nginx+lua+kafka实现日志统一收集汇总

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-07-06 16:19:17 发布 722 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

openresty(nginx)+lua+kafka实现日志搜集系统阅读详情

一场景描述

对于线上大流量服务或者需要上报日志的nginx服务，每天会产生大量的日志，这些日志非常有价值。可用于计数上报、用户行为分析、接口质量、性能监控等需求。但传统nginx记录日志的方式数据会散落在各自nginx上，而且大流量日志本身对磁盘也是一种冲击。
我们需要把这部分nginx日志统一收集汇总起来,收集过程和结果需要满足如下需求:
支持不同业务获取数据,如监控业务，数据分析统计业务，推荐业务等。
数据实时性
高性能保证

二:技术方案

得益于openresty和kafka的高性能，我们可以非常轻量高效的实现当前需求，架构如下:
这里写图片描述
方案描述:
1:线上请求打向nginx后，使用lua完成日志整理:如统一日志格式，过滤无效请求，分组等。
2:根据不同业务的nginx日志,划分不同的topic。
3:lua实现producter异步发送到kafka集群。
4:对不同日志感兴趣的业务组实时消费获取日志数据。

三:相关技术
openresty: http://openresty.org
kafka: http://kafka.apache.org
lua-resty-kafka: https://github.com/doujiang24/lua-resty-kafka

四:安装配置
为了简单直接，我们采用单机形式配置部署，集群情况类似。
1)准备openresty依赖:
Java代码收藏代码
apt-get install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev perl make build-essential
# 或者
yum install readline-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc

2)安装编译openresty:
Java代码收藏代码
#1:安装openresty:
cd /opt/nginx/ # 安装文件所在目录
wget https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.9.7.4.tar.gz
tar -xzf openresty-1.9.7.4.tar.gz /opt/nginx/

#配置:
# 指定目录为/opt/openresty,默认在/usr/local。
./configure –prefix=/opt/openresty \
–with-luajit \
–without-http_redis2_module \
–with-http_iconv_module
make
make install

3)安装lua-resty-kafka

Java代码收藏代码
#下载lua-resty-kafka:
wget https://github.com/doujiang24/lua-resty-kafka/archive/master.zip
unzip lua-resty-kafka-master.zip -d /opt/nginx/

#拷贝lua-resty-kafka到openresty
mkdir /opt/openresty/lualib/kafka
cp -rf /opt/nginx/lua-resty-kafka-master/lib/resty /opt/openresty/lualib/kafka/

4):安装单机kafka
Java代码收藏代码
cd /opt/nginx/
wget http://apache.fayea.com/kafka/0.9.0.1/kafka_2.10-0.9.0.1.tgz
tar xvf kafka_2.10-0.9.0.1.tgz

# 开启单机zookeeper
nohup sh bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties > ./zk.log 2>&1 &
**# 绑定broker ip,必须绑定
**#在config/servier.properties下修改host.name
host.name={your_server_ip}
# 启动kafka服务
nohup sh bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties > ./server.log 2>&1 &
# 创建测试topic
sh bin/kafka-topics.sh –zookeeper localhost:2181 –create –topic test1 –partitions 1 –replication-factor 1

五:配置运行

开发编辑/opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 实现kafka记录nginx日志功能，源码如下:
Java代码收藏代码
worker_processes 12;

events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 0;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/X-JSON;
charset UTF-8;
# 配置后端代理服务
upstream rc{
server 10.10.*.15:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.16:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.16.*.54:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.16.*.55:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.113:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.137:8080 weight=6 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.138:8080 weight=6 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.33:8080 weight=4 max_fails=3;
# 最大长连数
keepalive 32;
}
# 配置lua依赖库地址
lua_package_path “/opt/openresty/lualib/kafka/?.lua;;”;

