python学习笔记（九）—— 单元测试

运行测试用例时，每完成一个单元测试，Python都打印一个字符：测试通过时打印一个句点；测试引发错误时打印一个E；测试导致断言失败时打印一个F。

 

测试函数

先定义一个获取姓名的函数，存储为name_function.py。

def get_formatted_name(first,last,middle=''):
	if middle:
		full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' +last
	else:
		full_name = first + ' ' + last
	return full_name.title()

编写一个使用get_formatted_name()函数的程序name.py，证明这个函数可以像期望的那样工作。

from name_function import get_formatted_name
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
	first = input("\nPlease give me a first name: ")
	if first == 'q':
		break
	last = input("Please give me a last name: ")
	if last == 'q':
		break
	formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first,last)
	print("\tNeatly formated name : " + formatted_name + ".")

创建测试用例，test_name_function.py，测试get_formatted_name()在给定名和姓时能否正确的工作。

#针对单个函数的测试
import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name

#必须继承unittest.TestCase类
class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
	"""测试name_function.py,方法名必须以test打头"""
	def test_first_last_name(self):
		"""能够正确处理像Jains Joplin这样的姓名吗？"""
		formatted_name = get_formatted_name('jains','joplin')
		#print(formatted_name)
		"""断言"""
		self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Jains Joplin')
	def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
		formatted_name = get_formatted_name('wolfgang','mozart','amadeus')
		self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')

unittest.main()

---

测试类

先定义一个类，存为survey.py。

class AnonymousSurvey():
	"""收集匿名调查问卷的答案"""
	def __init__(self,question):
		"""存储一个问题，并未存储答案做准备"""
		self.question = question
		self.responses = []
	def show_question(self):
		"""显示调查问卷"""
		print(self.question)
	def store_response(self,response):
		"""存储单份调查答卷"""
		self.responses.append(response)
	def show_results(self):
		"""显示收集到的所有答卷"""
		print("Survey results:")
		for response in self.responses:
			print('-' + response)

编写一个使用AnonymousSurvey()类的程序language_survey.py，证明这个类可以像期望的那样工作。

from survey import AnonymousSurvey
#定义一个问题，并创建一个表示调查的AnonymousSurvey对象
question = "What language did you first learn to speak？"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
#显示问题并存储答案
my_survey.show_question()
print ("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
    response = input("Language: ")
    if response == 'q':
        break
    my_survey.store_response(response)
#显示调查结果
print("\nThank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()

创建测试用例，test_survey.py，测试AnonymousSurvey()类能否正确的工作。

#测试AnonymousSurvey类
#测试如果用户面对调查问题时只提供了一个答案，这个答案能被妥善的存储
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善的存储"""
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak？"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.store_response('Chinese')
        self.assertIn('Chinese',my_survey.responses)
    def test_store_three_response(self):
        """测试3个答案会被妥善的存储"""
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak？"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        responses = ['English','Spanish','Chinese']
        for response in responses:
            my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in responses:
            self.assertIn(response,my_survey.responses)     
unittest.main()

使用方法setUp()。只需创建对象一次，但在每个测试方法中都可使用它们

#使用setUp()方法简化上面的代码，创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供方法test_store_single_response()和test_store_three_response()使用
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
    def setUp(self):
        """创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用"""
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak？"
        self.my_survey =  AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English','Spanish','Chinese']
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善的存储"""
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0],self.my_survey.responses)
    def test_store_three_response(self):
        """测试3个答案会被妥善的存储"""
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response,self.my_survey.responses)    
unittest.main()