SpringMVC入门例子-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了如何基于Spring框架构建MVC应用的全过程，包括添加依赖、配置web.xml、创建Controller、配置Spring MVC以及编写返回页面等步骤，并通过Jetty进行测试。

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1.添加依赖

        <properties>
		<spring-version>3.2.13.RELEASE</spring-version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
	<dependency>
	<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><groupId>junit</groupId>
	<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		<version>4.10</version>
		<scope>test</scope>
	</dependency>

	<dependency>
	      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	     <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	     <version>${spring-version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    <version>${spring-version}</version>  
       <span style="white-space:pre">	</span></dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <!-- end spring 核心依赖包 -->  
  
  
        <!-- start spring mvc -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
            <version>${spring-version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  
            <version>1.2</version>  
        </dependency>  
  
        <!-- START SERVLET -->  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>  
            <version>2.5</version>  
            <scope>provided</scope>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>  
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>  
            <version>2.1</version>  
            <scope>provided</scope>  
        </dependency>  
	</dependencies>

2.在web.xml中添加DispatchServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee   
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">  
    <display-name></display-name>  
    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>  
      
    <!-- 核心控制器 -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>my</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>  

    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>my</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping> 
</web-app>

3.创建controller

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

public class HelloWorldController extends AbstractController
{
	@Override
	protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest arg0,
			HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
		ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("cpf");
		modelAndView.addObject("hello","cpf mvc");
		System.out.println("enter");
		return modelAndView;
	}
}

其中的ModelAndView是为了指定返回的数据和返回的页面。

ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("cpf");

指定了返回的页面名称为cpf（这里只给出名称即可，不需要指定view的路径和后缀，因为会在后面配置）

4.创建springmvc配置文件

注意：配置文件的命名必须是[servlet name]-servlet.xml的格式，否则会报错。因为web.xml中配置的servlet-name为my，所以配置文件名称为my-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
	   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">

	<!-- bean name是外部访问的路径，class对应相应的controller -->
	<bean name="/cpf.do" class="my.mvn.controller.HelloWorldController"></bean>

	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
	    <!-- 前缀，这里写了ModelAndView就不用写全路径了 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/view/" />
	    <!-- 后缀，这里写了ModelAndView就不用写view的类型了 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>

</beans>

5.编写返回的页面cpf.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>${hello}</h2>
</body>
</html>

至此所有编码完毕，目录结构如下：

6.测试

使用jetty启动