kubernetes学习（二）通过kubeadm安装kubernetes（master节点启动）

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kubernetes学习（一）搭建环境（vmware+ubuntu+docker）

关闭swap分区

swapoff -a

修改hosts文件

192.168.0.122 master
192.168.0.106 worker2
192.168.0.121 worker3

可以用路由器管理平台固定ip地址

配置仓库源，安装必要组件

官方教程

sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https may be a dummy package; if so, you can skip that package
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg

# If the directory `/etc/apt/keyrings` does not exist, it should be created before the curl command, read the note below.
# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
# 此处修改成国内镜像源
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

# Update the apt package index, install kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl, and pin their version:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

此时查看systemctl status kubectl是inactive，即使start也是会不断重启，这是因为需要等kube admin

将当前默认配置导出

用导出的配置为基础更新自己的配置

kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml

修改配置
advertiseAddress
name
serviceSubnet

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.0.122
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: master
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 2m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.30.0
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 169.169.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

*此处子网掩码不要和主机地址有冲突，否则会导致主机被当作cluster节点流量转发，无法通过ping或者ssh登陆

初始化前准备工作

查看需要的镜像

lu@192:~/document/kubernetes$ sudo kubeadm config images list
I0825 13:04:56.934845   12673 version.go:256] remote version is much newer: v1.33.4; falling back to: stable-1.30
W0825 13:05:06.938155   12673 version.go:104] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.30.txt": Get "https://cdn.dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.30.txt": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
W0825 13:05:06.938228   12673 version.go:105] falling back to the local client version: v1.30.14
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.30.14
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.30.14
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.30.14
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.30.14
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.3
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.15-0

下载对应的镜像

用国内镜像

lu@192:~/document/kubernetes$ sudo kubeadm config images pull --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
I0825 13:07:00.380791   12709 version.go:256] remote version is much newer: v1.33.4; falling back to: stable-1.30
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.30.14
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.30.14
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.30.14
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.30.14
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.11.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.15-0

修改tag

sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.30.14 registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.30.14
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.30.14 registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.30.14
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.30.14 registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.30.14
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.30.14 registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.30.14
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.11.3 registry.k8s.io/coredns:v1.11.3
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
sudo docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.15-0 registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.15-0

配置containerd

###初始化containerd
如果/etc/containerd/config.toml和网上教程说的有很大出入，就需要初始化

sudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

初始化之后大概是这样

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    cdi_spec_dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"
    enable_cdi = false
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    image_pull_progress_timeout = "5m0s"
    image_pull_with_sync_fs = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1
      setup_serially = false

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_blockio_not_enabled_errors = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
          sandbox_mode = "podsandbox"
          snapshotter = ""

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.nri.v1.nri"]
    disable = true
    disable_connections = false
    plugin_config_path = "/etc/nri/conf.d"
    plugin_path = "/opt/nri/plugins"
    plugin_registration_timeout = "5s"
    plugin_request_timeout = "2s"
    socket_path = "/var/run/nri/nri.sock"

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]
    sync_fs = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    blockio_config_file = ""
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.blockfile"]
    fs_type = ""
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    scratch_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    sync_remove = false
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local"]
    config_path = ""
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_concurrent_uploaded_layers = 3

    [[plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local".unpack_config]]
      differ = ""
      platform = "linux/amd64"
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.metrics.shimstats" = "2s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

##修改配置
修改sandbox_image字段为国内镜像源并且要和kubernetes的需要的pause版本一致

sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"

修改SystemdCgroup

sudo sed -i 's#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

##重启containerd

sudo systemctl restart containerd

kubernetes集群master节点初始化

sudo kubeadm init --config=init-config.yaml

成功的话，最后的输出是

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.122:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:55bbe3d70b5e36014be640323798add67956f1e3a434978111bd07292d6f7fd0

最后的一点配置

根据init命令输出，做对应的配置

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

遇到的问题

1 kubeadm init不成功
用sudo journalctl -xe -u kubelet查看报错信息
sandbox问题看containerd章节