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本文详细介绍LVS负载均衡器的搭建过程，包括虚拟服务器、真实服务器的配置，及Keepalived实现高可用。同时，深入讲解Hadoop3.1.2在伪分布和全分布模式下的环境配置，涵盖HDFS、Zookeeper等关键组件。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

一、LVS

1，准备3台虚拟机
192.168.9.100(VIP) 192.168.9.12（RS） 192.168.9.13 (RS)
2，先配置3台虚拟机的网络：
etho0 ，配置在一个网段
DIP，RIP在一个网段
3，配置lvs的VIP (重启失效)
ifconfig etho:0 192.168.9.100/24
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
4,调整RS的响应，通告级别（每一台RS都配）：(重启失效)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens33/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens33/arp_announce
5，配置RS的VIP（每一台RS都配）(重启失效)
ifconfig lo:8 192.168.9.100 netmask 255.255.255.255
6,启动RS（realserver）上的httpd
yum install httpd -y
/var/www/html
vi index.html
from ooxxip
service httpd start
客户端验证：RIP：80能显示
VIP：80不能显示
7，LVS---ipvsadm
yum install ipvsadm -y
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.9.100:80 -s rr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.9.100:80 -r 192.168.9.12 -g
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.9.100:80 -r 192.168.9.13 -g
ipvsadm -ln
浏览器刷新：访问vip
ipvsadm -lnc
netstat -natp

二、keepalived

1.可以不用安装ipvsadm -lnc

keepalived (ipvsadm,自身高可用)

yum install keepalived

service keepalived start 启动

/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

tail /var/log/message 查看日志

三、lvs+keepalived高可用

1.两台lvs服务器安装keepalived高可用

yum install keepalived ipvsadm

vim keepalived.conf

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
...
       virtual_ipaddress{
              192.168.9.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:3
     }
...
}
// 只留一个virtual_server 如下：
virtual_server 192.168.9.100 80 {
      delay_loop 3
      lb_algo rr
      lb_kind DR
      persistence_timeout 50
      protocol TCP
      real_server 192.168.9.12  80 {
            weight 1
            HTTP_GET {
                url {
                   path /
                    status_code 200
                }
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
            }
      }
      real_server 192.168.9.13  80 {
            weight 1
            HTTP_GET {
                url {
                   path /
                    status_code 200
                }
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
            }
      }
}

HA:

	NN-1	NN-2	DN	ZK	ZKFC	JNN
node01	*				*	*
node02		*	*	*	*	*
node03			*	*		*
node04			*	*

四、hadoop3.1.2 (4台)

环境变量配置 HADOOP_HOME

1.伪分布式

vi hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root

export HDFS_ZKFC_USER=root
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root

vi core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://node01:9820</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/xiang/hadoop/full</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.HTTP.STATICUSER.USER</name>
        <value>root</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

vi hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
        <value>node01:9868</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

vi works

node01

2.全分布式

vi hadoop-env.sh 同上

vi hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>2</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
        <value>mycluster</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.mycluster</name>
        <value>namenode1,namenode2</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.namenode1</name>
        <value>node01:8020</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.namenode2</name>
        <value>node02:8020</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.namenode1</name>
        <value>node01:9870</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.namenode2</name>
        <value>node02:9870</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
        <value>qjournal://node01:8485;node02:8485;node03:8485/mycluster</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
        <value>sshfence</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
        <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
        <value>/xiang/hadoop/ha/journalnode</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

vi core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://mycluster</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/xiang/hadoop/ha</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.http.staticuser.user</name>
        <value>root</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
        <value>node02:2181,node03:2181,node04:2181</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

vi works