用Ant,Struts搭建简单工程应用环境

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> 我们先来用ANT搭建起一个工作环境。 首先从apache.org获得ant的可执行二进制win或linux代码，然后根据不同的系统配置好ANT_HOME环境变量和ant的bin所在的path目录；关于两种系统的环境配置可以在我的java环境的搭建文章中找到方法；然后测试你的ant是否可用：在任何一个目录下运行ant会出现一下信息： C:/>ant Buildfile: build.xml does not exist! Build failed 这说明你的ant可以工作了。 下面让我们再从apache.org获得Struts的包文件。找到struts-example包，我们就借用一下这个很好的教学包来修改创建并理解我们的Struts结构。 打开此包，我们可以发现此根文件夹存在一个build.xml文件，这个就是我们前面ant程序所必需的文件，那么就让我们来看看这个文件： <project name="struts-example.project" default="war-package" basedir=".">这一行定义了你的工程名struts-example.project打包war工程默认打包路径：.为当前所在目录 <property name="app.name" value="struts-example" /> <property name="build.dir" value="WEB-INF/classes" /> <property name="lib.dir" value="build/lib"/> <property name="build.home" value="build/${app.name}"/> <property name="src.dir" value="E:/Tomcat/webapps" /> <property name="del.dir" value="E:/Tomcat/webapps/struts-example" />以上几行定义了此build.xml文件内所要用到的变量，我很是推荐这种变量的申明用法，如果你做多了就会发现这也是一种很简单的模式。 <!-- =================================================================== --> <!-- Compile package --> <!-- =================================================================== --> <target name="compile">这一行定义了ant 后面所要的参数，也就是我们将来使用ant compile来编译以下<target></target>之间的目标文件。 <javac srcdir="WEB-INF/src/org/apache/struts/webapp/example" destdir="${build.dir}" 这一行当中WEB-INF/src/org/apache/struts/webapp/example是源文件所在的目录而destdir="${build.dir}"则是编译好的class文件所放置目录，这里所要指出的是因为源文件package了org/apache/struts/webapp/example所以目录为WEB-INF/classes debug="on" deprecation="on" optimize="off" > <classpath> <pathelement location="WEB-INF/lib/struts.jar" />这一行声明了本次ant命令所要用到的类文件的classpath:WEB-INF/lib/struts.jar </classpath> <include name="OkInensModel.java"/> <include name="OkInensAction.java"/>所要编译的文件，你也可以用一个<include name="*.java"/>代替 </javac> </target> 以下解释请参考以上的自己解释： <!-- =================================================================== --> <!-- Creates the package jar archive --> <!-- =================================================================== --> <target name="war"> <jar jarfile="${app.name}.war" basedir="" includes="**"/> </target> <!-- =================================================================== --> <!-- Creates the distribution --> <!-- =================================================================== --> <!-- =================================================================== --> <!-- Create directories and copy files for joinStruts web app --> <!-- =================================================================== --> <target name="copy"> <delete dir="${del.dir}"/> <!-- copy web application --> <!-- copy struts configuration files --> <copy todir="${src.dir}"> <fileset dir="" includes="${app.name}.war" /> </copy> </target> <!-- =================================================================== --> <!-- Packages the distribution to a WAR --> <!-- =================================================================== --> </project> 下面让我们来看看此文件夹下的web-inf下其他文件： web.xml 此文件定义了Struts架构的基本信息，包括*.do的映射配置： <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> action.xml在Struts1.0以后已经被取消 struts-config.xml 此文件为文件映射目录配置文件： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd"> <!-- This is the Struts configuration file for the example application, using the proposed new syntax. NOTE: You would only flesh out the details in the "form-bean" declarations if you had a generator tool that used them to create the corresponding Java classes for you. Otherwise, you would need only the "form-bean" element itself, with the corresponding "name" and "type" attributes. --> <struts-config> <!-- ========== Data Source Configuration =============================== --> <!-- <data-sources> <data-source> <set-property property="autoCommit" value="false"/> <set-property property="description" value="Example Data Source Configuration"/> <set-property property="driverClass" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/> <set-property property="maxCount" value="4"/> <set-property property="minCount" value="2"/> <set-property property="password" value="mypassword"/> <set-property property="url" value="jdbc:postgresql://localhost/mydatabase"/> <set-property property="user" value="myusername"/> </data-source> </data-sources> --> <!-- ========== Form Bean Definitions =================================== --> <form-beans> <!-- Logon form bean --> <!