数据库增量备份 - DB INCR DB FULL

目录标题

backup incremental level=0 database;

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backup incremental level=1 database;

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backup incremental level=0 database;

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问题1:1级别增量未显示?
问题2:第二次0级别增量和第一次重合?
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backup database;

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DB INCR -> DB FULL
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delete backup;

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list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1       Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:01     01-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220701T151241
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_01/o1_mf_s_1108912361_kcx7mb24_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2187017      Ckp time: 01-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2       Full    17.92M     DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T150938
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/stdbyctl.bkp
  Standby Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2705259      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3       Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T150941
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1108998581_kczvso6x_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2705271      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4       742.57M    DISK        00:00:02     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T152902
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20220702T152902_kczwxyxg_.bkp

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 4
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    3       2151704    01-JUL-22 2444432    02-JUL-22
  1    4       2444432    02-JUL-22 2710116    02-JUL-22
  1    5       2710116    02-JUL-22 2710296    02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5       Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 5   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T152906
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1108999746_kczwy2dl_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2710331      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6       743.68M    DISK        00:00:02     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 6   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T154249
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20220702T154249_kczxqsbo_.bkp

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 6
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    3       2151704    01-JUL-22 2444432    02-JUL-22
  1    4       2444432    02-JUL-22 2710116    02-JUL-22
  1    5       2710116    02-JUL-22 2710296    02-JUL-22
  1    6       2710296    02-JUL-22 2711341    02-JUL-22
  1    7       2711341    02-JUL-22 2713958    02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T154252
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1109000572_kczxqwmq_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2713980      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8       Incr 0  1.25G      DISK        00:00:04     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161035
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20220702T161035_kczzcvxd_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 8
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1    0  Incr 2721804    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx49hsc_.dbf
  3    0  Incr 2721804    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4blz4_.dbf
  4    0  Incr 2721804    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4cd47_.dbf
  7    0  Incr 2721804    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_users_kcx4cf72_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9       Incr 0  486.38M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161035
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20220702T161035_kczzd32v_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 9
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: WOQU
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9    0  Incr 2721818    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx71njc_.dbf
  10   0  Incr 2721818    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx71njo_.dbf
  11   0  Incr 2721818    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx71njp_.dbf
  12   0  Incr 2721818    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_baipx_kcx73702_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10      Incr 0  556.57M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161035
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9662A39002352E0532402F40ABC79/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20220702T161035_kczzd68z_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 10
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  5    0  Incr 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx4m11h_.dbf
  6    0  Incr 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4m11l_.dbf
  8    0  Incr 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4m11m_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161049
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1109002249_kczzd9d1_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2721839      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12      Incr 1  22.79M     DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 12   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161328
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20220702T161328_kczzk88d_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 12
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1    1  Incr 2722680    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx49hsc_.dbf
  3    1  Incr 2722680    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4blz4_.dbf
  4    1  Incr 2722680    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4cd47_.dbf
  7    1  Incr 2722680    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_users_kcx4cf72_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
13      Incr 1  96.00K     DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 13   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161328
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20220702T161328_kczzkcdp_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 13
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: WOQU
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9    1  Incr 2722750    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx71njc_.dbf
  10   1  Incr 2722750    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx71njo_.dbf
  11   1  Incr 2722750    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx71njp_.dbf
  12   1  Incr 2722750    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_baipx_kcx73702_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
14      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 14   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161332
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1109002412_kczzkdns_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2722764      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
15      Incr 0  1.27G      DISK        00:00:04     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 15   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161553
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20220702T161553_kczzoswb_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 15
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1    0  Incr 2723333    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx49hsc_.dbf
  3    0  Incr 2723333    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4blz4_.dbf
  4    0  Incr 2723333    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4cd47_.dbf
  7    0  Incr 2723333    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_users_kcx4cf72_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
16      Incr 0  486.38M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 16   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161553
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20220702T161553_kczzp11g_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 16
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: WOQU
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9    0  Incr 2723350    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx71njc_.dbf
  10   0  Incr 2723350    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx71njo_.dbf
  11   0  Incr 2723350    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx71njp_.dbf
  12   0  Incr 2723350    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_baipx_kcx73702_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
17      Incr 0  556.57M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 17   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161553
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9662A39002352E0532402F40ABC79/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20220702T161553_kczzp45h_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 17
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  5    0  Incr 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx4m11h_.dbf
  6    0  Incr 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4m11l_.dbf
  8    0  Incr 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4m11m_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
18      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 18   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161607
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1109002567_kczzp7cr_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2723375      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
19      784.87M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 19   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161845
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20220702T161845_kczzv61s_.bkp

