VM虚拟机模拟Linux服务器新增物理硬盘

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-03 18:57:57 发布

hellboy0621

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-03 18:57:57 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： Linux 磁盘

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1、关闭虚拟机，增加2张磁盘，模拟新增2块物理硬盘

根据需求修改磁盘大小

添加完成后如图所示

2、启动服务器，以root登录

3、查看磁盘信息

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes, 73400320 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ae75e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    62914559    30407680   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

4、分别对每个磁盘进行分区

[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa8bf9e37.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition #增加新分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) #逻辑分区
   e   extended                                #扩展分区
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):            #按回车取默认值
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):    #按回车取默认值

Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151):
Using default value 2097151
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1023 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w                        #w回车保存设置
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe7c0c272.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303):
Using default value 4194303
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

5、新增分区后再次查看磁盘信息

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes, 73400320 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ae75e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    62914559    30407680   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa8bf9e37

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     2097151     1047552   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe7c0c272

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048     4194303     2096128   83  Linux

6、格式化分区

[root@localhost /]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 261888 blocks
13094 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost /]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdc1
meta-data=/dev/sdc1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131008 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524032, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

8、格式化后再次查看磁盘信息

[root@localhost /]# lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE      LABEL           UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1      xfs                         e008266f-d10b-4b54-b2ce-902e28f1f8fe   /boot
└─sda2      LVM2_member                 pCRmuu-Qdz1-BGnm-Z4hZ-3Eic-4uRx-CeEL5o
  ├─cl-root xfs                         82e0dbc6-4e34-4ce3-8c51-2a37779e1041   /
  └─cl-swap swap                        a9fdb3a2-c3be-4d58-9aca-d5308dd24c63   [SWAP]
sdb
└─sdb1      ext4                        4698d481-b50d-433c-8476-855fe7ff5f64
sdc
└─sdc1      xfs                         790ed65d-110d-40ee-b997-4a74274c5c70
sr0         iso9660     CentOS 7 x86_64 2016-12-05-13-55-45-00

9、新建文件夹并挂载分区

mkdir /data1/
mkdir /data2/

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1/
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdc1 /data2/

10、查看硬盘大小及挂载分区

[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root   26G  8.1G   18G  32% /
devtmpfs             473M     0  473M   0% /dev
tmpfs                489M   84K  489M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                489M  7.1M  482M   2% /run
tmpfs                489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
tmpfs                 98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 98M   16K   98M   1% /run/user/42
/dev/sdb1            991M  2.6M  922M   1% /data1
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /data2

[root@localhost /]# lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE      LABEL           UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1      xfs                         e008266f-d10b-4b54-b2ce-902e28f1f8fe   /boot
└─sda2      LVM2_member                 pCRmuu-Qdz1-BGnm-Z4hZ-3Eic-4uRx-CeEL5o
  ├─cl-root xfs                         82e0dbc6-4e34-4ce3-8c51-2a37779e1041   /
  └─cl-swap swap                        a9fdb3a2-c3be-4d58-9aca-d5308dd24c63   [SWAP]
sdb
└─sdb1      ext4                        4698d481-b50d-433c-8476-855fe7ff5f64   /data1
sdc
└─sdc1      xfs                         790ed65d-110d-40ee-b997-4a74274c5c70   /data2
sr0         iso9660     CentOS 7 x86_64 2016-12-05-13-55-45-00

11、配置开机自动挂载

[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/fstab

在最后加入下面内容

/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc2 /data2 xfs defaults 0 0

12、重启服务器看配置是否生效