server {  
    listen       80;  
    server_name  localhost;  
    location /favicon.ico {  
        root   html;  
            index  index.html index.htm;  
    }  
    location / {  
        proxy_connect_timeout 8;  
        proxy_send_timeout 8;  
        proxy_read_timeout 8;  
        proxy_buffer_size 4k;  
        proxy_buffers 512 8k;  
        proxy_busy_buffers_size 8k;  
        proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;  
        proxy_next_upstream http_500 http_502  http_503 http_504  error timeout invalid_header;  
        root   html;  
        index  index.html index.htm;  
        proxy_pass http://rc;  
        proxy_http_version 1.1;  
        proxy_set_header Connection "";  
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  
        # 使用log_by_lua 包含lua代码,因为log_by_lua指令运行在请求最后且不影响proxy_pass机制  
        log_by_lua '  
            -- 引入lua所有api  
            local cjson = require "cjson"  
            local producer = require "resty.kafka.producer"  
            -- 定义kafka broker地址，ip需要和kafka的host.name配置一致  
            local broker_list = {  
                { host = "10.10.78.52", port = 9092 },  
            }  
            -- 定义json便于日志数据整理收集  
            local log_json = {}  
            log_json["uri"]=ngx.var.uri  
            log_json["args"]=ngx.var.args  
            log_json["host"]=ngx.var.host  
            log_json["request_body"]=ngx.var.request_body  
            log_json["remote_addr"] = ngx.var.remote_addr  
            log_json["remote_user"] = ngx.var.remote_user  
            log_json["time_local"] = ngx.var.time_local  
            log_json["status"] = ngx.var.status  
            log_json["body_bytes_sent"] = ngx.var.body_bytes_sent  
            log_json["http_referer"] = ngx.var.http_referer  
            log_json["http_user_agent"] = ngx.var.http_user_agent  
            log_json["http_x_forwarded_for"] = ngx.var.http_x_forwarded_for  
            log_json["upstream_response_time"] = ngx.var.upstream_response_time  
            log_json["request_time"] = ngx.var.request_time  
            -- 转换json为字符串  
            local message = cjson.encode(log_json);  
            -- 定义kafka异步生产者  
            local bp = producer:new(broker_list, { producer_type = "async" })  
            -- 发送日志消息,send第二个参数key,用于kafka路由控制:  
            -- key为nill(空)时，一段时间向同一partition写入数据  
            -- 指定key，按照key的hash写入到对应的partition  
            local ok, err = bp:send("test1", nil, message)  

            if not ok then  
                ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "kafka send err:", err)  
                return  
            end  
        ';  
    }  
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
    location = /50x.html {  
        root   html;  
    }  
}

}

六:检测&运行

Java代码收藏代码
检测配置,只检测nginx配置是否正确，lua错误日志在nginx的error.log文件中
./nginx -t /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 启动
./nginx -c /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 重启
./nginx -s reload

七:测试

1:使用任意http请求发送给当前nginx，如:
引用

http://10.10.78.52/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

2:查看upstream代理是否工作正常
3:查看kafka 日志对应的topic是否产生消息日志，如下:
引用

# 从头消费topic数据命令
sh kafka-console-consumer.sh –zookeeper 10.10.78.52:2181 –topic test1 –from-beginning

效果监测:
这里写图片描述
4:ab压力测试
引用

#单nginx+upstream测试:
ab -n 10000 -c 100 -k http://10.10.34.15/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

#结果
Server Software: nginx
Server Hostname: 10.10.34.15
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com
Document Length: 13810 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 2.148996 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 9982
(Connect: 0, Length: 9982, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Keep-Alive requests: 0
Total transferred: 227090611 bytes
HTML transferred: 225500642 bytes
Requests per second: 4653.34 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 21.490 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.215 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 103196.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 2
Processing: 5 20 23.6 16 701
Waiting: 4 17 20.8 13 686
Total: 5 20 23.6 16 701
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 16
66% 20
75% 22
80% 25
90% 33
95% 41
98% 48
99% 69
100% 701 (longest request)

引用

#单nginx+upstream+log_lua_kafka接入测试:
ab -n 10000 -c 100 -k http://10.10.78.52/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

#结果
Server Software: openresty/1.9.7.4
Server Hostname: 10.10.78.52
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com
Document Length: 34396 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 2.234785 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 9981
(Connect: 0, Length: 9981, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Keep-Alive requests: 0
Total transferred: 229781343 bytes
HTML transferred: 228071374 bytes
Requests per second: 4474.70 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 22.348 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.223 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 100410.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.2 0 3
Processing: 6 20 27.6 17 1504
Waiting: 5 15 12.0 14 237
Total: 6 20 27.6 17 1504
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 17
66% 19
75% 21
80% 23
90% 28
95% 34
98% 46
99% 67
100% 1004 (longest request)