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 19
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    3       2151704    01-JUL-22 2444432    02-JUL-22
  1    4       2444432    02-JUL-22 2710116    02-JUL-22
  1    5       2710116    02-JUL-22 2710296    02-JUL-22
  1    6       2710296    02-JUL-22 2711341    02-JUL-22
  1    7       2711341    02-JUL-22 2713958    02-JUL-22
  1    8       2713958    02-JUL-22 2724397    02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
20      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 20   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T161849
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1109002729_kczzv9bh_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2724423      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
21      Full    1.28G      DISK        00:00:03     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 21   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T162022
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20220702T162022_kczzy68d_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 21
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 2724793    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx49hsc_.dbf
  3       Full 2724793    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4blz4_.dbf
  4       Full 2724793    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4cd47_.dbf
  7       Full 2724793    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_users_kcx4cf72_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22      Full    486.38M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 22   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T162022
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20220702T162022_kczzyfd3_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 22
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: WOQU
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  9       Full 2724811    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx71njc_.dbf
  10      Full 2724811    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx71njo_.dbf
  11      Full 2724811    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx71njp_.dbf
  12      Full 2724811    02-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/E2B9FAFA647138A5E053A5010A649B83/datafile/o1_mf_baipx_kcx73702_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
23      Full    556.57M    DISK        00:00:01     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 23   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T162022
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/E2B9662A39002352E0532402F40ABC79/backupset/2022_07_02/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20220702T162022_kczzyjh9_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 23
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
  5       Full 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_system_kcx4m11h_.dbf
  6       Full 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_kcx4m11l_.dbf
  8       Full 2171525    01-JUL-22              NO    /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oradata/BAIPX/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_kcx4m11m_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24      Full    17.95M     DISK        00:00:00     02-JUL-22      
        BP Key: 24   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20220702T162035
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/qfusion/volumes/qfusion-admin_baipx-435cb0-0/oralog/fast_recovery_area/BAIPX/autobackup/2022_07_02/o1_mf_s_1109002835_kczzymno_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 01-JUL-22
  SPFILE db_unique_name: BAIPX
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2724899      Ckp time: 02-JUL-22
