LITERATURE REVIEW Alzheimer's app 阿尔兹海默症患者辅助app构思

Introduction

The objective of this review is to understand what is known about the apps design of medical for Alzheimer's patients[1]. This may include the following: exploring whether the application can provide the heart rate, exploring whether the application can store location, heart rate, weather, temperature, GPS location, message information transmission method[2] and alarm information transmission method.

 

Research Questions

The equipment needs to embody the main functions:

1. The device will judge whether the patient is in an abnormal state by the heart rate and sound state of the patient. Whether at home or outdoors, when the abnormal state occurs, the mobile application needs to immediately sound an alarm and send a real-time geographic location[3] to the guardian's mobile phone. In the case that respond patient is safety, then the device checks again for them to confirm they are safety. 

2. Store data[4] about location, heart rate, weather, temperature, and episode interval in the app to analyze the patient's condition.

3. Enable geofencing to avoid false positives in a moderately safe location at home. After the user downloads the app, they will be prompted to set a safe distance in the device. The phone automatically receives notifications and warnings[5] if the phone enters, leaves, or is active in a particular geographic area.

4. The device provides detailed information about the guardian's phone number, home address, etc., which is obvious to passers-by, can instruct passers-by to take the patient to the coffee shop or safe area, and then notify the patient's guardian.

 

Background

What is Alzheimer's disease[6]? Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with latent onset. Clinical manifestations of dementia include memory impairment, aphasia, agnosia, visual spatial skills[7] impairment, executive dysfunction and personality and behavioral changes, the disease is called Alzheimer's disease. The etiology of dementia is still unknown.

The onset of the disease is slow or obscure. Patients and family members often do not know when it starts. Most of the patients were over 70 years old (male average 73 years old, female 75 years old). A few of the patients had rapid manifestation of symptoms after physical disease[8], fracture or mental stimulation. Women were more than men (female: male: 3: 1). The main manifestations are the decline of cognitive function, mental symptoms and behavioral disorders, and the gradual decline of daily living ability. According to the deterioration of cognitive ability and physical function, it is divided into three periods.

The first stage (1~3 years)

It is mild dementia stage. It is manifested by memory loss and forgetfulness of recent events; poor judgment, patients can not analyze, think and judge events, difficult to deal with complex problems; careless work or housework, unable to independently carry out shopping, economic affairs, social difficulties.

The second stage (2~10 years)

It is a moderate dementia stage. It is manifested by severe impairment of near and far memory, decline of visual space ability of simple structure, and obstacle of orientation of time and place; serious impairment in dealing with problems, identifying similarities and differences of things;

The third stage (8~12 years)

For severe dementia stage. The patient is totally dependent on the caregiver, with severe memory loss and only fragments of memory; daily life can not take care of itself, incontinence of urine and urine, silence, rigidity of limbs, positive pyramidal signs, strong grip, groping and sucking primitive reflexes can be seen on physical examination. Eventually, coma usually dies from infection and othe