安装TensorFlow-gpu

最近按照官网教程安装tensorflow-gpu版本时，遇到了一些问题，花了点时间，在这里总结下安装的步骤，希望对大家有所帮助.

首先说明下我的环境：

• 操作系统 win10
• 显卡 Nvidia GeForce 1060 ,提这个的原因是我需要安装GPU的支持

下面介绍下详细的安装步骤

一、添加显卡支持

• 下载并安装 CUDA Toolkit

CUDA Toolkit 下载地址: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads ，版本至少得8.0以上
按照安装程序默认安装即可，默认目录: C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0

• 下载并安装 cuDNN

cuDNN 下载地址: https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn， 版本为 5.1(非常重要，必须为5.1，当时我安装时没注意看，安装了6.0，结果导致了以下的错误)

C:\Users\test\Desktop>>python firstp.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 18, in swig_import_helper
return importlib.import_module(mname)
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib_ini
t_.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "", line 986, in _gcd_import
File "", line 969, in _find_and_load
File "", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "", line 666, in _load_unlocked
File "", line 577, in module_from_spec
File "", line 906, in create_module
File "", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python_init_.py", line 66, in 
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 21, in 
_pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 20, in swig_import_helper
return importlib.import_module('pywrap_tensorflow')
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib_ini
t.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
ImportError: No module named '_pywrap_tensorflow'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\test\Desktop\firstp.py", line 1, in 
import tensorflow as tf
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow_init_.py", line 24, in 
from tensorflow.python import *
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python_init_.py", line 72, in 
raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 18, in swig_import_helper
return importlib.import_module(mname)
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib_ini
t_.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "", line 986, in _gcd_import
File "", line 969, in _find_and_load
File "", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "", line 666, in _load_unlocked
File "", line 577, in module_from_spec
File "", line 906, in create_module
File "", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python_init_.py", line 66, in 
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 21, in 
_pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\t
ensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 20, in swig_import_helper
return importlib.import_module('pywrap_tensorflow')
File "C:\Users\test\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib_ini
t.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
ImportError: No module named '_pywrap_tensorflow'

接下来需要配置环境变量，默认情况下，安装程序会在系统环境变量中自动注册以下两个变量：

变量名	变量值
CUDA_PATH	C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0
CUDA_PATH_V8_0	C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0

我们还需手动修改环境变量Path，并添加以下两个变量值：

C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0\lib\x64
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0\extras\CUPTI\libx64

最后的效果应该如下：
系统变量

Path

接下来就是正式安装了，我是通过Anaconda的方式安装的，所以第一步得先安装Anaconda，下载地址： Anaconda

安装完后，我们执行以下的命令安装 python:

conda create -n tensorflow python=3.5.2

下一步，通过Anaconda激活我们安装的Python，并安装 tensorflow-gpu：

activate tensorflow
pip install tensorflow-gpu

最后，我们来验证一下安装是否成功：

activate tensorflow
python
import tensorflow as tf
hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!')
sess = tf.Session()
print(sess.run(hello))

如果一切正常，你将看到以下的输出：

Hello, TensorFlow!

到这里，我们已经成功的安装了TensorFlow，本次教程也到此为止。