<think>好的,我需要帮助用户了解如何对整个数据库进行增量备份。用户已经看过之前的回答,现在想更详细地了解方法和工具。首先,我应该回顾之前的对话,确保信息的一致性。之前的回答提到了二进制日志、时间戳字段和物理差异备份等方法,以及工具如Percona XtraBackup、mysqldump和kettle。 用户现在的问题更具体,询问如何实现整个数据库增量备份,包括方法和工具。我需要确保覆盖主要的方法,并详细说明步骤和工具的使用。同时,要参考用户提供的站内引用,比如引用[1]提到使用全量和增量备份合并还原,引用[2]讨论增量备份的特点,引用[4]涉及xtrabackup的流程。 首先,我应该分点回答,结构清晰。可能需要分为不同的方法,如基于二进制日志、物理备份工具、逻辑备份工具等。每个方法需要步骤说明、工具使用示例以及优缺点。然后,对比不同工具,帮助用户选择适合的方案。最后,注意事项和恢复流程也很重要,用户可能需要了解如何实际应用这些备份。 需要注意用户可能混淆了MySQL和PostgreSQL,引用[3]提到PostgreSQL的WAL日志,但用户的问题是关于整个数据库,可能主要关注MySQL。不过,可以简要提及其他数据库如PostgreSQL的实现方式,但明确主次。 要确保使用正确的LaTeX格式,行内公式用$...$,独立公式用$$...$$。例如,在存储策略部分可能需要数学公式。同时,代码块需要用正确的语法高亮,比如bash或sql。 还需要检查引用标注是否正确,用户提供的引用[1]、[2]、[4]需要对应到回答中的适当位置。例如,使用XtraBackup的步骤可以参考引用[4],而恢复流程参考引用[1]。 用户可能需要实际操作的示例,所以每个方法都应该有具体的命令行示例,如如何启用二进制日志,如何使用xtrabackup进行增量备份,如何用mysqldump结合时间戳等。 此外,用户可能关心如何选择合适的方法,因此需要对比不同方法的优缺点,比如物理备份和逻辑备份的区别,以及适用场景。 最后,生成的相关问题要基于当前回答,可能涉及工具的具体操作、策略制定或恢复步骤。需要确保问题有针对性,帮助用户深入理解。</think>#### 数据库增量备份实现方法与工具详解 以下是实现**整个数据库增量备份**的核心方法、工具及操作流程,涵盖MySQL、PostgreSQL等主流数据库场景: --- ### 一、核心方法分类 #### 1. **基于二进制日志/事务日志(物理备份)** **适用场景**:MySQL、PostgreSQL等支持事务日志的数据库 **原理**:通过记录所有数据变更操作(如MySQL的`binary log`、PostgreSQL的`WAL日志`),仅备份新增日志实现增量备份[^1][^3]。 **MySQL实现步骤**: 1. **启用二进制日志** ```ini # MySQL配置文件(my.cnf) [mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin # 启用二进制日志 server-id=1 ``` 2. **全量备份+增量备份组合** ```bash # 全量备份(逻辑备份) mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 > full_backup.sql # 增量备份备份新增的二进制日志) mysqlbinlog --start-position=上次备份结束的POS值 mysql-bin.00000X > incr_backup.sql ``` 3. **恢复流程** ```bash # 先恢复全量备份 mysql -u root -p < full_backup.sql # 再按顺序应用增量日志 mysqlbinlog incr_backup.sql | mysql -u root -p ``` *特点*:支持时间点恢复(PITR),但需严格按顺序应用日志[^2][^3]。 --- #### 2. **物理差异备份工具(推荐)** **工具示例**: - **Percona XtraBackup**(MySQL) - **pg_basebackup + WAL归档**(PostgreSQL) **MySQL XtraBackup操作流程**: 1. **全量备份** ```bash xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/full --user=root --password=your_password ``` 2. **增量备份** ```bash xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/incr1 \ --incremental-basedir=/backup/full # 基于全量备份 ``` 3. **恢复流程** ```bash # 准备全量备份 xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/full # 合并增量备份 xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/full \ --incremental-dir=/backup/incr1 # 复制数据回数据库目录 xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/full ``` *特点*:热备份、支持压缩、备份效率高(适合TB级数据库)[^4]。 --- #### 3. **基于时间戳或版本号(逻辑备份)** **适用场景**:业务表有明确更新时间字段(如`update_time`) **操作示例**: ```sql -- 使用mysqldump筛选增量数据 mysqldump -u root -p your_db your_table \ --where="update_time >= '2023-08-01 00:00:00'" > incr_table.sql ``` *特点*:灵活性高,但需手动维护时间戳字段,不适合无时间字段的系统表[^2]。 --- ### 二、工具对比与选型建议 | 工具/方法 | 类型 | 优点 | 缺点 | |---------------------|------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------| | Percona XtraBackup | 物理备份 | 快速、支持热备份、压缩 | 需与MySQL版本严格匹配 | | mysqldump + binlog | 逻辑+物理 | 通用性强、可读性高 | 恢复时间长、依赖日志顺序 | | PostgreSQL WAL归档 | 物理备份 | 精准恢复至任意时间点 | 需要持续存储WAL文件 | | 时间戳过滤导出 | 逻辑备份 | 按业务需求定制 | 无法覆盖所有数据类型 | --- ### 三、关键实施原则 1. **3-2-1备份原则** - 保留3份备份副本 - 使用2种不同存储介质(如本地磁盘+云存储) - 1份异地备份 2. **备份验证机制** - 定期执行恢复测试(参考全量+增量合并恢复流程[^1]) - 检查备份文件完整性(如`xtrabackup_checkpoints`文件验证[^4]) 3. **自动化调度方案** ```bash # 使用cron定时任务示例(每日增量备份) 0 2 * * * /usr/bin/xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/incr_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d) --incremental-basedir=/backup/full ``` --- ### 四、跨数据库扩展方案 **PostgreSQL增量备份实现**: ```bash # 配置WAL归档 archive_mode = on archive_command = 'cp %p /backup/wal/%f' # 基准备份 pg_basebackup -D /backup/full -Ft -X stream # 恢复时复制WAL日志到pg_wal目录 ``` *特点*:依赖WAL日志的连续归档,可恢复至任意时间点[^3]。 --- ### 五、常见问题解决 - **问题1:增量备份文件过大** 解决方案:定期清理过期备份,启用压缩(如`--compress`参数) - **问题2:备份期间锁表** 解决方案:使用`--single-transaction`(InnoDB)或物理备份工具 - **问题3:版本兼容性错误** 解决方案:通过`--no-server-version-check`跳过检查(需谨慎)[^4] ---
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