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On of Vance’s favourite hero is Invoker, Kael. As many people knows Kael can control the elements and combine them to invoke a powerful skill. Vance like Kael very much so he changes the map to make Ka

There are n balls on a smooth horizontal straight track. The track can be considered to be a number line. The balls can be considered to be particles with the same mass.At the beginning, ball i is at p

A cubic number is the result of using a whole number in a multiplication three times. For example, 3×3×3=27so 27 is a cubic number. The first few cubic numbers are 1,8,27,64 and 125. Given an prime num

A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree. Your job is to count those family members who have no child. Input Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line co...