiment design showed how variables ________ significantly from the original hypothesis.
- A) coincide
- B) deviate
- C) emerge
- D) dominate
答案:B) deviate
解析: deviate 意为"偏离、背离"。句意:新的实验设计显示变量如何显著偏离原始假设。deviate from 是固定搭配,表示"偏离…"。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deviate | v. | 偏离,背离 | deviate from | 名词形式:deviation |
| experiment design | n. | 实验设计 | - | - |
| variables | n. | 变量 | - | 常用复数 |
| hypothesis | n. | 假设 | - | 复数:hypotheses |
| significantly | adv. | 显著地 | - | - |
- The research team is preparing a comprehensive report on their findings, which will be ________ in the next issue of the journal.
- A) forthcoming
- B) arbitrary
- C) considerable
- D) definite
答案:A) forthcoming
解析: forthcoming 意为"即将到来的、即将发表的"。句意:研究团队正在准备一份关于他们发现的综合报告,该报告将在期刊的下一期发表。forthcoming 常用于表示即将出版或发表的内容。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| forthcoming | adj. | 即将到来的,即将发表的 | forthcoming publication/issue/book | - |
| comprehensive report | n. | 综合报告 | - | - |
| findings | n. | 发现,研究结果 | - | 常用复数 |
| issue | n. | (期刊的)期,号 | - | - |
| journal | n. | 期刊,杂志 | - | - |
- The researcher used an ________ between the human immune system and a city’s defense mechanisms to explain how the body fights infections.
- A) hypothesis
- B) analogy
- C) experiment
- D) observation
答案:B) analogy
解析: analogy 意为"类比、比喻"。句意:研究人员使用人类免疫系统与城市防御机制之间的类比来解释身体如何对抗感染。analogy 强调通过相似性进行解释。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| analogy | n. | 类比,比喻 | draw/make an analogy between A and B, by analogy | - |
| immune system | n. | 免疫系统 | - | - |
| defense mechanisms | n. | 防御机制 | - | - |
| fight infections | v. | 对抗感染 | - | - |
| hypothesis | n. | 假设 | - | - |
| observation | n. | 观察 | - | - |
- The study was conducted with a strong emphasis on research ________, ensuring that all data was collected and analyzed with integrity and transparency.
- A) theory
- B) ethics
- C) ideology
- D) bias
答案:B) ethics
解析: ethics 意为"伦理、道德"。句意:该研究强调研究伦理,确保所有数据都以诚信和透明的方式收集和分析。research ethics 是学术研究的核心要求。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethics | n. | 伦理,道德 | research ethics, medical ethics, business ethics | 单复数同形 形容词:ethical |
| emphasis on | n. | 强调 | - | 固定短语 |
| integrity | n. | 诚信,正直 | - | - |
| transparency | n. | 透明,透明度 | - | 形容词:transparent |
| bias | n. | 偏见,偏差 | - | - |
- The scientist referred to the global temperature ________ to track the long-term changes in Earth’s climate patterns.
- A) coefficient
- B) model
- C) index
- D) scale
答案:C) index
解析: index 意为"指数、指标"。句意:科学家参考全球温度指数来追踪地球气候模式的长期变化。temperature index 是气候学常用术语。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| index | n. | 指数,指标;索引 | temperature index, consumer price index, stock index | 复数:indices/indexes |
| coefficient | n. | 系数 | - | - |
| model | n. | 模型 | - | - |
| scale | n. | 规模;刻度 | - | - |
| track | v. | 追踪,跟踪 | - | - |
| climate patterns | n. | 气候模式 | - | - |
- The model’s accuracy depends on the correct selection of the input ________, which must reflect the real-world conditions being studied.
- A) constraints
- B) parameters
- C) assumptions
- D) outcomes
答案:B) parameters
解析: parameters 意为"参数"。句意:模型的准确性取决于输入参数的正确选择,这些参数必须反映所研究的现实世界条件。parameters 是模型构建中的关键概念。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| parameters | n. | 参数 | input/output parameters, model parameters | 常用复数 |
| constraints | n. | 约束,限制 | - | 常用复数 |
| assumptions | n. | 假设 | - | 常用复数 |
| outcomes | n. | 结果,成果 | - | 常用复数 |
| accuracy | n. | 准确性 | - | 形容词:accurate |
| real-world conditions | n. | 现实世界条件 | - | - |
- By examining the data from a historical ________, the researchers were able to identify long-term trends in the evolution of species.
- A) variable
- B) theory
- C) perspective
- D) hypothesis
答案:C) perspective
解析: perspective 意为"视角、观点"。句意:通过从历史视角检查数据,研究人员能够识别物种进化的长期趋势。historical perspective 表示"历史视角"。
词汇扩展:
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 常见搭配 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| perspective | n. | 视角,观点;透视 | from a…perspective, historical perspective, theoretical perspective | - |
| variable | n. | 变量 | - | - |
| theory | n. | 理论 | - | - |
| hypothesis | n. | 假设 | - | - |
| long-term trends | n. | 长期趋势 | - | - |
| evolution of species | n. | 物种进化 | - | - |
词汇学习要点总结
高频动词
- 改变类: alter(改变)、transform(转变)、convert(转换)
- 促进类: promote(促进)、foster(培养)、enhance(增强)、improve(改善)
- 减少类: reduce(减少)、diminish(减少)、alleviate(减轻)、mitigate(缓解)
- 保护类: protect(保护)、preserve(保存)、maintain(维持)
- 验证类: validate(验证)、confirm(确认)、prove(证明)
高频形容词
- 积极评价: innovative(创新的)、remarkable(卓越的)、essential(必要的)、viable(可行的)
- 消极评价: detrimental(有害的)、critical(严重的)、negligible(可忽略的)
- 程度描述: comprehensive(全面的)、gradual(逐渐的)、continuous(持续的)
固定搭配
- raise awareness(提高意识)
- attribute…to…(将…归因于…)
- be essential to(对…至关重要)
- promote diversity(促进多样性)
- constructive feedback(建设性反馈)
学术词汇分类
- 环境科学: renewable energy(可再生能源)、carbon emissions(碳排放)、biodiversity(生物多样性)
- 技术领域: artificial intelligence(人工智能)、automation(自动化)、cybersecurity(网络安全)
- 文化研究: cultural heritage(文化遗产)、assimilation(融合)、preserve(保存)
- 社会科学: income inequality(收入不平等)、social change(社会变革)、workplace diversity(工作场所多样性)
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