ant struts

我们先来用ANT搭建起一个工作环境。

首先从apache.org获得ant的可执行二进制win或linux代码，然后根据不同的系统配置好ANT_HOME环境变量和ant的bin所在的path目录；关于两种系统的环境配置可以在我的java环境的搭建文章中找到方法；然后测试你的ant是否可用：在任何一个目录下运行ant会出现一下信息：

C:>ant
Buildfile: build.xml does not exist!
Build failed

这说明你的ant可以工作了。

下面让我们再从apache.org获得Struts的包文件。找到struts-example包，我们就借用一下这个很好的教学包来修改创建并理解我们的Struts结构。

打开此包，我们可以发现此根文件夹存在一个build.xml文件，这个就是我们前面ant程序所必需的文件，那么就让我们来看看这个文件：

<project name="struts-example.project" default="war-package" basedir=".">这一行定义了你的工程名struts-example.project打包war工程默认打包路径：.为当前所在目录
<property name="app.name" value="struts-example" />
<property name="build.dir" value="WEB-INF/classes" />
<property name="lib.dir" value="build/lib"/>
<property name="build.home" value="build/${app.name}"/>
<property name="src.dir" value="E:/Tomcat/webapps" />
<property name="del.dir" value="E:/Tomcat/webapps/struts-example" />以上几行定义了此build.xml文件内所要用到的变量，我很是推荐这种变量的申明用法，如果你做多了就会发现这也是一种很简单的模式。


<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- Compile package -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<target name="compile">这一行定义了ant 后面所要的参数，也就是我们将来使用ant compile来编译以下<target></target>之间的目标文件。

<javac srcdir="WEB-INF/src/org/apache/struts/webapp/example"
destdir="${build.dir}" 这一行当中WEB-INF/src/org/apache/struts/webapp/example是源文件所在的目录而destdir="${build.dir}"则是编译好的class文件所放置目录，这里所要指出的是因为源文件package了org/apache/struts/webapp/example所以目录为WEB-INF/classes
debug="on"
deprecation="on"
optimize="off"
>
<classpath>

<pathelement location="WEB-INF/lib/struts.jar" />这一行声明了本次ant命令所要用到的类文件的classpath:WEB-INF/lib/struts.jar
</classpath>
<include name="OkInensModel.java"/>
<include name="OkInensAction.java"/>所要编译的文件，你也可以用一个<include name="*.java"/>代替

</javac>
</target>
以下解释请参考以上的自己解释：

<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- Creates the package jar archive -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<target name="war">
<jar jarfile="${app.name}.war"
basedir="" includes="**"/>
</target>

<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- Creates the distribution -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->



<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- Create directories and copy files for joinStruts web app -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<target name="copy">
<delete dir="${del.dir}"/>

<!-- copy web application -->


<!-- copy struts configuration files -->
<copy todir="${src.dir}">
<fileset dir=""
includes="${app.name}.war"

/>
</copy>

</target>

<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- Packages the distribution to a WAR -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->


</project>

下面让我们来看看此文件夹下的web-inf下其他文件：

web.xml

此文件定义了Struts架构的基本信息，包括*.do的映射配置：

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

action.xml在Struts1.0以后已经被取消

struts-config.xml

此文件为文件映射目录配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">

<!--
This is the Struts configuration file for the example application,
using the proposed new syntax.

NOTE: You would only flesh out the details in the "form-bean"
declarations if you had a generator tool that used them to create
the corresponding Java classes for you. Otherwise, you would
need only the "form-bean" element itself, with the corresponding
"name" and "type" attributes.
-->


<struts-config>


<!-- ========== Data Source Configuration =============================== -->
<!--
<data-sources>
<data-source>
<set-property property="autoCommit"
value="false"/>
<set-property property="description"
value="Example Data Source Configuration"/>
<set-property property="driverClass"
value="org.postgresql.Driver"/>
<set-property property="maxCount"
value="4"/>
<set-property property="minCount"
value="2"/>
<set-property property="password"
value="mypassword"/>
<set-property property="url"
value="jdbc:postgresql://localhost/mydatabase"/>
<set-property property="user"
value="myusername"/>
</data-source>
</data-sources>
-->
<!-- ========== Form Bean Definitions =================================== -->
<form-beans>

