改版知乎模拟登陆

今年知乎网进行了改版，界面变成了这个样子

网站的源码也相应做了变化，很多博客上的登录方式已经不行了

有一种万能的办法就是用无头浏览器去模拟登陆，可是这样做的效率低下

经过一番查找，在git上找到了某位大神的解决办法，源码如下：

import requests, time
import hmac, json
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from hashlib import sha1


def get_captcha(data, need_cap):
    ''' 处理验证码 '''
    if need_cap is False:
        return
    with open('captcha.gif', 'wb') as fb:
        fb.write(data)
    return input('captcha:')


def get_signature(grantType, clientId, source, timestamp):
    ''' 处理签名 '''

    hm = hmac.new(b'd1b964811afb40118a12068ff74a12f4', None, sha1)
    hm.update(str.encode(grantType))
    hm.update(str.encode(clientId))
    hm.update(str.encode(source))
    hm.update(str.encode(timestamp))

    return str(hm.hexdigest())


def login(username, password, oncaptcha, sessiona, headers):
    ''' 处理登录 '''

    resp1 = sessiona.get('https://www.zhihu.com/signin', headers=headers)  # 拿cookie:_xsrf
    resp2 = sessiona.get('https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=cn',
                         headers=headers)  # 拿cookie:capsion_ticket
    need_cap = json.loads(resp2.text)["show_captcha"]  # {"show_captcha":false} 表示不用验证码
    grantType = 'password'
    clientId = 'c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20'
    source = 'com.zhihu.web'
    timestamp = str((time.time() * 1000)).split('.')[0]  # 签名只按这个时间戳变化

    captcha_content = sessiona.get('https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=%d&type=login' % (time.time() * 1000),
                                   headers=headers).content

    data = {
        "client_id": clientId,
        "grant_type": grantType,
        "timestamp": timestamp,
        "source": source,
        "signature": get_signature(grantType, clientId, source, timestamp),  # 获取签名
        "username": username,
        "password": password,
        "lang": "cn",
        "captcha": oncaptcha(captcha_content, need_cap),  # 获取图片验证码
        "ref_source": "other_",
        "utm_source": ""
    }

   # print("**2**: " + str(data))
   # print("-" * 50)
    resp = sessiona.post('https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/sign_in', data, headers=headers).content
   # print(BeautifulSoup(resp, 'html.parser'))

   # print("-" * 50)
    return resp


if __name__ == "__main__":
    sessiona = requests.Session()
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36',
               'authorization': 'oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20'}

    login('你的邮箱', '你的密码', get_captcha, sessiona, headers)
    resp = sessiona.get('https://www.zhihu.com/inbox', headers=headers)  # 登录进去了，可以看私信了
   # print(BeautifulSoup(resp.content, 'html.parser'))
    resp2 = sessiona.get("https://www.zhihu.com/people/mu-yu-50-79/following", headers=headers)
    print(resp2.text)