Ubuntu20.04安装Qt4.8.6环境（失败，改用Ubuntu14.04）

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-07 12:29:03 发布

Emma东

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-07 12:29:03 发布

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分类专栏： Linux开发文章标签： ubuntu qt

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本博客记录了用Ubuntu20.04安装Qt4.8.6的过程，但在编译源码的时候失败了，且问题没有解决掉，最终不得不放弃，使用Ubuntu14.04的过程。

预备工作

Ubuntu更新源

在使用Ubuntu14.04等低版本时，由于软件源的问题，下载速度很慢，或者出现命令无法找到，需要更新源

参考这篇文章

博主使用Ubuntu14.04时，用阿里源解决了问题。

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

安装Qt

下载Qt4.8.6

下载页面：http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/4.8/4.8.6/

解压

tar -xvf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6.tar

编译

生成Makefile

到解压目录运行./configure，输入o，使用开源版本，提示"You don’t seem to have ‘make’ or ‘gmake’ in your PATH."。

root@pc-VirtualBox:/home/work/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6# ./configure
Which edition of Qt do you want to use ?

Type 'c' if you want to use the Commercial Edition.
Type 'o' if you want to use the Open Source Edition.

o

You don't seem to have 'make' or 'gmake' in your PATH.

在这篇文章看到了解决方法，需要安装g++编译器，需要安装build-essential：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

重新执行./configure，输入o，再输入yes，

再次报错

Basic XLib functionality test failed!
 You might need to modify the include and library search paths by editing
 QMAKE_INCDIR_X11 and QMAKE_LIBDIR_X11 in /home/work/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6/mkspecs/linux-g++.

进config.test / x11/xlib 执行make命令，看出错信息

cd config.tests/x11/xlib/
make

g++ -c -pipe -O2 -Wall -W  -I../../../mkspecs/linux-g++ -I. -I/usr/X11R6/include -o xlib.o xlib.cpp
xlib.cpp:42:10: fatal error: X11/Xlib.h: 没有那个文件或目录
   42 | #include <X11/Xlib.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make: *** [Makefile:190：xlib.o] 错误 1

发现问题可能是X11没有安装，先安装X11

sudo apt-get install libx11-dev

重新./configure，问题没有解决，可能是x11没有安装完整，运行apt-cache search x11-dev

sudo apt-cache search x11-dev

libx11-dev - X11 client-side library (development headers)
libxkbcommon-x11-dev - library to create keymaps with the XKB X11 protocol - development files
libghc-gi-gdkx11-dev - GDKX11 bindings
libghc-x11-dev - Haskell X11 binding for GHC
libnx-x11-dev - nxagent's libNX_X11 client-part library (development headers)
librust-cairo-sys-rs+x11-dev - FFI bindings to libcairo - feature "x11"
librust-x11-dev - X11 library bindings for Rust - Rust source code

安装X11相关的库，依次安装即可

sudo apt -get install libghc-x11-dev
sudo apt -get install libxkbcommon-x11-dev
sudo apt -get install libghc-gi-gdkx11-dev
sudo apt -get install libnx-x11-dev
sudo apt -get install librust-cairo-sys-rs+x11-dev
sudo apt -get install librust-x11-dev

再次运行./configure. Makefile生成成功

Qt is now configured for building. Just run 'make'.
Once everything is built, you must run 'make install'.
Qt will be installed into /usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.8.6

To reconfigure, run 'make confclean' and 'configure'.

编译源代码

执行make

make

编译出错

dialogs/qprintdialog_unix.cpp:1020:40: error: ‘class Ui::QPrintWidget’ has no member named ‘printers’
 1020 |         printer->setPrinterName(widget.printers->currentText());
      |                                        ^~~~~~~~
make[1]: *** [Makefile:128933：.obj/release-shared/qprintdialog_unix.o] 错误 1
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/work/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6/src/gui”
make: *** [Makefile:385：sub-gui-make_default-ordered] 错误 2

问题一直没有得到解决，最后无奈改装低版本的Ubuntu14.04，以下是Ubuntu14.04的教程。
有人说是因为虚拟机打印功能没有开启，导致这些问题，但我没找到解决办法。

相关资料：
求助，ubuntu 20 安装 qt 4.8.7 ，编译时的问题

尝试过./configure -no-cups，重新make，问题依然存在。

安装

执行make install

make install

创建软连接

root@VirtualBox:/home/work/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6# qmake -v
qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file or directory

提示文件未找到，需要将/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.8.6/bin/qmake连接起来

sudo ln -s /usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.8.6/bin/qmake /usr/bin/qmake

查看Qt版本

root@VirtualBox:/home/work/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6# qmake -v

QMake version 2.01a
Using Qt version 4.8.6 in /usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.8.6/lib

测试HelloWorld

创建hello world

mkdir /home/qt/test
cd /home/qt/test
vim hello.cpp

添加内容

#include <QApplication>
#include <QLabel>

int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
	QApplication app(argc, argv);
	QLabel label("hello world!");

	label.show();
	return app.exec();	
}