Combination Sum II 无序数组中找组合（每个元素只能用一次）使得和为target@LeetCode@LeetCode

和上一题思想一样，区别在于每个元素只能用一次，所以start的位置也要改变。

另外一个问题是如何处理返回大集合中有重复子集合的问题。最容易想到的就是用HashSet来过滤一遍，参考了http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/u011095253/article/details/9158423

的大作后发现有一种更绿色的方法，就是多用一个while循环跳过相同的元素！这个技巧在很多情况下都很好用的！

package Level4;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Combination Sum II
 * 
 *  Given a collection of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.

Each number in C may only be used once in the combination.

Note:
All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
Elements in a combination (a1, a2, … , ak) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a1 ≤ a2 ≤ … ≤ ak).
The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set 10,1,2,7,6,1,5 and target 8, 
A solution set is: 
[1, 7] 
[1, 2, 5] 
[2, 6] 
[1, 1, 6] 
 *
 */
public class S40 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int[] num = {10,1,2,7,6,1,5};
		int target = 8;
		System.out.println(combinationSum2(num, target));
	}

	public static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> combinationSum2(int[] num, int target) {
		 ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ret = new  ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
		 ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		 Arrays.sort(num);
		 dfs(num, target, 0, ret, al);
		 return ret;
    }
	
	public static void dfs(int[] num, int remain, int start, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ret, ArrayList<Integer> al){
		if(remain == 0){
			ret.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(al));
			return;
		}
		
		for(int i=start; i<num.length; i++){
			int rest = remain - num[i];
			if(rest < 0){
				return;
			}
			al.add(num[i]);
			dfs(num, rest, i+1, ret, al);	// 因为不能重复使用元素，所以每次用完后就跳过
			al.remove(al.size()-1);
			
			// 跳过相同的元素
			while(i<num.length-1 && num[i]==num[i+1]){
				i++;
			}
		}
	}
}

注意：

            while(i+1<num.length && num[i+1]==num[i]){
                i++;
            }

这里i只能和i+1比较，因为i是从0开始的，所以如果与i-1比较则会因为越界而无法继续比较。

public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> combinationSum2(int[] num, int target) {
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ret = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
        ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        Arrays.sort(num);
        dfs(num, target, 0, al, ret);
        return ret;
    }
    
    public void dfs(int[] num, int target, int pos, ArrayList<Integer> al, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ret){
        if(target < 0){
            return;
        }
        if(target == 0){
            ret.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(al));
            return;
        }
        
        for(int i=pos; i<num.length; i++){
            al.add(num[i]);
            dfs(num, target-num[i], i+1, al, ret);
            al.remove(al.size()-1);
            
            while(i+1<num.length && num[i+1]==num[i]){
                i++;
            }
        }
    }
}