-- <form-bean name="logonForm" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogonForm"/> --> <!-- <form-bean name="logonForm" type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm"> --> <form-bean name="logonForm" type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm"> <form-property name="username" type="java.lang.String"/> <form-property name="password" type="java.lang.String"/> </form-bean> <!-- Registration form bean --> <form-bean name="registrationForm" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.RegistrationForm"/> <!-- Subscription form bean --> <form-bean name="subscriptionForm" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.SubscriptionForm"/> </form-beans> <!-- ========== Global Forward Definitions ============================== --> <global-forwards> <forward name="logoff" path="/logoff.do"/> <forward name="logon" path="/logon.jsp"/> <forward name="registration" path="/registration.jsp"/> <forward name="success" path="/mainMenu.jsp"/> </global-forwards> <!-- ========== Action Mapping Definitions ============================== --> <action-mappings> <!-- Edit user registration --> <action path="/editRegistration" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.EditRegistrationAction" attribute="registrationForm" scope="request" validate="false"> <forward name="success" path="/registration.jsp"/> </action> <action path="/okInens" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.OkInensAction" validate="false" scope="request"> </action> <!-- Edit mail subscription --> <action path="/editSubscription" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.EditSubscriptionAction" attribute="subscriptionForm" scope="request" validate="false"> <forward name="failure" path="/mainMenu.jsp"/>如果EditSubscriptionAction返回failure进入mainMenu.jsp <forward name="success" path="/subscription.jsp"/>如果EditSubscriptionAction返回success进入subscription.jsp </action> <!-- Process a user logoff --> <action path="/logoff" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogoffAction"> <forward name="success" path="/index.jsp"/> </action> <!-- Process a user logon --> <action path="/logon" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogonAction" name="logonForm" scope="session" input="logon"> <exception key="expired.password" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.ExpiredPasswordException" path="/changePassword.jsp"/> </action> <!-- Save user registration --> <action path="/saveRegistration" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.SaveRegistrationAction" name="registrationForm" scope="request" input="registration"/> <!-- Save mail subscription --> <action path="/saveSubscription" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.SaveSubscriptionAction" name="subscriptionForm" scope="request" input="subscription"> <forward name="subscription" path="/subscription.jsp"/> <forward name="success" path="/editRegistration.do?action=Edit"/> </action> <!-- Display the "walking tour" documentation --> <action path="/tour" forward="/tour.htm"> </action> <action path="/xs" forward="/xs.jsp"> </action> </action-mappings> <!-- ========== Controller Configuration ================================ --> <controller> <!-- The "input" parameter on "action" elements is the name of a local or global "forward" rather than a module-relative path --> <set-property property="inputForward" value="true"/> </controller> <!-- ========== Message Resources Definitions =========================== --> <message-resources parameter="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.ApplicationResources"/> <message-resources parameter= "org.apache.struts.webapp.example.AlternateApplicationResources" key="alternate"> </message-resources> <!-- ========== Plug Ins Configuration ================================== --> <plug-in className= "org.apache.struts.webapp.example.memory.MemoryDatabasePlugIn"> <set-property property="pathname" value="/WEB-INF/database.xml"/> </plug-in> <plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn"> <set-property property="pathnames" value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml, /WEB-INF/validation.xml"/> </plug-in> </struts-config> 红色是我自己加改的，你可以自己根据自己的需要添加更改 以下是我的struts-example运行效果： 我的struts-example.war下载 以上只是我的一点理解，如果你想更深刻的理解使用这些，请你自己来进行更深入的学习和使用吧，我想那才是你真正体会并运用了这项技术，在此对apache.org表示最敬意的感谢，他为我们带来了许多开源好技术。 新奇世界 ?iNENS 提供