SaltStack：return，job管理，salt-ssh

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-11 15:57:10 发布

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本文详细介绍了SaltStack中return机制的工作原理，包括Minion与MySQL存储服务器的交互，以及如何通过job cache在Master端缓存并存储结果。此外，还涵盖了job管理、salt-ssh远程管理的实战步骤和示例。

SaltStack之return与job管理

SaltStack组件之return

return流程

return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。

使用mysql作为return存储方式

在所有minion上安装Mysql-python模块

[root@master ~]# salt '*' pkg.install python3-PyMySQL
minion1:
    ----------
    python3-PyMySQL:
        ----------
        new:
            0.10.1-2.module_el8.5.0+761+faacb0fb
        old:
    python3-cffi:
        ----------
        new:
            1.11.5-5.el8
        old:
    python3-cryptography:
        ----------
        new:
            3.2.1-5.el8
        old:
    python3-pycparser:
        ----------
        new:
            2.14-14.el8
        old:

部署一台mysql服务器用作存储服务器

#创建数据库和表结构
[root@minion1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE  `salt`
    ->   DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
    ->   DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
    ->   `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    ->   `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    ->   UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
    ->   `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
    ->   `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    ->   `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    ->   `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    ->   `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
    ->   `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    ->   `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    ->   KEY `id` (`id`),
    ->   KEY `jid` (`jid`),
    ->   KEY `fun` (`fun`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
    -> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    -> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    -> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    -> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)
#配置访问权限
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'192.168.11.%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

配置minion

[root@minion1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
mysql.host: '192.168.11.132'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'root'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

在Master上测试存储到mysql中

[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql
minion1:
    True

在数据库中查询

MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       fun: test.ping
       jid: 20210708111512943887
    return: true
        id: minion1
   success: 1
  full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708111512943887", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "minion1"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 10:15:13
1 row in set (0.001 sec)

job cache

2.1 job cache流程

return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？

答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。

开启master端的master_job_cache

[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
#return: mysql

master_job_cache: mysql

mysql.host: '192.168.11.132'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

在数据库服务器中清空表内容

[root@minion1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.000 sec)

在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库

[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion1:
    True
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h'
minion1:
    Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    devtmpfs             371M     0  371M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                391M   60K  391M   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                391M  5.6M  385M   2% /run
    tmpfs                391M     0  391M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  2.4G   15G  14% /
    /dev/sda1           1014M  197M  818M  20% /boot
    tmpfs                 79M     0   79M   0% /run/user/0

在数据库中查询

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       fun: test.ping
       jid: 20210708102915735967
    return: true
        id: minion1
   success: 1
  full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion1", "success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708102915735967", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T10:29:16.012229"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 10:29:16
*************************** 2. row ***************************
       fun: cmd.run
       jid: 20210708113142767729
    return: "Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs             371M     0  371M   0% /dev\ntmpfs                391M   60K  391M   1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                391M  5.6M  385M   2% /run\ntmpfs                391M     0  391M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  2.4G   15G  14% /\n/dev/sda1           1014M  197M  818M  20% /boot\ntmpfs                 79M     0   79M   0% /run/user/0"
        id: minion1
   success: 1
  full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion1", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs             371M     0  371M   0% /dev\ntmpfs                391M   60K  391M   1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                391M  5.6M  385M   2% /run\ntmpfs                391M     0  391M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root   17G  2.4G   15G  14% /\n/dev/sda1           1014M  197M  818M  20% /boot\ntmpfs                 79M     0   79M   0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20210708103142767729", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-07-08T10:31:42.907160"}
alter_time: 2021-07-08 10:31:42
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)

job管理

获取任务的jid

root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20210708113359612982
-------------------------------------------

minion1:
     10:33:59 up 38 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.01

通过jid获取此任务的返回结果

[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20210708113359612982
minion1:
     10:33:59 up 38 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.01

SaltStack之salt-ssh

salt-ssh远程管理的方式

salt-ssh有两种方式实现远程管理，一种是在配置文件中记录所有客户端的信息，诸如 IP 地址、端口号、用户名、密码以及是否支持sudo等；另一种是使用密钥实现远程管理，不需要输入密码。

salt-ssh管理

在 master 上安装 salt-ssh

[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh

通过使用用户名密码的SSH实现远程管理

修改配置文件，添加受控机信息

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
minion2:
  host: 192.168.11.122
  user: fred
  passwd: root

第一次访问时需要输入 yes/no ，但是 saltstack 是不支持交互式操作的，所以为了解决这个问题，我们需要对其进行设置，让系统不进行主机验证。

[root@master ~]# vim ~/.ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking no

测试连通性

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'dnf -y install python3'
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
minion2:
    True

通过salt-ssh初始化系统安装salt-minion

执行状态命令，初始化系统，安装salt-minion

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base/{repo,files}
[root@master ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo /srv/salt/base/repo/salt.repo
[root@master ~]# cp /etc/salt/minion /srv/salt/base/files/
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/repo.sls
salt_repo:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
    - source: salt://repo/salt.repo
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 0644
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/minion.sls
minion_install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: salt-minion

minion_conf:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/salt/minion
    - source: salt://files/minion
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - template: jinja
    - default:
      ID: {{ grains['ipv4'] [1] }}
    - require:
      - pkg: minion_install

minion_service:
  service.running:
    - name: salt-minion
    - enable: True
    - start: True
    - watch:
       - file: /etc/salt/minion

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.sls repo
[root@master ~]# salt-ssh '*' state.sls minion

测试

[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
minion1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
minion2
Rejected Keys:
[root@master ~]# salt-key -ya minion2
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
minion2:
    True
minion1:
    True