<!-- Logon form bean -->
<!--
<form-bean name="logonForm"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogonForm"/>
-->
<!--
<form-bean name="logonForm"
type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm">
-->
<form-bean name="logonForm"
type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm">
<form-property name="username" type="java.lang.String"/>
<form-property name="password" type="java.lang.String"/>
</form-bean>


<!-- Registration form bean -->
<form-bean name="registrationForm"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.RegistrationForm"/>

<!-- Subscription form bean -->
<form-bean name="subscriptionForm"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.SubscriptionForm"/>

</form-beans>


<!-- ========== Global Forward Definitions ============================== -->
<global-forwards>
<forward name="logoff" path="/logoff.do"/>
<forward name="logon" path="/logon.jsp"/>
<forward name="registration" path="/registration.jsp"/>
<forward name="success" path="/mainMenu.jsp"/>
</global-forwards>


<!-- ========== Action Mapping Definitions ============================== -->
<action-mappings>

<!-- Edit user registration -->
<action path="/editRegistration"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.EditRegistrationAction"
attribute="registrationForm"
scope="request"
validate="false">
<forward name="success" path="/registration.jsp"/>
</action>

<action
path="/okInens"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.OkInensAction"
validate="false"
scope="request">
</action>

<!-- Edit mail subscription -->
<action path="/editSubscription"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.EditSubscriptionAction"
attribute="subscriptionForm"
scope="request"
validate="false">
<forward name="failure" path="/mainMenu.jsp"/>如果EditSubscriptionAction返回failure进入mainMenu.jsp
<forward name="success" path="/subscription.jsp"/>如果EditSubscriptionAction返回success进入subscription.jsp
</action>

<!-- Process a user logoff -->
<action path="/logoff"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogoffAction">
<forward name="success" path="/index.jsp"/>
</action>

<!-- Process a user logon -->
<action path="/logon"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogonAction"
name="logonForm"
scope="session"
input="logon">
<exception
key="expired.password"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.ExpiredPasswordException"
path="/changePassword.jsp"/>
</action>

<!-- Save user registration -->
<action path="/saveRegistration"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.SaveRegistrationAction"
name="registrationForm"
scope="request"
input="registration"/>

<!-- Save mail subscription -->
<action path="/saveSubscription"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.SaveSubscriptionAction"
name="subscriptionForm"
scope="request"
input="subscription">
<forward name="subscription" path="/subscription.jsp"/>
<forward name="success" path="/editRegistration.do?action=Edit"/>
</action>


<!-- Display the "walking tour" documentation -->
<action path="/tour"
forward="/tour.htm">
</action>

<action path="/xs"
forward="/xs.jsp">
</action>

</action-mappings>


<!-- ========== Controller Configuration ================================ -->

<controller>
<!-- The "input" parameter on "action" elements is the name of a
local or global "forward" rather than a module-relative path -->
<set-property property="inputForward" value="true"/>
</controller>


<!-- ========== Message Resources Definitions =========================== -->

<message-resources
parameter="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.ApplicationResources"/>

<message-resources
parameter=

"org.apache.struts.webapp.example.AlternateApplicationResources"
key="alternate">
</message-resources>


<!-- ========== Plug Ins Configuration ================================== -->

<plug-in className=

"org.apache.struts.webapp.example.memory.MemoryDatabasePlugIn">
<set-property property="pathname" value="/WEB-INF/database.xml"/>
</plug-in>

<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
<set-property property="pathnames"
value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,
/WEB-INF/validation.xml"/>
</plug-in>


</struts-config>

红色是我自己加改的，你可以自己根据自己的需要添加更改

以下是我的struts-example运行效果：



我的struts-example.war下载

以上只是我的一点理解，如果你想更深刻的理解使用这些，请你自己来进行更深入的学习和使用吧，我想那才是你真正体会并运用了这项技术，在此对apache.org表示最敬意的感谢，他为我们带来了许多开源好技术。