第1关:AlphaBeta剪枝算法求解博弈树最优选择

本文介绍如何运用AlphaBeta剪枝算法解决博弈树的最优值问题。通过理解博弈树的输入数据格式,建立博弈树并利用递归实现AlphaBeta剪枝算法,以最小化最大值或最大化最小值的方式找到最优决策。文章提供了算法原理、问题求解思路以及编程要求,包括相关函数的实现细节。

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任务描述

本关任务:学习人工智能博弈算法中的 AlphaBeta 剪枝技巧,并基于 MinMax 算法编程实现如下图博弈树最优值问题的求解。

 

博弈树的输入形式为字符串:[A, [B, (E, 3), (F, 12), (G, 8)], [C, (H, 2), (I, 4), (J, 6)], [D, (K, 14), (L, 5), (M, 2)]],其中 [] 里的第一项为结点名称,后面的 [] 或 () 为子结点,而 () 里边则为叶子结点名称及其值。通过 Python 中的 ast.literal_eval 模块可以将该字符串数据解析为数据在 Python 数据类型里本应该存在的形式,在本例子中即为列表和元组,使用方法可见文件目录中的 testAlphaBeta.py 文件。

学员需要将列表和元组组成的数据构建成一棵如上图所示的博弈树,然后求解最优值,该博弈树的根结点为 Max 层,上图所示的最优结点为 B ,最优值为 3 。

相关知识

为了完成本关任务,你需要掌握:1. alpha-beta 剪枝原理,2.问题求解思路。

alpha-beta 剪枝原理

极小

======================================================================== MICROSOFT FOUNDATION CLASS LIBRARY : fir ======================================================================== AppWizard has created this fir application for you. This application not only demonstrates the basics of using the Microsoft Foundation classes but is also a starting point for writing your application. This file contains a summary of what you will find in each of the files that make up your fir application. fir.dsp This file (the project file) contains information at the project level and is used to build a single project or subproject. Other users can share the project (.dsp) file, but they should export the makefiles locally. fir.h This is the main header file for the application. It includes other project specific headers (including Resource.h) and declares the CFirApp application class. fir.cpp This is the main application source file that contains the application class CFirApp. fir.rc This is a listing of all of the Microsoft Windows resources that the program uses. It includes the icons, bitmaps, and cursors that are stored in the RES subdirectory. This file can be directly edited in Microsoft Visual C++. fir.clw This file contains information used by ClassWizard to edit existing classes or add new classes. ClassWizard also uses this file to store information needed to create and edit message maps and dialog data maps and to create prototype member functions. res\fir.ico This is an icon file, which is used as the application's icon. This icon is included by the main resource file fir.rc. res\fir.rc2 This file contains resources that are not edited by Microsoft Visual C++. You should place all resources not editable by the resource editor in this file. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// For the main frame window: MainFrm.h, MainFrm.cpp These files contain the frame class CMainFrame, which is derived from CFrameWnd and controls all SDI frame features. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// AppWizard creates one document type and one view: firDoc.h, firDoc.cpp - the document These files contain your CFirDoc class. Edit these files to add your special document data and to implement file saving and loading (via CFirDoc::Serialize). firView.h, firView.cpp - the view of the document These files contain your CFirView class. CFirView objects are used to view CFirDoc objects. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Other standard files: StdAfx.h, StdAfx.cpp These files are used to build a precompiled header (PCH) file named fir.pch and a precompiled types file named StdAfx.obj. Resource.h This is the standard header file, which defines new resource IDs. Microsoft Visual C++ reads and updates this file. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Other notes: AppWizard uses "TODO:" to indicate parts of the source code you should add to or customize. If your application uses MFC in a shared DLL, and your application is in a language other than the operating system's current language, you will need to copy the corresponding localized resources MFC42XXX.DLL from the Microsoft Visual C++ CD-ROM onto the system or system32 directory, and rename it to be MFCLOC.DLL. ("XXX" stands for the language abbreviation. For example, MFC42DEU.DLL contains resources translated to German.) If you don't do this, some of the UI elements of your application will remain in the language of the operating system. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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