Some operations, such as +=
and *=
, act in place to modify an existing array rather than create a new one.
>>> a = np.ones((2,3), dtype=int)
>>> b = np.random.random((2,3))
>>> a *= 3
>>> a
array([[3, 3, 3],
[3, 3, 3]])
>>> b += a
>>> b
array([[ 3.417022 , 3.72032449, 3.00011437],
[ 3.30233257, 3.14675589, 3.09233859]])
>>> a += b # b is not automatically converted to integer type
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Cannot cast ufunc add output from dtype('float64') to dtype('int64') with casting rule 'same_kind'
When operating with arrays of different types, the type of the resulting array corresponds to the more general or precise one (a behavior known as upcasting).
>>> a = np.ones(3, dtype=np.int32)
>>> b = np.linspace(0,pi,3)
>>> b.dtype.name
'float64'
>>> c = a+b
>>> c
array([ 1. , 2.57079633, 4.14159265])
>>> c.dtype.name
'float64'
>>> d = np.exp(c*1j)
>>> d
array([ 0.54030231+0.84147098j, -0.84147098+0.54030231j,
-0.54030231-0.84147098j])
>>> d.dtype.name
'complex128'