C++ 关键字

电面被问到，没答出。于是。。。
比较少用到的

mutable

和 const 对应

//from msdn
class X 
{
public:
    bool GetFlag() const 
    {
        m_accessCount++;
        return m_flag;
    }
private:
    bool m_flag;
    mutable int m_accessCount;
};

explicit

//from http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/explicit
struct A
{
    A(int) { }      // converting constructor
    A(int, int) { } // converting constructor (C++11)
    operator bool() const { return true; }
};

struct B
{
    explicit B(int) { }
    explicit B(int, int) { }
    explicit operator bool() const { return true; }
};

int main()
{
    A a1 = 1;      // OK: copy-initialization selects A::A(int)
    A a2(2);       // OK: direct-initialization selects A::A(int)
    A a3 {4, 5};   // OK: direct-list-initialization selects A::A(int, int)
    A a4 = {4, 5}; // OK: copy-list-initialization selects A::A(int, int)
    A a5 = (A)1;   // OK: explicit cast performs static_cast
    if (a1) ;      // OK: A::operator bool()
    bool na1 = a1; // OK: copy-initialization selects A::operator bool()
    bool na2 = static_cast<bool>(a1); // OK: static_cast performs direct-initialization

//  B b1 = 1;      // error: copy-initialization does not consider B::B(int)
    B b2(2);       // OK: direct-initialization selects B::B(int)
    B b3 {4, 5};   // OK: direct-list-initialization selects B::B(int, int)
//  B b4 = {4, 5}; // error: copy-list-initialization does not consider B::B(int,int)
    B b5 = (B)1;   // OK: explicit cast performs static_cast
    if (b2) ;      // OK: B::operator bool()
//  bool nb1 = b2; // error: copy-initialization does not consider B::operator bool()
    bool nb2 = static_cast<bool>(b2); // OK: static_cast performs direct-initialization
}

typeid

//from msdn
class Base {
public:
virtual void vvfunc() {}
};

class Derived : public Base {};

using namespace std;
int main() {
Derived* pd = new Derived;
Base* pb = pd;
cout << typeid( pb ).name() << endl;
cout << typeid( *pb ).name() << endl;
cout << typeid( pd ).name() << endl;
cout << typeid( *pd ).name() << endl;
delete pd;
return 0;
}
/*output:
class Base *
class Derived
class Derived *
class Derived
*/

typename

和template一起用，作用同class

template <class T>
class C1 : typename T::InnerType
{};
template <class T>
class C2 : A<typename T::InnerType>...

四个cast

static_cast 和 dynamic_cast

dynamic_cast主要用于类层次间的上行转换和下行转换，还可以用于类之间的交叉转换。
在类层次间进行上行转换时，dynamic_cast和static_cast的效果是一样的；在进行下行转换时，dynamic_cast具有类型检查的功能，比static_cast更安全。

const_cast

似乎可以把 非const 转为 const，const 转为 非const
不过只能对 指针，引用 操作

    const int a=1;
    int*b=const_cast<int*>(&a);
    //int*c=static_cast<int*>(&a);//compile error
    *b=2;
    cout<<a<<endl;//1
    cout<<*b<<endl;//2
    cout<<(&a==b)<<endl;//1

reinterpret_cast

没弄明白。。。

参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/fanzhidongyzby/archive/2012/11/07/2759326.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/chio/archive/2007/07/18/822389.html